Comparison of the Effect of the Same Polishing Method on the Surface Roughness of Conventional, CAD/CAM Milling and 3D Printing Denture Base Materials

Didem DEMİRKOL; Faik TUĞUT

doi:10.7126/cumudj.1317851

Cumhuriyet Dental Journal

Research Article

Konvansiyonel, CAD/CAM Kazıma ve 3D Baskılı Protez Kaide Materyalleri Üzerine Uygulanan Aynı Polisaj Yönteminin Yüzey Pürüzlülüğüne Etkisinin Karşılaştırılması

Year 2023, Volume: 26 Issue: 3, 281 - 286, 29.09.2023

Didem DEMİRKOL Faik TUĞUT

https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1317851

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, hem aynı cilalama yönteminin ve hem de termal yaşlandırma işlemi yapılan ve yapılmayanların geleneksel, CAD/CAM kazıma ve 3D baskılı protez kaide materyallerinde yüzey pürüzlülüğüne olan etkisini değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Konvansiyonel, CAD/CAM kazıma ve 3D-baskılı olmak üzere 3 farklı yöntemle (n=10) toplam 30 adet yuvarlak numune elde edildi. Tüm gruplara aynı şekilde polisaj tekniği uygulandıktan sonra yüzey pürüzlülük değerleri ölçüldü. Yüzey pürüzlülük ölçümü için profilometre cihazı kullanıldı. Daha sonra tüm örneklere temal yaşlandırma yapıldıktan sonra yüzey pürüzlülük değerlerinin ölçümü yapıldı ve termal işlem yapılmamış ve termal işlem yapılmış örnekler arasındaki pürüzlülük değerleri karşılaştırıldı. İstatistiksel olarak Tukey, Mann Whitney U ve Kruskal Wallis testleri kullanıldı. ≤ 0,05 olan p değerleri anlamlı kabul edildi.
Bulgular: Aynı polisaj işlemi sonucunda tüm gruplarda yüzey pürüzlülüklerinde farklılık görüldü. En yüksek yüzey pürüzlülük değerleri 3D baskıda görülürken, en düşük pürüzlülük değeri CAD/CAM kazımada görüldü ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu (p<0.05). Termal siklus, yüzey pürüzlülüğünde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark göstermedi (p>0,05).
Sonuç: Aynı polisaj işlemi farklı yöntemlerle elde edilen protez kaide malzemelerinde farklı yüzey pürüzlülük değerlerine neden olmuş ve en düşük yüzey pürüzlülük değeri CAD/CAM kazımada görülmüştür.

Keywords

CAD/CAM kazıma, 3D baskı, Parlatma, Yüzey pürüzlülüğü, Protez kaide malzemesi

Supporting Institution

Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi

Thanks

Bu çalışma Didem Demirkol'un uzmanlık tezinden yararlanılarak hazırlanmıştır.

References

1. Al-Rafee MA. The epidemiology of edentulism and the associated factors: A literature Review. J Fam Med Prim Care 2020; 9: 1841-1843.
2. Zafar MS. Prosthodontic Applications of Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA): An Update. Polymers 2020; 12: 2299.
3. Al-Dwairi ZN, Tahboub KY, Baba NZ, Goodacre CJ, Ozcan MA. Comparison of the Surface Properties of CAD/CAM and Conventional Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). J Prosthodont 2019; 28: 452-457.
4. Srinivasan M, Schimmel M, Naharro M, et al: CAD/CAM milled removable complete dentures: time and cost estimation study. J Dent 2019; 80: 75-79.
5. Nadin Z. Materials and processes for CAD-CAM complete denture fabrication. Curr Oral Health Rep 2016; 3: 203-208.
6. Niem T, Youssef N, Wostmann B. Energy dissipation capacities of CAD-CAM restorative materials: A comparative evaluation of resilience and toughness. J Prosthet Dent 2019; 121: 101-109.
7. Azuma A, Akiba N, Minakuchi S: Hydrophilic surface modification of acrylic denture base material by silica coating and its influence on Candida albicans adherence. J Med Dent Sci 2012; 59: 1-7.
8. Jin NY, Lee HR, Lee H, et al. Wettability of denture relining materials under water storage over time. J Adv Prosthodont 2009; 1: 1-5.
9. Pinto JR, Mesquita MA, Henriques GE. Evaluation of varying amounts of thermal cycling on bond strength and permanent deformation of two resilient denture liners. J Prosthet Dent 2004; 92: 288-293.
10. Gale MS, Darvell BW. Thermocycling procedures for laboratory testing of dental restorations. J Dent 1999; 27: 89-99.
11. Barreto JO, de Alencar-Silva FJ, Oliveira VC, da Silva-Lovato CH, Silva PG, Regis RR. The effect of a continuous mechanical polishing protocol on surface roughness, biofilm adhesion, and color stability of acrylic resin artificial teeth. J Prosthodont 2019; 28: 110-117.
12. Corsalini M, Boccaccio A, Lamberti L, Pappalettere C, Catapano S, Carossa S. Analysis of the performance of a standardized method for the polishing of methacrylic resins. Open Dent J 2009; 3: 233–240.
13. Di Fiore A, Meneghello R, Brun P, Rosso S, Gattazzo A, Stellini E, Yilmaz B. Comparison of the flexural and surface properties of milled, 3D-printed, and heat polymerized PMMA resins for denture bases: An in vitro study. J Prosthodont Res 2021; 66: 502–508.
14. Helal MA, Fadl-Alah A, Baraka YM, Gad MM, Emam AN. In-vitro comparative evaluation for the surface properties and impact strength of CAD-CAM milled, 3D-printed, and polyamide denture base resins. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2022; 12: 126.
15. Gad MM, Al-Thobity AM, Fouda SM, Näpänkangas R, Raustia A. Flexural and surface properties of PMMA denture base material modified with thymoquinone as an antifungal agent. J Prosthodont 2020; 29: 243-250.
16. Lee S, Hong SJ, Pack J, Pae A, Kwon KR, Noh K. Comparing accuracy of denture bases fabricated by injection molding, CAD-CAM milling and rapid prototyping method. J Adv Prosthodont 2019; 11: 55-64.
17. Gad MM, Fouda SM, Abualsaud R, Alshahrani FA, Al‐Thobity AM, Khan SQ, et al. Strength and surface properties of a 3D‐printed denture base polymer. J Prosthodont 2022; 31: 412–418.
18. Kaplan BA, Goldstein GR, Vijayaraghavan TV, Nelson IK. The effect of three polishing systems on the surface roughness of four hybrid composites: a profilometric and scanning electron microscopy study. J Prosthet Dent 1996; 76: 34-38.
19. Murat S, Alp G, Alatalı C, Uzun M. In vitro evaluation of adhesion of Candida albicans on CAD/CAM PMMA‐based polymers. J Prosthodont 2019; 28: 873–879.
20. Al-Fouzan AF, Al-Mejrad LA, Albarrag AM. Adherence of Candida to complete denture surfaces in vitro: A comparison of conventional and CAD/CAM complete dentures. J Adv Prosthodont 2017; 9: 402-408.
21. Freitas RFCP, de Duarte S, Feitosa S, Dutra V, Lin W, Panariello BHD, Carreiro AFP. Physical, Mechanical, and Anti-Biofilm Formation Properties of CAD/CAM Milled or 3D Printed Denture Base Resins: In Vitro Analysis. Journal of Prosthodontics 2022. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopr.13554.
22. Meirowitz A, Rahmanov A, Shlomo E, Zelikman H, Dolev E, Sterer N. Effect of denture base fabrication technique on Candida albicans adhesion in vitro. Materials 2021; 14: 221.
23. Shim JS, Kim JE, Jeong SH, Choi YJ, Ryu JJ. Printing accuracy, mechanical properties, surface characteristics, and microbial adhesion of 3D-printed resins with various printing orientations. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 124: 468-475.
24. Campbell RI, Martorelli M, Lee HS. Surface roughness visualisation of rapid prototyping models. Comput Aided Des 2002; 34: 717-725.

Comparison of the Effect of the Same Polishing Method on the Surface Roughness of Conventional, CAD/CAM Milling and 3D Printing Denture Base Materials

Year 2023, Volume: 26 Issue: 3, 281 - 286, 29.09.2023

Didem DEMİRKOL Faik TUĞUT

https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1317851

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of both the same polishing method and those with and without thermal aging on the surface roughness of conventional, CAD/CAM milling and 3D printing denture base materials.
Materials and Methods: A total of 30 round shaped specimens were obtained by 3 different methods (n=10): Conventional, CAD/CAM milling and 3D-Printing. After applying the same polishing technique to all groups, surface roughness values were measured. Profilometer device was used for surface roughness measurement. Then, after the thermal aging of all samples, surface roughness values were measured and the roughness values between no-thermocycling and thermocycling were compared. Tukey, Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests were used statistically. P values of ≤ 0.05 were considered significant.
Results: As a result of the same polishing process, there was a difference in surface roughness in all groups. While the highest surface roughness values were seen in 3D-printing, the lowest roughness value was seen in the CAD/CAM milling and was statistically significant (p<0.05). Thermocycling did not show a statistically significant difference in surface roughness (p>0.05).
Conclusions: The same polishing process caused different surface roughness values in the denture base materials obtained with different methods, and the lowest surface roughness value was seen in the CAD/CAM milling.

Keywords

CAD/CAM milling, 3D printing, Polishing, Surface roughness, Denture base material

References

1. Al-Rafee MA. The epidemiology of edentulism and the associated factors: A literature Review. J Fam Med Prim Care 2020; 9: 1841-1843.
2. Zafar MS. Prosthodontic Applications of Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA): An Update. Polymers 2020; 12: 2299.
3. Al-Dwairi ZN, Tahboub KY, Baba NZ, Goodacre CJ, Ozcan MA. Comparison of the Surface Properties of CAD/CAM and Conventional Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). J Prosthodont 2019; 28: 452-457.
4. Srinivasan M, Schimmel M, Naharro M, et al: CAD/CAM milled removable complete dentures: time and cost estimation study. J Dent 2019; 80: 75-79.
5. Nadin Z. Materials and processes for CAD-CAM complete denture fabrication. Curr Oral Health Rep 2016; 3: 203-208.
6. Niem T, Youssef N, Wostmann B. Energy dissipation capacities of CAD-CAM restorative materials: A comparative evaluation of resilience and toughness. J Prosthet Dent 2019; 121: 101-109.
7. Azuma A, Akiba N, Minakuchi S: Hydrophilic surface modification of acrylic denture base material by silica coating and its influence on Candida albicans adherence. J Med Dent Sci 2012; 59: 1-7.
8. Jin NY, Lee HR, Lee H, et al. Wettability of denture relining materials under water storage over time. J Adv Prosthodont 2009; 1: 1-5.
9. Pinto JR, Mesquita MA, Henriques GE. Evaluation of varying amounts of thermal cycling on bond strength and permanent deformation of two resilient denture liners. J Prosthet Dent 2004; 92: 288-293.
10. Gale MS, Darvell BW. Thermocycling procedures for laboratory testing of dental restorations. J Dent 1999; 27: 89-99.
11. Barreto JO, de Alencar-Silva FJ, Oliveira VC, da Silva-Lovato CH, Silva PG, Regis RR. The effect of a continuous mechanical polishing protocol on surface roughness, biofilm adhesion, and color stability of acrylic resin artificial teeth. J Prosthodont 2019; 28: 110-117.
12. Corsalini M, Boccaccio A, Lamberti L, Pappalettere C, Catapano S, Carossa S. Analysis of the performance of a standardized method for the polishing of methacrylic resins. Open Dent J 2009; 3: 233–240.
13. Di Fiore A, Meneghello R, Brun P, Rosso S, Gattazzo A, Stellini E, Yilmaz B. Comparison of the flexural and surface properties of milled, 3D-printed, and heat polymerized PMMA resins for denture bases: An in vitro study. J Prosthodont Res 2021; 66: 502–508.
14. Helal MA, Fadl-Alah A, Baraka YM, Gad MM, Emam AN. In-vitro comparative evaluation for the surface properties and impact strength of CAD-CAM milled, 3D-printed, and polyamide denture base resins. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2022; 12: 126.
15. Gad MM, Al-Thobity AM, Fouda SM, Näpänkangas R, Raustia A. Flexural and surface properties of PMMA denture base material modified with thymoquinone as an antifungal agent. J Prosthodont 2020; 29: 243-250.
16. Lee S, Hong SJ, Pack J, Pae A, Kwon KR, Noh K. Comparing accuracy of denture bases fabricated by injection molding, CAD-CAM milling and rapid prototyping method. J Adv Prosthodont 2019; 11: 55-64.
17. Gad MM, Fouda SM, Abualsaud R, Alshahrani FA, Al‐Thobity AM, Khan SQ, et al. Strength and surface properties of a 3D‐printed denture base polymer. J Prosthodont 2022; 31: 412–418.
18. Kaplan BA, Goldstein GR, Vijayaraghavan TV, Nelson IK. The effect of three polishing systems on the surface roughness of four hybrid composites: a profilometric and scanning electron microscopy study. J Prosthet Dent 1996; 76: 34-38.
19. Murat S, Alp G, Alatalı C, Uzun M. In vitro evaluation of adhesion of Candida albicans on CAD/CAM PMMA‐based polymers. J Prosthodont 2019; 28: 873–879.
20. Al-Fouzan AF, Al-Mejrad LA, Albarrag AM. Adherence of Candida to complete denture surfaces in vitro: A comparison of conventional and CAD/CAM complete dentures. J Adv Prosthodont 2017; 9: 402-408.
21. Freitas RFCP, de Duarte S, Feitosa S, Dutra V, Lin W, Panariello BHD, Carreiro AFP. Physical, Mechanical, and Anti-Biofilm Formation Properties of CAD/CAM Milled or 3D Printed Denture Base Resins: In Vitro Analysis. Journal of Prosthodontics 2022. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopr.13554.
22. Meirowitz A, Rahmanov A, Shlomo E, Zelikman H, Dolev E, Sterer N. Effect of denture base fabrication technique on Candida albicans adhesion in vitro. Materials 2021; 14: 221.
23. Shim JS, Kim JE, Jeong SH, Choi YJ, Ryu JJ. Printing accuracy, mechanical properties, surface characteristics, and microbial adhesion of 3D-printed resins with various printing orientations. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 124: 468-475.
24. Campbell RI, Martorelli M, Lee HS. Surface roughness visualisation of rapid prototyping models. Comput Aided Des 2002; 34: 717-725.

Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Dentistry (Other)
Journal Section	Original Research Articles
Authors	Didem DEMİRKOL SİVAS CUMHURİYET ÜNİVERSİTESİ, DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİ FAKÜLTESİ, DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİ PR. 0000-0001-8119-8845 Türkiye Faik TUĞUT Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi 0000-0002-6323-407X Türkiye
Project Number	DİŞ-2022-296
Publication Date	September 29, 2023
Submission Date	June 21, 2023
Published in Issue	Year 2023Volume: 26 Issue: 3

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EndNote	DEMİRKOL D, TUĞUT F (September 1, 2023) Comparison of the Effect of the Same Polishing Method on the Surface Roughness of Conventional, CAD/CAM Milling and 3D Printing Denture Base Materials. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 26 3 281–286.

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Cumhuriyet Dental Journal (Cumhuriyet Dent J, CDJ) is the official publication of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry. CDJ is an international journal dedicated to the latest advancement of dentistry. The aim of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments in different areas of dentistry. First issue of the Journal of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry was published in 1998. In 2010, journal's name was changed as Cumhuriyet Dental Journal. Journal’s publication language is English.

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