BISPHOSPHONATE INDUCED OSTEONECROSIS OF THE JAWS AND CURRENT THERAPIES

Damla Torul; Mehmet Cihan Bereket

doi:10.7126/cumudj.345953

Review

Çenelerin Bisfosfonata Bağlı Osteonekrozu ve Güncel Tedaviler

Year 2017, , 122 - 131, 31.08.2017

Damla Torul , Mehmet Cihan Bereket

https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.345953

Abstract

Bifosfonatlar osteoklastik
aktivitenin güçlü inhibitörü olan farmakolojik ajanlardır. Günümüzde osteolitik
kemik hastalığı, malignite kaynaklı hiperkalsemi, metastatik kemik hastalıkları
ve osteoporoz gibi birçok farklı kemik hastalığı veya ilişkili komplikasyonun
tedavisinde kullanılmaktadırlar. Bifosfonatlar bu hastalıkların iskeletsel komplikasyonlarını
önemli ölçüde azaltsa da özellikle yüksek kemik döngüsünün görüldüğü çene kemiklerinde
tedaviye dirençli, ekspoze nekrotik kemik ile karakterize özgün bir
osteonekroza neden olmaktadırlar. Bifosfonat kullanımına bağlı olarak gelişen
bu komplikasyonun henüz kesin bir tedavisi bulunmamaktadır. Hastaların, bu
durumun ekonomik ve sosyal yönleri nedeniyle mağdur olmasına sebep olan bu komplikasyonla
mücadele etmek için yeni tedavi arayışları hala sürmektedir. Bu derlemede
bifosfonatların kimyasal yapıları, etki mekanizmaları ve osteonekrozun güncel
tanı /tedavi yöntemleri hakkında bilgi verilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

Bifosfonatlar, malign hastalıklar, komplikasyonlar, osteonekroz, tedavi seçenekleri

References

1. Gomez Font R, Martinez Garcia ML, Olmos Martinez JM. Osteochemonecrosis of the jaws due to bisphosphonate treatments. Update. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2008;13(5):E318-24.
2. Fleisch H. Development of bisphosphonates. Breast Cancer Res 2002;4(1):30-4.
3. Fleisch H, Russell RG, Bisaz S, Casey PA, Muhlbauer RC. The influence of pyrophosphate analogues (diphosphonates) on the precipitation and dissolution of calcium phosphate in vitro and in vivo. Calcif Tissue Res 1968:Suppl:10-10a.
4. Franchimont N, Canalis E. Management of glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis in premenopausal women with autoimmune disease. Autoimmun Rev 2003;2(4):224-8.
5. Kamoun-Goldrat A, Ginisty D, Merrer M. Effect of bisphosphonates on tooth eruption in children with osteogenesis imperfecta. Eur J Oral Sci 2008;116:195-8.
6. Katz H. Endodontic implications of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws: a report of three cases. J Endod 2005;31(11):831-4.
7. Rodan GA, Fleisch HA. Bisphosphonates: mechanisms of action. J Clin Invest 1996;97(12):2692-6.
8. Senel FC, Saracoglu Tekin U, Durmus A, Bagis B. Severe osteomyelitis of the mandible associated with the use of non-nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate (disodium clodronate): report of a case. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007;65(3):562-5.
9. Crepin S, Laroche ML, Sarry B, Merle L. Osteonecrosis of the jaw induced by clodronate, an alkylbiphosphonate: case report and literature review. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2010;66(6):547-54.
10. Leite AF, Figueiredo PT, Melo NS, et al. Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws. Report of a case and literature review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2006;102(1):14-21.
11. Drake MT, Clarke BL, Khosla S. Bisphosphonates: mechanism of action and role in clinical practice. Mayo Clin Proc 2008;83(9):1032-45.
12. van Beek ER, Cohen LH, Leroy IM, et al. Differentiating the mechanisms of antiresorptive action of nitrogen containing bisphosphonates. Bone 2003;33(5):805-11.
13. Gutta R, Louis PJ. Bisphosphonates and osteonecrosis of the jaws: science and rationale. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2007;104(2):186-93.
14. Otto S, Pautke C, Opelz C, et al. Osteonecrosis of the jaw: effect of bisphosphonate type, local concentration, and acidic milieu on the pathomechanism. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010;68(11):2837-45.
15. Hughes DE, Wright KR, Uy HL, et al. Bisphosphonates promote apoptosis in murine osteoclasts in vitro and in vivo. J Bone Miner Res 1995;10(10):1478-87.
16. Vitte C, Fleisch H, Guenther HL. Bisphosphonates induce osteoblasts to secrete an inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated resorption. Endocrinology 1996;137(6):2324-33.
17. Kimmel DB. Mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile, and clinical applications of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates. J Dent Res 2007;86(11):1022-33.
18. Mashiba T, Mori S, Burr DB, et al. The effects of suppressed bone remodeling by bisphosphonates on microdamage accumulation and degree of mineralization in the cortical bone of dog rib. J Bone Miner Metab 2005;23 Suppl:36-42.
19. Vincenzi B, Santini D, Dicuonzo G, et al. Zoledronic acid-related angiogenesis modifications and survival in advanced breast cancer patients. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2005;25(3):144-51.
20. Wood J, Bonjean K, Ruetz S, et al. Novel antiangiogenic effects of the bisphosphonate compound zoledronic acid. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002;302(3):1055-61.
21. Grey A, Reid IR. Differences between the bisphosphonates for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2006;2(1):77-86.
22. Fraunfelder FW, Fraunfelder FT, Jensvold B. Scleritis and other ocular side effects associated with pamidronate disodium. Am J Ophthalmol 2003;135(2):219-22.
23. Marx RE, Cillo JE, Jr., Ulloa JJ. Oral bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis: risk factors, prediction of risk using serum CTX testing, prevention, and treatment. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007;65(12):2397-410.
24. Wysowski DK. Reports of esophageal cancer with oral bisphosphonate use. N Engl J Med 2009;360(1):89-90.
25. Cummings SR, Schwartz AV, Black DM. Alendronate and atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2007;356(18):1895-6.
26. Halabe A, Lifschitz BM, Azuri J. Liver damage due to alendronate. N Engl J Med 2000;343(5):365-6.
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28. Marx RE. Uncovering the cause of "phossy jaw" Circa 1858 to 1906: oral and maxillofacial surgery closed case files-case closed. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008;66(11):2356-63.
29. Somerman MJ, McCauley L. Bisphosphonates: sacrificing the jaw to save the skeleton? IBMS 2006;3:8-12.
30. Dixon RB. Bone turnoverin elderly canina mandible and tibia. j dent res 1997:76:336.
31. Lehrer S, Montazem A, Ramanathan L, et al. Bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaws, bone markers, and a hypothesized candidate gene. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009;67(1):159-61.
32. Tanvetyanon T, Stiff PJ. Management of the adverse effects associated with intravenous bisphosphonates. Ann Oncol 2006;17(6):897-907.
33. Hughes JP, Baron R, Buckland DH, et al. Phosphorus necrosis of the jaw: a present-day study. Br J Ind Med 1962;19:83-99.
34. Ruggiero SL, Dodson TB, Assael LA, et al. American association of oral and maxillofacial surgeons position paper on bisphosphonate- related osteonecrosis of the jaws-2009 update. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009; 67:2-12
35. Marx RE, Sawatari Y, Fortin M, Broumand V. Bisphosphonate-induced exposed bone (osteonecrosis/osteopetrosis) of the jaws: risk factors, recognition, prevention, and treatment. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005;63(11):1567-75.
36. Kim JW, Kong KA, Kim SJ, et al. Prospective biomarker evaluation in patients with osteonecrosis of the jaw who received bisphosphonates. Bone 2013;57(1):201-5.
37. Pasoff M. C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide as a serologic marker for bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: review of 2 cases. J Can Dent Assoc 2013;79:d51.
38. Ficarra G, Beninati F. Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: an update on clinical, pathological and management aspects. Head Neck Pathol 2007;1(2):132-40.
39. Montebugnoli L, Felicetti L, Gissi DB, et al. Biphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis can be controlled by nonsurgical management. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2007;104(4):473-7.
40. Phal PM, Myall RW, Assael LA, Weissman JL. Imaging findings of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007;28(6):1139-45.
41. Bedogni A, Blandamura S, Lokmic Z, et al. Bisphosphonate-associated jawbone osteonecrosis: a correlation between imaging techniques and histopathology. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2008;105(3):358-64.
42. Bisdas S, Chambron Pinho N, Smolarz A, et al. Bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis in the jaws: CT and MRI spectrum of findings in 32 patients. . Clin radiol 2008; 63:71-7.
43. Chiandussi S, Biasotto M, Dore F, et al. Clinical and diagnostic imaging of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2006;35(4):236-43.
44. Stockmann P, Hinkmann FM, Lell MM, et al. Panoramic radiograph, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Which imaging technique should be preferred in bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw? A prospective clinical study. Clin Oral Investig 2010;14(3):311-7.
45. Dore F, Filippi L, Biasotto M, et al. Bone scintigraphy and SPECT/CT of bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw. J Nucl Med 2009;50(1):30-5.
46. Treister N, Sheehy N, Bae EH, et al. Dental panoramic radiographic evaluation in bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws. Oral Dis 2009;15(1):88-92.
47. Bianchi SD, Scoletta M, Cassione FB, Migliaretti G, Mozzati M. Computerized tomographic findings in bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with cancer. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2007;104(2):249-58.
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49. Marx RE. Oral and Intravenous Bisphosphonates-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Jaws: History, etiology, prevention and treatment. Hanover Park: Quintessence Books. 2006.
50. Adapted from advisory task force on bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of jaws, American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgerons. American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgerons position paper on bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaws. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007;65:369-76.
51. Carlson ER, Basile JD. The role of surgical resection in the management of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009;67:85-95.
52. Kademani D, Koka S, Lacy MQ, Rajkumar SV. Primary surgical therapy for osteonecrosis of the jaw secondary to bisphosphonate therapy. Mayo Clin Proc 2006;81(8):1100-3.
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BISPHOSPHONATE INDUCED OSTEONECROSIS OF THE JAWS AND CURRENT THERAPIES

Year 2017, , 122 - 131, 31.08.2017

Damla Torul , Mehmet Cihan Bereket

https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.345953

Abstract

Bisphosphonates
are pharmacological agents which are the potent inhibitors of osteoclastic
activity. Nowadays, bisphosphonates are used to treat a variety of bone disease
or related complications such as metastatic or osteolytic bone disease,
hypercalcemia of malignant origin and osteoporosis. Although, bisphosphonates
are significantly reduces the skeletal complications of these diseases, they
are inevitably cause a specific osteonecrosis characterized by treatment
resistant exposed necrotic bone, especially seen in the jaw bones where the
bone turnover is high. Currently there is no definitive treatment for this
complication induced by the use of bisphosphonates. The search for new
treatments methods to prevent the complications that cause patients to become a
victim of the economic and social aspects of this situation is still ongoing.

This review is intended to provide information
about the chemical structure of bisphosphonates, their mechanisms of action and
current diagnosis/treatment methods of the osteonecrosis.

Keywords

Bisphosphonates, malignant diseases, complications, osteonecrosis, treatment options

References

1. Gomez Font R, Martinez Garcia ML, Olmos Martinez JM. Osteochemonecrosis of the jaws due to bisphosphonate treatments. Update. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2008;13(5):E318-24.
2. Fleisch H. Development of bisphosphonates. Breast Cancer Res 2002;4(1):30-4.
3. Fleisch H, Russell RG, Bisaz S, Casey PA, Muhlbauer RC. The influence of pyrophosphate analogues (diphosphonates) on the precipitation and dissolution of calcium phosphate in vitro and in vivo. Calcif Tissue Res 1968:Suppl:10-10a.
4. Franchimont N, Canalis E. Management of glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis in premenopausal women with autoimmune disease. Autoimmun Rev 2003;2(4):224-8.
5. Kamoun-Goldrat A, Ginisty D, Merrer M. Effect of bisphosphonates on tooth eruption in children with osteogenesis imperfecta. Eur J Oral Sci 2008;116:195-8.
6. Katz H. Endodontic implications of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws: a report of three cases. J Endod 2005;31(11):831-4.
7. Rodan GA, Fleisch HA. Bisphosphonates: mechanisms of action. J Clin Invest 1996;97(12):2692-6.
8. Senel FC, Saracoglu Tekin U, Durmus A, Bagis B. Severe osteomyelitis of the mandible associated with the use of non-nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate (disodium clodronate): report of a case. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007;65(3):562-5.
9. Crepin S, Laroche ML, Sarry B, Merle L. Osteonecrosis of the jaw induced by clodronate, an alkylbiphosphonate: case report and literature review. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2010;66(6):547-54.
10. Leite AF, Figueiredo PT, Melo NS, et al. Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws. Report of a case and literature review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2006;102(1):14-21.
11. Drake MT, Clarke BL, Khosla S. Bisphosphonates: mechanism of action and role in clinical practice. Mayo Clin Proc 2008;83(9):1032-45.
12. van Beek ER, Cohen LH, Leroy IM, et al. Differentiating the mechanisms of antiresorptive action of nitrogen containing bisphosphonates. Bone 2003;33(5):805-11.
13. Gutta R, Louis PJ. Bisphosphonates and osteonecrosis of the jaws: science and rationale. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2007;104(2):186-93.
14. Otto S, Pautke C, Opelz C, et al. Osteonecrosis of the jaw: effect of bisphosphonate type, local concentration, and acidic milieu on the pathomechanism. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010;68(11):2837-45.
15. Hughes DE, Wright KR, Uy HL, et al. Bisphosphonates promote apoptosis in murine osteoclasts in vitro and in vivo. J Bone Miner Res 1995;10(10):1478-87.
16. Vitte C, Fleisch H, Guenther HL. Bisphosphonates induce osteoblasts to secrete an inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated resorption. Endocrinology 1996;137(6):2324-33.
17. Kimmel DB. Mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile, and clinical applications of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates. J Dent Res 2007;86(11):1022-33.
18. Mashiba T, Mori S, Burr DB, et al. The effects of suppressed bone remodeling by bisphosphonates on microdamage accumulation and degree of mineralization in the cortical bone of dog rib. J Bone Miner Metab 2005;23 Suppl:36-42.
19. Vincenzi B, Santini D, Dicuonzo G, et al. Zoledronic acid-related angiogenesis modifications and survival in advanced breast cancer patients. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2005;25(3):144-51.
20. Wood J, Bonjean K, Ruetz S, et al. Novel antiangiogenic effects of the bisphosphonate compound zoledronic acid. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002;302(3):1055-61.
21. Grey A, Reid IR. Differences between the bisphosphonates for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2006;2(1):77-86.
22. Fraunfelder FW, Fraunfelder FT, Jensvold B. Scleritis and other ocular side effects associated with pamidronate disodium. Am J Ophthalmol 2003;135(2):219-22.
23. Marx RE, Cillo JE, Jr., Ulloa JJ. Oral bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis: risk factors, prediction of risk using serum CTX testing, prevention, and treatment. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007;65(12):2397-410.
24. Wysowski DK. Reports of esophageal cancer with oral bisphosphonate use. N Engl J Med 2009;360(1):89-90.
25. Cummings SR, Schwartz AV, Black DM. Alendronate and atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2007;356(18):1895-6.
26. Halabe A, Lifschitz BM, Azuri J. Liver damage due to alendronate. N Engl J Med 2000;343(5):365-6.
27. Aghaloo TL, Kang B, Sung EC, et al. Periodontal disease and bisphosphonates induce osteonecrosis of the jaws in the rat. J Bone Miner Res 2011;26(8):1871-82.
28. Marx RE. Uncovering the cause of "phossy jaw" Circa 1858 to 1906: oral and maxillofacial surgery closed case files-case closed. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008;66(11):2356-63.
29. Somerman MJ, McCauley L. Bisphosphonates: sacrificing the jaw to save the skeleton? IBMS 2006;3:8-12.
30. Dixon RB. Bone turnoverin elderly canina mandible and tibia. j dent res 1997:76:336.
31. Lehrer S, Montazem A, Ramanathan L, et al. Bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaws, bone markers, and a hypothesized candidate gene. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009;67(1):159-61.
32. Tanvetyanon T, Stiff PJ. Management of the adverse effects associated with intravenous bisphosphonates. Ann Oncol 2006;17(6):897-907.
33. Hughes JP, Baron R, Buckland DH, et al. Phosphorus necrosis of the jaw: a present-day study. Br J Ind Med 1962;19:83-99.
34. Ruggiero SL, Dodson TB, Assael LA, et al. American association of oral and maxillofacial surgeons position paper on bisphosphonate- related osteonecrosis of the jaws-2009 update. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009; 67:2-12
35. Marx RE, Sawatari Y, Fortin M, Broumand V. Bisphosphonate-induced exposed bone (osteonecrosis/osteopetrosis) of the jaws: risk factors, recognition, prevention, and treatment. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005;63(11):1567-75.
36. Kim JW, Kong KA, Kim SJ, et al. Prospective biomarker evaluation in patients with osteonecrosis of the jaw who received bisphosphonates. Bone 2013;57(1):201-5.
37. Pasoff M. C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide as a serologic marker for bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: review of 2 cases. J Can Dent Assoc 2013;79:d51.
38. Ficarra G, Beninati F. Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: an update on clinical, pathological and management aspects. Head Neck Pathol 2007;1(2):132-40.
39. Montebugnoli L, Felicetti L, Gissi DB, et al. Biphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis can be controlled by nonsurgical management. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2007;104(4):473-7.
40. Phal PM, Myall RW, Assael LA, Weissman JL. Imaging findings of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007;28(6):1139-45.
41. Bedogni A, Blandamura S, Lokmic Z, et al. Bisphosphonate-associated jawbone osteonecrosis: a correlation between imaging techniques and histopathology. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2008;105(3):358-64.
42. Bisdas S, Chambron Pinho N, Smolarz A, et al. Bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis in the jaws: CT and MRI spectrum of findings in 32 patients. . Clin radiol 2008; 63:71-7.
43. Chiandussi S, Biasotto M, Dore F, et al. Clinical and diagnostic imaging of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2006;35(4):236-43.
44. Stockmann P, Hinkmann FM, Lell MM, et al. Panoramic radiograph, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Which imaging technique should be preferred in bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw? A prospective clinical study. Clin Oral Investig 2010;14(3):311-7.
45. Dore F, Filippi L, Biasotto M, et al. Bone scintigraphy and SPECT/CT of bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw. J Nucl Med 2009;50(1):30-5.
46. Treister N, Sheehy N, Bae EH, et al. Dental panoramic radiographic evaluation in bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws. Oral Dis 2009;15(1):88-92.
47. Bianchi SD, Scoletta M, Cassione FB, Migliaretti G, Mozzati M. Computerized tomographic findings in bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with cancer. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2007;104(2):249-58.
48. Krishnan A, Arslanoglu A, Yildirm N, Silbergleit R, Aygun N. Imaging findings of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw with emphasis on early magnetic resonance imaging findings. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2009;33(2):298-304.
49. Marx RE. Oral and Intravenous Bisphosphonates-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Jaws: History, etiology, prevention and treatment. Hanover Park: Quintessence Books. 2006.
50. Adapted from advisory task force on bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of jaws, American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgerons. American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgerons position paper on bisphosphonate related osteonecrosis of the jaws. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007;65:369-76.
51. Carlson ER, Basile JD. The role of surgical resection in the management of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009;67:85-95.
52. Kademani D, Koka S, Lacy MQ, Rajkumar SV. Primary surgical therapy for osteonecrosis of the jaw secondary to bisphosphonate therapy. Mayo Clin Proc 2006;81(8):1100-3.
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There are 76 citations in total.

Details

Subjects	Health Care Administration
Journal Section	Review
Authors	Damla Torul Mehmet Cihan Bereket
Publication Date	August 31, 2017
Submission Date	June 1, 2016
Published in Issue	Year 2017

Cite

EndNote	Torul D, Bereket MC (August 1, 2017) BISPHOSPHONATE INDUCED OSTEONECROSIS OF THE JAWS AND CURRENT THERAPIES. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 20 2 122–131.

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Cumhuriyet Dental Journal (Cumhuriyet Dent J, CDJ) is the official publication of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry. CDJ is an international journal dedicated to the latest advancement of dentistry. The aim of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments in different areas of dentistry. First issue of the Journal of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry was published in 1998. In 2010, journal's name was changed as Cumhuriyet Dental Journal. Journal’s publication language is English.

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