Effect of Polishing and Aging on Surface Properties of Permanent Restorative Materials Used in the Posterior Region
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of polishing and aging on the surface properties of different restorative materials used in the posterior region.
Materials and Methods: In this study, a total of 576 samples were prepared by using 6 different composite resin (Filtek Z250-Z250, Filtek One Bulk Fill-FOB, Sonic Fill 2-SFB, Zenit Nano Ceramic-ZNC, Gradia Plus Indirekt-GPI, Estelite Bulk Fill Flow-EBF), a giomer composite resin (Beautifil Flow Plus-BFP) a glass ionomer cement (Equia Forte HT Fil -EQF) and a hybrid ceramic (Vita Enamic-VE). Sixty-four cylindrical specimens (8 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness) were prepared for each restorative material. The specimens were divided into two groups according to whether or not polishing was applied and further solution subgroups (n= 8). Surface roughness of the samples were measured with a contact-type profilometer before and after immersed in different solutions and thermal aging, and average roughness values were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using the three-way analysis of variance test (p<0.05).
Results: It was determined that the material type, polishing method and immersing solution had a significant effect on the roughness change (p<0.05). Among the restorative materials, the highest roughness change (ΔRa) was found in Equia Forte HT, the lowest ΔRa value was found in EBF, GPI and Z250 groups (p<0.05). The highest roughness change was caused by cola and the lowest roughness change was observed in distilled water groups (p<0.05).
Conclusions: It was determined that the type of restorative material, polishing and aging and immersion solution had a significant effect on the roughness change.
Supporting Institution
Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi
Project Number
Project No: 2020-89
References
- 1. ADA Council on Scientific Affairs. Direct and indirect restorative materials. J Am Dent Assoc. 2003;134: 463-472.
- 2. Cvar JF, Ryge G. Reprint of criteria for the clinical evaluation of dental restorative materials. Clin Oral Investig. 2005;9: 215-232.
- 3. Heintze SD, Loguercio AD, Hanzen TA, Reis A, Rousson V. Clinical efficacy of resin-based direct posterior restorations and glass-ionomer restorations–An updated meta-analysis of clinical outcome parameters. Dental Materials, 2022;38(5):e109-e135.
- 4. Çarıkçıoğlu B. "The effect of coating material on the color stability of glass-ionomer-based restorative materials: An in-vitro study." Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 2022; 24(4), 386-394.
- 5. Sidhu SK, Nicholson JW. A review of glass-ionomer cements for clinical dentistry. JFB. 2016; 7(3): 16.
- 6. Furness A, Tadros M, Looney S, Rueggeberg F. Effect of bulk/incremental fill on internal gap formation of bulk-fill composites. J Dent. 2014; 42(4): 439-449.
- 7. Spitznagel Frank A, Sebastian D, Horvath DMD, Petra C. Guess DDS, Markus B. Blatz DMD, Resin Bond to Indirect Composite and New Ceramic/Polymer Materials: A Review of the Literature. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2014; 26(6): 359-421.
- 8. Özgünaltay G, Yazici AR, Görücü J. Effect of finishing and polishing procedures on the surface roughness of new tooth-coloured restoratives. JORHB. 2003; 30(2): 218-224.
- 9. Turssi CP, Saad J, Duarte Jr S, Rodrigues Jr, A. Composite surfaces after finishing and polishing techniques. Am J Dent. 2000; 13(3): 136-138.
- 10. Jefferies SR. Abrasive finishing and polishing in restorative dentistry: a state-of-the-art review. Dental Clinics of North America, 2007; 51(2): 379-397.
- 11. Aykent F, Yondem I, Ozyesil AG, Gunal SK, Avunduk MC, Ozkan S. Effect of different finishing techniques for restorative materials on surface roughness and bacterial adhesion. J Prosthet Dent. 2010; 103(4): 221-227.
- 12. Türkün L, Türkün M. The Effect of One-Step Polishing System on the Surface Roughness of Three Esthetic Resin Composite Materials. Oper Dent. 2004; 29(2): 203-211.
- 13. Kakaboura A, Fragouli M, Rahiotis C, Silikas N. Evaluation of surface characteristics of dental composites using profilometry, scanning electron, atomic force microscopy and gloss-meter. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 2007; 18(1): 155-163.
- 14. Rios D, Honório HM, Francisconi LF, Magalhães AC, de Andrade Moreira Machado MA, Buzalaf MA. In situ effect of an erosive challenge on different restorative materials and on enamel adjacent to these materials. J Dent. 2008; 36(2): 152-157.
- 15. Grippo JO, Simring M, Schreiner S. Attrition, abrasion, corrosion and abfraction revisited: A new perspective on tooth surface lesions. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 2004; 135(8): 1109-1118.
- 16. Wongkhantee S, Patanapiradej V, Maneenut C, Tantbirojn D. Effect of acidic food and drinks on surface hardness of enamel, dentine, and tooth-coloured filling materials. J Dent. 2006; 34(3):214-220.
- 17. Aytac F, Karaarslan ES, Agaccioglu M, Tastan E, Buldur M, Kuyucu E. Effects of novel finishing and polishing systems on surface roughness and morphology of nanocomposites. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2016; 28(4):247-261.
- 18. El-Badrawy W, McComb D, Wood R. Effect of home-use fluoride gels on glass ionomer and composite restorations. Dent Mater. 1993; 9(1): 63-67.
- 19. Yap A, Lye K, Sau C. Surface characteristics of tooth-colored restoratives polished utilizing different polishing systems. Oper Dent. 1997; 22:260-265.
- 20. Hao Y, Huang X, Zhou X, Li M, Ren B, Peng X, Cheng L. Influence of dental prosthesis and restorative materials interface on oral biofilms. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(10): 3157.
- 21. Borges MG, Soares CJ, Maia TS, Bicalho AA, Barbosa TP, Costa HL, Menezes MS. Effect of acidic drinks on shade matching, surface topography, and mechanical properties of conventional and bulk-fill composite resins. J Prosthet Dent. 2019; 121(5): 868-e1.
- 22. Gharechahi M, Moosavi H, Forghani M. Effect of surface roughness and materials composition. Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology. 2018; 3(04):541.
- 23. Ergücü Z, Türkün LS, Aladag A. Color stability of nanocomposites polished with one-step systems. Oper Dent. 2008; 33(4):413-420.
- 24. Ryba TM, Dunn WJ, Murchison DF. Surface roughness of various packable composites. Oper Dent. 2002;27(3):243-247.
- 25. Jones CS, Billington RW, Pearson GJ. The in vivo perception of roughness of restorations. Br Dent J. 2004;196(1):42-45.
- 26. Pacifici E, Bossù M, Giovannetti A, La Torre G, Guerra F, Polimeni A. Surface roughness of glass ionomer cements indicated for uncooperative patients according to surface protection treatment. Ann Stomatol. 2013; 4(3-4): 250.
- 27. Wu SS, Yap A, Chelvan S, Tan E. Effect of prophylaxis regimens on surface roughness of glass ionomer cements. Oper Dent. 2005: 30(2):180-184.
- 28. Özarslan MM, Büyükkaplan UŞ, Barutcigil Ç, Arslan M, Türker N, Barutcigil K. Effects of different surface finishing procedures on the change in surface roughness and color of a polymer infiltrated ceramic network material. J Adv Prosthodont. 2016; 8(1):16.
- 29. Wongkhantee S, Patanapiradej V, Maneenut C, Tantbirojn D. Effect of acidic food and drinks on surface hardness of enamel, dentine, and tooth-coloured filling materials. J Dent. 2006; 34(3):214-220.
- 30. Yap AU, Low JS, Ong LF. Effect of food-simulating liquids on surface characteristics of composite and polyacid-modified composite restoratives. Oper Dent. 2000; 25(3):170-176.
- 31. Hamouda IM. Effects of various beverages on hardness, roughness, and solubility of esthetic restorative materials. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2011; 23(5): 315-322.
- 32. Mustain SMB., Alkadhim AH, Fatah FA, Jaafar A. Effect of tropical fruit juices on surface roughness of tooth coloured restorative materials. J Dent Sci Res Ther. 2017; 26-29.
- 33. Sari ME, Erturk AG, Koyuturk AE, Bekdemir Y. Evaluation of the effect of food and beverages on enamel and restorative materials by SEM and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Microscopy Research and Technique. 2014; 77(1): 79-90.
- 34. Pimentel ES, França FMG, Turssi CP, Basting RT, Vieira-Junior WF. Effects of in vitro erosion on surface texture, microhardness, and color stability of resin composite with S-PRG fillers. Clinical Oral Investigations. 2023;27(7):3545-3556.
Posterior Bölgede Kullanılan Daimî Dolgu Materyallerinin Yaşlandırma Sonrası Yüzey Özelliklerinin Karşılaştırılması
Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı posterior bölgede kullanılan farklı restoratif materyallerin yüzey özelliklerine farklı polisaj sistemleri ve yaşlandırmanın etkisinin in vitro olarak değerlendirilmesidir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmada 6 farklı kompozit (Filtek Z250-Z250, Filtek One Bulk Fill-FOB, Sonic Fill 2-SFB, Zenit Nano Seramik-ZNC, Gradia Plus İndirekt-GPİ, Estelite Bulk Fill Flow-EBF), 2 farklı cam iyonomer siman (Equia Forte HT Fil -EQF, Beautifil Flow Plus-BFP), 1 hibrit seramik (Vita Enamic-VE) kullanılarak toplamda 576 adet örnek hazırlandı (n=8). Her bir restoratif materyalden 64 adet silindirik örnek elde edildi (çap: 8mm, kalınlık: 2mm). Örnekler 2 farklı polisaj yöntemi (Matris Bandı-MB, Kerr Occlubrush-KOB) ve sonrasında 4 farklı yaşlandırma solüsyonuna (distile su, kola, vişne suyu, soğuk çay) göre alt gruplara ayrıldı. Örneklerin yüzey pürüzlülüğü ölçümleri, farklı solüsyonlarda ve termalsiklusta bekletme öncesinde ve sonrasında profilometre cihazı ile yapıldı ve ortalama pürüzlülük değerleri kaydedildi. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen verilerin istatistiksel analizi Dört Yönlü-ANOVA ile yapıldı.
Bulgular: Materyal türü, polisaj yöntemi ve bekleme solüsyonunun pürüzlülük değişiminde anlamlı etkisi olduğu belirlendi (p<0,05). Restoratif materyaller arasında en yüksek pürüzlülük değişimi (ΔRa) Equia Forte HT'de, en düşük ΔRa değeri ise Estelite Bulk Fill, Gradia Plus İndirect ve Filtek Z250 gruplarında görüldü (p<0,05). İçecek grupları değerlendirildiğinde ise pürüzlülük değişimine en fazla kola, en az ise distile suyun neden olduğu görüldü (p<0,05).
Sonuçlar: Bu çalışmanın sonucunda restoratif materyallerin yüzey pürüzlülüğünü; restoratif materyalin cinsi, kullanılan polisaj yöntemleri ve asitli içeceklerin etkileyebileceği belirlendi.
Project Number
Project No: 2020-89
References
- 1. ADA Council on Scientific Affairs. Direct and indirect restorative materials. J Am Dent Assoc. 2003;134: 463-472.
- 2. Cvar JF, Ryge G. Reprint of criteria for the clinical evaluation of dental restorative materials. Clin Oral Investig. 2005;9: 215-232.
- 3. Heintze SD, Loguercio AD, Hanzen TA, Reis A, Rousson V. Clinical efficacy of resin-based direct posterior restorations and glass-ionomer restorations–An updated meta-analysis of clinical outcome parameters. Dental Materials, 2022;38(5):e109-e135.
- 4. Çarıkçıoğlu B. "The effect of coating material on the color stability of glass-ionomer-based restorative materials: An in-vitro study." Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 2022; 24(4), 386-394.
- 5. Sidhu SK, Nicholson JW. A review of glass-ionomer cements for clinical dentistry. JFB. 2016; 7(3): 16.
- 6. Furness A, Tadros M, Looney S, Rueggeberg F. Effect of bulk/incremental fill on internal gap formation of bulk-fill composites. J Dent. 2014; 42(4): 439-449.
- 7. Spitznagel Frank A, Sebastian D, Horvath DMD, Petra C. Guess DDS, Markus B. Blatz DMD, Resin Bond to Indirect Composite and New Ceramic/Polymer Materials: A Review of the Literature. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2014; 26(6): 359-421.
- 8. Özgünaltay G, Yazici AR, Görücü J. Effect of finishing and polishing procedures on the surface roughness of new tooth-coloured restoratives. JORHB. 2003; 30(2): 218-224.
- 9. Turssi CP, Saad J, Duarte Jr S, Rodrigues Jr, A. Composite surfaces after finishing and polishing techniques. Am J Dent. 2000; 13(3): 136-138.
- 10. Jefferies SR. Abrasive finishing and polishing in restorative dentistry: a state-of-the-art review. Dental Clinics of North America, 2007; 51(2): 379-397.
- 11. Aykent F, Yondem I, Ozyesil AG, Gunal SK, Avunduk MC, Ozkan S. Effect of different finishing techniques for restorative materials on surface roughness and bacterial adhesion. J Prosthet Dent. 2010; 103(4): 221-227.
- 12. Türkün L, Türkün M. The Effect of One-Step Polishing System on the Surface Roughness of Three Esthetic Resin Composite Materials. Oper Dent. 2004; 29(2): 203-211.
- 13. Kakaboura A, Fragouli M, Rahiotis C, Silikas N. Evaluation of surface characteristics of dental composites using profilometry, scanning electron, atomic force microscopy and gloss-meter. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 2007; 18(1): 155-163.
- 14. Rios D, Honório HM, Francisconi LF, Magalhães AC, de Andrade Moreira Machado MA, Buzalaf MA. In situ effect of an erosive challenge on different restorative materials and on enamel adjacent to these materials. J Dent. 2008; 36(2): 152-157.
- 15. Grippo JO, Simring M, Schreiner S. Attrition, abrasion, corrosion and abfraction revisited: A new perspective on tooth surface lesions. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 2004; 135(8): 1109-1118.
- 16. Wongkhantee S, Patanapiradej V, Maneenut C, Tantbirojn D. Effect of acidic food and drinks on surface hardness of enamel, dentine, and tooth-coloured filling materials. J Dent. 2006; 34(3):214-220.
- 17. Aytac F, Karaarslan ES, Agaccioglu M, Tastan E, Buldur M, Kuyucu E. Effects of novel finishing and polishing systems on surface roughness and morphology of nanocomposites. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2016; 28(4):247-261.
- 18. El-Badrawy W, McComb D, Wood R. Effect of home-use fluoride gels on glass ionomer and composite restorations. Dent Mater. 1993; 9(1): 63-67.
- 19. Yap A, Lye K, Sau C. Surface characteristics of tooth-colored restoratives polished utilizing different polishing systems. Oper Dent. 1997; 22:260-265.
- 20. Hao Y, Huang X, Zhou X, Li M, Ren B, Peng X, Cheng L. Influence of dental prosthesis and restorative materials interface on oral biofilms. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(10): 3157.
- 21. Borges MG, Soares CJ, Maia TS, Bicalho AA, Barbosa TP, Costa HL, Menezes MS. Effect of acidic drinks on shade matching, surface topography, and mechanical properties of conventional and bulk-fill composite resins. J Prosthet Dent. 2019; 121(5): 868-e1.
- 22. Gharechahi M, Moosavi H, Forghani M. Effect of surface roughness and materials composition. Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology. 2018; 3(04):541.
- 23. Ergücü Z, Türkün LS, Aladag A. Color stability of nanocomposites polished with one-step systems. Oper Dent. 2008; 33(4):413-420.
- 24. Ryba TM, Dunn WJ, Murchison DF. Surface roughness of various packable composites. Oper Dent. 2002;27(3):243-247.
- 25. Jones CS, Billington RW, Pearson GJ. The in vivo perception of roughness of restorations. Br Dent J. 2004;196(1):42-45.
- 26. Pacifici E, Bossù M, Giovannetti A, La Torre G, Guerra F, Polimeni A. Surface roughness of glass ionomer cements indicated for uncooperative patients according to surface protection treatment. Ann Stomatol. 2013; 4(3-4): 250.
- 27. Wu SS, Yap A, Chelvan S, Tan E. Effect of prophylaxis regimens on surface roughness of glass ionomer cements. Oper Dent. 2005: 30(2):180-184.
- 28. Özarslan MM, Büyükkaplan UŞ, Barutcigil Ç, Arslan M, Türker N, Barutcigil K. Effects of different surface finishing procedures on the change in surface roughness and color of a polymer infiltrated ceramic network material. J Adv Prosthodont. 2016; 8(1):16.
- 29. Wongkhantee S, Patanapiradej V, Maneenut C, Tantbirojn D. Effect of acidic food and drinks on surface hardness of enamel, dentine, and tooth-coloured filling materials. J Dent. 2006; 34(3):214-220.
- 30. Yap AU, Low JS, Ong LF. Effect of food-simulating liquids on surface characteristics of composite and polyacid-modified composite restoratives. Oper Dent. 2000; 25(3):170-176.
- 31. Hamouda IM. Effects of various beverages on hardness, roughness, and solubility of esthetic restorative materials. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2011; 23(5): 315-322.
- 32. Mustain SMB., Alkadhim AH, Fatah FA, Jaafar A. Effect of tropical fruit juices on surface roughness of tooth coloured restorative materials. J Dent Sci Res Ther. 2017; 26-29.
- 33. Sari ME, Erturk AG, Koyuturk AE, Bekdemir Y. Evaluation of the effect of food and beverages on enamel and restorative materials by SEM and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Microscopy Research and Technique. 2014; 77(1): 79-90.
- 34. Pimentel ES, França FMG, Turssi CP, Basting RT, Vieira-Junior WF. Effects of in vitro erosion on surface texture, microhardness, and color stability of resin composite with S-PRG fillers. Clinical Oral Investigations. 2023;27(7):3545-3556.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Restorative Dentistry |
| Journal Section | Original Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | Project No: 2020-89 |
| Publication Date | June 30, 2025 |
| Submission Date | February 19, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | May 30, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025Volume: 28 Issue: 2 |
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