Abstract
Objectives: Present study aimed to evaluate the roughening ability of different laser systems on the middle and apical third of roots.
Materials and Methods: Sixty extracted human single-rooted single canal mandibular premolar teeth were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n=20). Standardized preparation and sterilization procedures were performed. The samples were irradiated with Er:YAG, Nd:YAG, and KTP laser systems. The laser irradiations (1.5 Watt) were applied with a spiral motion, starting 1 mm short of the apex and then moving coronally for 10 sec, interleaved with 15-sec recovery intervals for each irradiation. This process was repeated twelve times. The roots that were standardized in the same length and thicknesses were divided parallel to the longitudinal axis. Then, the middle and apical 1/3 surface roughness values of each root section were measured using a profilometer and SEM analysis was performed. The data obtained were analyzed using the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post-hoc tests.
Results: According to measurements obtained from middle and apical 1/3 surfaces; Although, the statistically highest roughness value was determined after Nd:YAG laser (P < 0.05), the statistically lowest value was detected following the Er:YAG laser irradiation (P < 0.05).
Conclusions: In light of the present study, all laser systems caused significant roughness surface. Therefore, laser systems should be carefully applied in human root canals.
Keywords
References
- 1. Jezeršek M, Lukač N, Lukač M, Tenyi A, Olivi G, Fidler A. Measurement of Pressures Generated in Root Canal during Er:YAG Laser-Activated Irrigation. Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, Laser Surg 2020;38:625–631.
- 2. Phi R, Salimbeni R, Vannini M, Barone R, Clauser C. Laser Dentistry: A New Application of Excimer Laser in Root Canal Therapy. Lasers Surg Med 1989;9:352–357.
- 3. Tunaç AT, Şen BH. Endodontıḋ e lazer kullanimi 2010.
- 4. Sungurtekin E, Bani M, Öztaş N.. Mi̇ne pürüzlendıṙ me yöntemlerı. GÜ Diş Hė k Fak Derg 2009;26:189–194.
- 5. Meire MA, Coenye T, Nelis HJ, De Moor RJG. In vitro inactivation of endodontic pathogens with Nd:YAG and Er:YAG lasers. Lasers Med Sci 2012;27:695–701.
- 6. Akcay M, Arslan H, Mese M, Durmus N, Capar ID. Effect of photon-initiated photoacoustic streaming, passive ultrasonic, and sonic irrigation techniques on dentinal tubule penetration of irrigation solution: a confocal microscopic study. Clin Oral Investig 2017;21:2205–2212.
- 7. Stabholz A, Sahar-Helft S, Moshonov J. Lasers in endodontics. Dent Clin North Am 2004;48:809–832.
- 8. Pirnat S, Lukac M, Ihan A. Study of the direct bactericidal effect of Nd:YAG and diode laser parameters used in endodontics on pigmented and nonpigmented bacteria. Lasers Med Sci 2011;26:755–761.
- 9. Ramsköld LO, Fong CD, Strömberg T. Thermal effects and antibacterial properties of energy levels required to sterilize stained root canals with an Nd:YAG laser. J Endod 1997;23:96–100.
- 10. Murray BE. The life and times of the Enterococcus. Clin Microbiol Rev 1990;3:46–65.
- 11. Folwaczny M, Mehl A, Jordan C, Hickel R. Antibacterial Effects of Pulsed Nd : YAG Laser Root Canals. J Endod 2002;28:24–29.
- 12. Romanos G, Montanaro N, Sacks D, Miller R, Javed F, CalvoGuirado J, et al. Various Tip Applications and Temperature Changes of Er,Cr:YSGG-Laser Irradiated Implants In Vitro. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2017;37:387–392.
- 13. Sazak H, Türkmen C, Günday M. Effects of Nd: YAG laser, airabrasion and acid-etching on human enamel and dentin. Oper Dent 2001;26:476–481.
- 14. Hossain M, Nakamura Y, Yamada Y, Suzuki N, Murakami Y, Matsumoto K. Analysis of Surface Roughness of Enamel and Dentin after Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Irradiation. Https://HomeLiebertpubCom/Pho 2004;19:297–303.
- 15. Araki ÂT, Ibraki Y, Kawakami T, Luiz Lage-Marques J. Er:YAG Laser Irradiation of the Microbiological Apical Biofilm. Braz Dent J 2006;17:296-299.
- 16. Shoji S, Hariu H, Horiuchi H. Canal enlargement by Er:YAG Laser using a cone-shaped irradiation tip. J Endod 2000;26:454–458.
- 17. Hossain M, Nakamura Y, Yamada Y, Suzuki N, Murakami Y, Matsumoto K. Analysis of surface roughness of enamel and dentin after Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation. J Clin Laser Med Surg 2001;19:297–303.
- 18. Armengol V, Laboux O , Weiss P, Jean A, Hannel H. Effects of Er:YAG and Nd:YAP Laser Irradiation on the Surface Roughness and Free Surface Energy of Enamel and Dentin: An In Vitro Study. Oper Dent 2003;28:67–74.
Abstract
Amaç: Bu çalışma, köklerin orta ve apikal üçlüsünde farklı lazer sistemlerinin pürüzlendirme kabiliyetini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Altmış çekilmiş tek kök tek kanallı insan mandibular premolar dişler rastgele olarak 3 gruba ayrıldı (n=20). Standart preparasyon ve sterilizasyon prosedürleri uygulandı. Örnekler Er:YAG, Nd:YAG ve KTP lazer sistemleri ile ışınlandı. Lazerlerle ışınlama (1,5 Watt) apeksin 1mm yukarısından spiral hareketlerle başlanarak, koronale doğru 10sn boyunca uygulandı ve her ışınlama sonrası 15sn beklenildi. Bu prosedür 12 kez tekrarlandı. Eşit uzunluk ve kalınlıkta standardize edilen kökler dişin uzun aksına paralel olacak şekilde ayrıldı. Daha sonra, her kök kesitinin orta ve apikal 1/3 bölgelerinde meydana gelen yüzey pürüzlülük değerleri profilometer kullanılarak ölçüldü ve SEM analizi uygulandı. Elde edilen veriler, iki yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) ve Tukey post-hoc analiz testleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Orta ve apikal 1/3 yüzeylerinden elde edilen ölçüm sonuçlarına göre; istatistiksel olarak en yüksek pürüzlülük değeri Nd:YAG lazer sonrası tespit edilmesine rağmen (p<0,05), istatistiksel olarak en düşük değer Er:YAG lazer ışınlama sonrasında tespit edildi (p<0,05).
Sonuçlar: Bu çalışmanın ışığında, tüm lazer sistemleri önemli ölçüde yüzey pürüzlülüğüne neden oldular. Bu nedenle, lazer sistemleri insan kök kanallarında dikkatle uygulanmalıdır.
References
- 1. Jezeršek M, Lukač N, Lukač M, Tenyi A, Olivi G, Fidler A. Measurement of Pressures Generated in Root Canal during Er:YAG Laser-Activated Irrigation. Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, Laser Surg 2020;38:625–631.
- 2. Phi R, Salimbeni R, Vannini M, Barone R, Clauser C. Laser Dentistry: A New Application of Excimer Laser in Root Canal Therapy. Lasers Surg Med 1989;9:352–357.
- 3. Tunaç AT, Şen BH. Endodontıḋ e lazer kullanimi 2010.
- 4. Sungurtekin E, Bani M, Öztaş N.. Mi̇ne pürüzlendıṙ me yöntemlerı. GÜ Diş Hė k Fak Derg 2009;26:189–194.
- 5. Meire MA, Coenye T, Nelis HJ, De Moor RJG. In vitro inactivation of endodontic pathogens with Nd:YAG and Er:YAG lasers. Lasers Med Sci 2012;27:695–701.
- 6. Akcay M, Arslan H, Mese M, Durmus N, Capar ID. Effect of photon-initiated photoacoustic streaming, passive ultrasonic, and sonic irrigation techniques on dentinal tubule penetration of irrigation solution: a confocal microscopic study. Clin Oral Investig 2017;21:2205–2212.
- 7. Stabholz A, Sahar-Helft S, Moshonov J. Lasers in endodontics. Dent Clin North Am 2004;48:809–832.
- 8. Pirnat S, Lukac M, Ihan A. Study of the direct bactericidal effect of Nd:YAG and diode laser parameters used in endodontics on pigmented and nonpigmented bacteria. Lasers Med Sci 2011;26:755–761.
- 9. Ramsköld LO, Fong CD, Strömberg T. Thermal effects and antibacterial properties of energy levels required to sterilize stained root canals with an Nd:YAG laser. J Endod 1997;23:96–100.
- 10. Murray BE. The life and times of the Enterococcus. Clin Microbiol Rev 1990;3:46–65.
- 11. Folwaczny M, Mehl A, Jordan C, Hickel R. Antibacterial Effects of Pulsed Nd : YAG Laser Root Canals. J Endod 2002;28:24–29.
- 12. Romanos G, Montanaro N, Sacks D, Miller R, Javed F, CalvoGuirado J, et al. Various Tip Applications and Temperature Changes of Er,Cr:YSGG-Laser Irradiated Implants In Vitro. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2017;37:387–392.
- 13. Sazak H, Türkmen C, Günday M. Effects of Nd: YAG laser, airabrasion and acid-etching on human enamel and dentin. Oper Dent 2001;26:476–481.
- 14. Hossain M, Nakamura Y, Yamada Y, Suzuki N, Murakami Y, Matsumoto K. Analysis of Surface Roughness of Enamel and Dentin after Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Irradiation. Https://HomeLiebertpubCom/Pho 2004;19:297–303.
- 15. Araki ÂT, Ibraki Y, Kawakami T, Luiz Lage-Marques J. Er:YAG Laser Irradiation of the Microbiological Apical Biofilm. Braz Dent J 2006;17:296-299.
- 16. Shoji S, Hariu H, Horiuchi H. Canal enlargement by Er:YAG Laser using a cone-shaped irradiation tip. J Endod 2000;26:454–458.
- 17. Hossain M, Nakamura Y, Yamada Y, Suzuki N, Murakami Y, Matsumoto K. Analysis of surface roughness of enamel and dentin after Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation. J Clin Laser Med Surg 2001;19:297–303.
- 18. Armengol V, Laboux O , Weiss P, Jean A, Hannel H. Effects of Er:YAG and Nd:YAP Laser Irradiation on the Surface Roughness and Free Surface Energy of Enamel and Dentin: An In Vitro Study. Oper Dent 2003;28:67–74.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Original Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | March 26, 2023 |
| Submission Date | January 30, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023Volume: 26 Issue: 1 |
Cumhuriyet Dental Journal (Cumhuriyet Dent J, CDJ) is the official publication of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry. CDJ is an international journal dedicated to the latest advancement of dentistry. The aim of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments in different areas of dentistry. First issue of the Journal of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry was published in 1998. In 2010, journal's name was changed as Cumhuriyet Dental Journal. Journal’s publication language is English.
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