Evaluation of Color Stability and Remineralization Capacity of Dual Effect Desensitizing Agents on Bleached Enamel with Hydrogen Peroxide

Hanife Altınışık; Cemile Kedici Alp

doi:10.7126/cumudj.1228789

Research Article

Evaluation of Color Stability and Remineralization Capacity of Dual Effect Desensitizing Agents on Bleached Enamel with Hydrogen Peroxide

Year 2023, Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 47 - 53, 26.03.2023

Hanife Altınışık , Cemile Kedici Alp

https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1228789

Abstract

Objectives:To evaluate the effects of double-acting desensitized varnishes applied to bovine tooth enamel bleached with 40% hydrogen peroxide on enamel calcium and phosphorus content and color stability.
Materials and Methods:The coronal part of 10 newly extracted bovine teeth (approximately 10x12mm in size) was divided into 5 regions for mineral exchange measurements. Color change measurements of 50 newly extracted bovine teeth were divided into 5 groups. Group 1 unbleached (negative control group), Group 2 was bleached with 40%HP (positive control group), Groups 3,4 and 5 were treated MI varnish, Clinpro White and Profluoroid varnish after bleaching, respectively. Then, all groups were exposed to the tea solution and enamel color measurements were made using the CIE Lab method with spectrophotometer. Mineral change measurements were determined by EDS and morphological changes were observed using SEM. One-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD tests and Tamhane's tests were used for statistical analysis.
Results:The content of calcium and phosphorus in enamel were like No bleachingMI varnishClinpro WhiteProfluoroidBleaching. The most color stability after bleaching was determined in teeth which were applied MI varnish applied group ((P< .05). The color stability of Profluoroid and Clinpro White applied group were similar (P> .05). There was a statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of △L and △b averages (P< .05).
Conclusions:MI, Clinpro White and Profluoroid varnish used after bleaching were effective in preventing mineral loss from tooth enamel and reducing the susceptibility of tooth enamel to staining with tea.

Keywords

Bleaching, desensitizing agents, remineralization, SEM-EDS, color stability

References

1. Joiner A. Tooth colour: a review of the literature. Journal of dentistry. 2004; 32 Suppl 1:3-12.
2. Kihn PW. Vital tooth whitening. Dent Clin North Am. 2007; 51:319-331, viii.
3. Zantner C, Beheim-Schwarzbach N, Neumann K, Kielbassa AM. Surface microhardness of enamel after different home bleaching procedures. Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials. 2007; 23:243-250.
4. Kury M, Moura Antonialli F, LE SS, Pereira Machado Tabchoury C, Giannini M, Esteban Florez FL, et al. Effects of violet radiation and nonthermal atmospheric plasma on the mineral contents of enamel during in-office dental bleaching. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2020; 31:101848.
5. Rezende M, Ferri L, Kossatz S, Loguercio AD, Reis A. Combined Bleaching Technique Using Low and High Hydrogen Peroxide In-Office Bleaching Gel. Oper Dent. 2016; 41:388-396.
6. Mena-Serrano AP, Garcia E, Luque-Martinez I, Grande R, Loguercio AD, Reis A. A Single-Blind Randomized Trial About the Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide Concentration on Light-Activated Bleaching. Oper Dent. 2016; 41:455-464.
7. Rezende M, Coppla FM, Chemin K, Chibinski AC, Loguercio AD, Reis A. Tooth Sensitivity After Dental Bleaching With a Desensitizer-containing and a Desensitizer-free Bleaching Gel: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Oper Dent. 2019; 44:E58-e74.
8. Ferreira Sda S, Araújo JL, Morhy ON, Tapety CM, Youssef MN, Sobral MA. The effect of fluoride therapies on the morphology of bleached human dental enamel. Microsc Res Tech. 2011; 74:512-516.
9. Martin JM, de Almeida JB, Rosa EA, Soares P, Torno V, Rached RN, et al. Effect of fluoride therapies on the surface roughness of human enamel exposed to bleaching agents. Quintessence Int. 2010; 41:71-78.
10. Borges AB, Samezima LY, Fonseca LP, Yui KC, Borges AL, Torres CR. Influence of potentially remineralizing agents on bleached enamel microhardness. Oper Dent. 2009; 34:593-597.
11. Potocnik I, Kosec L, Gaspersic D. Effect of 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel on enamel microhardness, microstructure, and mineral content. Journal of endodontics. 2000; 26:203-206.
12. China AL, Souza NM, Gomes Ydo S, Alexandrino LD, Silva CM. Effect of fluoride gels on microhardness and surface roughness of bleached enamel. Open Dent J. 2014; 8:188-193.
13. Yesilyurt C, Sezer U, Ayar MK, Alp CK, Tasdemir T. The effect of a new calcium-based agent, Pro-Argin, on the microhardness of bleached enamel surface. Australian dental journal. 2013; 58:207-212.
14. Rirattanapong P, Vongsavan K, Saengsirinavin C, Pornmahala T. Effect of fluoride varnishes containing tri-calcium phosphate sources on remineralization of initial primary enamel lesions. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2014; 45:499-504.
15. Elkassas D, Arafa A. Remineralizing efficacy of different calcium-phosphate and fluoride based delivery vehicles on artificial caries like enamel lesions. Journal of dentistry. 2014; 42:466-474.
16. Reynolds EC, Cai F, Shen P, Walker GD. Retention in plaque and remineralization of enamel lesions by various forms of calcium in a mouthrinse or sugar-free chewing gum. Journal of dental research. 2003; 82:206-211.
17. Nanjundasetty JK, Ashrafulla M. Efficacy of desensitizing agents on postoperative sensitivity following an in-office vital tooth bleaching: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Journal of conservative dentistry : JCD. 2016; 19:207-211.
18. Heshmat H, Ganjkar MH, Jaberi S, Fard MJ. The effect of remin pro and MI paste plus on bleached enamel surface roughness. Journal of dentistry (Tehran, Iran). 2014; 11:131-136.
19. Haywood VB. History, safety, and effectiveness of current bleaching techniques and applications of the nightguard vital bleaching technique. Quintessence Int. 1992; 23:471-488.
20. Miranda CB, Pagani C, Benetti AR, Matuda Fda S. Evaluation of the bleached human enamel by Scanning Electron Microscopy. J Appl Oral Sci. 2005; 13:204-211.
21. Oltu U, Gürgan S. Effects of three concentrations of carbamide peroxide on the structure of enamel. J Oral Rehabil. 2000; 27:332-240.
22. Al-Salehi SK, Wood DJ, Hatton PV. The effect of 24h non-stop hydrogen peroxide concentration on bovine enamel and dentine mineral content and microhardness. Journal of dentistry. 2007; 35:845-850.
23. Grazioli G, Valente LL, Isolan CP, Pinheiro HA, Duarte CG, Münchow EA. Bleaching and enamel surface interactions resulting from the use of highly-concentrated bleaching gels. Arch Oral Biol. 2018; 87:157-262.
24. Basting RT, Rodrigues AL, Jr., Serra MC. The effects of seven carbamide peroxide bleaching agents on enamel microhardness over time. J Am Dent Assoc. 2003; 134:1335-1342.
25. Vargas-Koudriavtsev T, Herrera-Sancho Ó A. Effect of tooth-bleaching on the carbonate concentration in dental enamel by Raman spectroscopy. J Clin Exp Dent. 2017; 9:e101-e106.
26. Cochrane NJ, Shen P, Yuan Y, Reynolds EC. Ion release from calcium and fluoride containing dental varnishes. Australian dental journal. 2014; 59:100-105.
27. Memarpour M, Soltanimehr E, Sattarahmady N. Efficacy of calcium- and fluoride-containing materials for the remineralization of primary teeth with early enamel lesion. Microsc Res Tech. 2015; 78:801-806.
28. Rani KB, Ramanna PK, Mailankote S, Joy AK, Thomas AA, Baby M. Evaluation of Anticaries Efficacy of Various Fluoride Varnishes on Artificial Enamel Lesion: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2021; 22:774-777.
29. Zhou SL, Zhou J, Watanabe S, Watanabe K, Wen LY, Xuan K. In vitro study of the effects of fluoride-releasing dental materials on remineralization in an enamel erosion model. Journal of dentistry. 2012; 40:255-263.
30. Alamoudi SA, Pani SC, Alomari M. The effect of the addition of tricalcium phosphate to 5% sodium fluoride varnishes on the microhardness of enamel of primary teeth. Int J Dent. 2013; 2013:486358.
31. Shen P, Bagheri R, Walker GD, Yuan Y, Stanton DP, Reynolds C, et al. Effect of calcium phosphate addition to fluoride containing dental varnishes on enamel demineralization. Australian dental journal. 2016; 61:357-365.
32. Singh RD, Ram SM, Shetty O, Chand P, Yadav R. Efficacy of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate to prevent stain absorption on freshly bleached enamel: An in vitro study. Journal of conservative dentistry : JCD. 2010; 13:76-79.
33. Karadas M, Seven N. The effect of different drinks on tooth color after home bleaching. Eur J Dent. 2014; 8:249-253.
34. Amorim AA, de Arruda CNF, Vivanco RG, Bikker F, de Pires-de-Souza FCP. Effect of phytosphingosine on staining resistance and microhardness of tooth enamel. Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry [et al]. 2021; 33:294-302.
35. Wiegand A, Drebenstedt S, Roos M, Magalhães AC, Attin T. 12-month color stability of enamel, dentine, and enamel-dentine samples after bleaching. Clinical oral investigations. 2008; 12:303-310.
36. Alaghemand H, Hashemi Kamangar SS, Zarenegad N, Tabari N, Abedi H, Khafri S. In-Vitro Effect of Casein Phosphopeptide Amorphous Calcium Phosphate on Enamel Susceptibility to Staining by Tea during Bleaching Treatment. Journal of dentistry (Tehran, Iran). 2015; 12:607-613.
37. Públio JC, D'Arce MB, Brunharo NM, Ambrosano GM, Aguiar FH, Lovadino JR, et al. Influence of surface treatments on enamel susceptibility to staining by cigarette smoke. J Clin Exp Dent. 2013; 5:e163-8.
38. Chen YH, Yang S, Hong DW, Attin T, Yu H. Short-term effects of stain-causing beverages on tooth bleaching: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Journal of dentistry. 2020; 95:103318.

Year 2023, Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 47 - 53, 26.03.2023

Hanife Altınışık , Cemile Kedici Alp

https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1228789

Abstract

Keywords

Bleaching, desensitizing agents, remineralization, SEM-EDS, color stability

References

1. Joiner A. Tooth colour: a review of the literature. Journal of dentistry. 2004; 32 Suppl 1:3-12.
2. Kihn PW. Vital tooth whitening. Dent Clin North Am. 2007; 51:319-331, viii.
3. Zantner C, Beheim-Schwarzbach N, Neumann K, Kielbassa AM. Surface microhardness of enamel after different home bleaching procedures. Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials. 2007; 23:243-250.
4. Kury M, Moura Antonialli F, LE SS, Pereira Machado Tabchoury C, Giannini M, Esteban Florez FL, et al. Effects of violet radiation and nonthermal atmospheric plasma on the mineral contents of enamel during in-office dental bleaching. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2020; 31:101848.
5. Rezende M, Ferri L, Kossatz S, Loguercio AD, Reis A. Combined Bleaching Technique Using Low and High Hydrogen Peroxide In-Office Bleaching Gel. Oper Dent. 2016; 41:388-396.
6. Mena-Serrano AP, Garcia E, Luque-Martinez I, Grande R, Loguercio AD, Reis A. A Single-Blind Randomized Trial About the Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide Concentration on Light-Activated Bleaching. Oper Dent. 2016; 41:455-464.
7. Rezende M, Coppla FM, Chemin K, Chibinski AC, Loguercio AD, Reis A. Tooth Sensitivity After Dental Bleaching With a Desensitizer-containing and a Desensitizer-free Bleaching Gel: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Oper Dent. 2019; 44:E58-e74.
8. Ferreira Sda S, Araújo JL, Morhy ON, Tapety CM, Youssef MN, Sobral MA. The effect of fluoride therapies on the morphology of bleached human dental enamel. Microsc Res Tech. 2011; 74:512-516.
9. Martin JM, de Almeida JB, Rosa EA, Soares P, Torno V, Rached RN, et al. Effect of fluoride therapies on the surface roughness of human enamel exposed to bleaching agents. Quintessence Int. 2010; 41:71-78.
10. Borges AB, Samezima LY, Fonseca LP, Yui KC, Borges AL, Torres CR. Influence of potentially remineralizing agents on bleached enamel microhardness. Oper Dent. 2009; 34:593-597.
11. Potocnik I, Kosec L, Gaspersic D. Effect of 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching gel on enamel microhardness, microstructure, and mineral content. Journal of endodontics. 2000; 26:203-206.
12. China AL, Souza NM, Gomes Ydo S, Alexandrino LD, Silva CM. Effect of fluoride gels on microhardness and surface roughness of bleached enamel. Open Dent J. 2014; 8:188-193.
13. Yesilyurt C, Sezer U, Ayar MK, Alp CK, Tasdemir T. The effect of a new calcium-based agent, Pro-Argin, on the microhardness of bleached enamel surface. Australian dental journal. 2013; 58:207-212.
14. Rirattanapong P, Vongsavan K, Saengsirinavin C, Pornmahala T. Effect of fluoride varnishes containing tri-calcium phosphate sources on remineralization of initial primary enamel lesions. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2014; 45:499-504.
15. Elkassas D, Arafa A. Remineralizing efficacy of different calcium-phosphate and fluoride based delivery vehicles on artificial caries like enamel lesions. Journal of dentistry. 2014; 42:466-474.
16. Reynolds EC, Cai F, Shen P, Walker GD. Retention in plaque and remineralization of enamel lesions by various forms of calcium in a mouthrinse or sugar-free chewing gum. Journal of dental research. 2003; 82:206-211.
17. Nanjundasetty JK, Ashrafulla M. Efficacy of desensitizing agents on postoperative sensitivity following an in-office vital tooth bleaching: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Journal of conservative dentistry : JCD. 2016; 19:207-211.
18. Heshmat H, Ganjkar MH, Jaberi S, Fard MJ. The effect of remin pro and MI paste plus on bleached enamel surface roughness. Journal of dentistry (Tehran, Iran). 2014; 11:131-136.
19. Haywood VB. History, safety, and effectiveness of current bleaching techniques and applications of the nightguard vital bleaching technique. Quintessence Int. 1992; 23:471-488.
20. Miranda CB, Pagani C, Benetti AR, Matuda Fda S. Evaluation of the bleached human enamel by Scanning Electron Microscopy. J Appl Oral Sci. 2005; 13:204-211.
21. Oltu U, Gürgan S. Effects of three concentrations of carbamide peroxide on the structure of enamel. J Oral Rehabil. 2000; 27:332-240.
22. Al-Salehi SK, Wood DJ, Hatton PV. The effect of 24h non-stop hydrogen peroxide concentration on bovine enamel and dentine mineral content and microhardness. Journal of dentistry. 2007; 35:845-850.
23. Grazioli G, Valente LL, Isolan CP, Pinheiro HA, Duarte CG, Münchow EA. Bleaching and enamel surface interactions resulting from the use of highly-concentrated bleaching gels. Arch Oral Biol. 2018; 87:157-262.
24. Basting RT, Rodrigues AL, Jr., Serra MC. The effects of seven carbamide peroxide bleaching agents on enamel microhardness over time. J Am Dent Assoc. 2003; 134:1335-1342.
25. Vargas-Koudriavtsev T, Herrera-Sancho Ó A. Effect of tooth-bleaching on the carbonate concentration in dental enamel by Raman spectroscopy. J Clin Exp Dent. 2017; 9:e101-e106.
26. Cochrane NJ, Shen P, Yuan Y, Reynolds EC. Ion release from calcium and fluoride containing dental varnishes. Australian dental journal. 2014; 59:100-105.
27. Memarpour M, Soltanimehr E, Sattarahmady N. Efficacy of calcium- and fluoride-containing materials for the remineralization of primary teeth with early enamel lesion. Microsc Res Tech. 2015; 78:801-806.
28. Rani KB, Ramanna PK, Mailankote S, Joy AK, Thomas AA, Baby M. Evaluation of Anticaries Efficacy of Various Fluoride Varnishes on Artificial Enamel Lesion: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2021; 22:774-777.
29. Zhou SL, Zhou J, Watanabe S, Watanabe K, Wen LY, Xuan K. In vitro study of the effects of fluoride-releasing dental materials on remineralization in an enamel erosion model. Journal of dentistry. 2012; 40:255-263.
30. Alamoudi SA, Pani SC, Alomari M. The effect of the addition of tricalcium phosphate to 5% sodium fluoride varnishes on the microhardness of enamel of primary teeth. Int J Dent. 2013; 2013:486358.
31. Shen P, Bagheri R, Walker GD, Yuan Y, Stanton DP, Reynolds C, et al. Effect of calcium phosphate addition to fluoride containing dental varnishes on enamel demineralization. Australian dental journal. 2016; 61:357-365.
32. Singh RD, Ram SM, Shetty O, Chand P, Yadav R. Efficacy of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate to prevent stain absorption on freshly bleached enamel: An in vitro study. Journal of conservative dentistry : JCD. 2010; 13:76-79.
33. Karadas M, Seven N. The effect of different drinks on tooth color after home bleaching. Eur J Dent. 2014; 8:249-253.
34. Amorim AA, de Arruda CNF, Vivanco RG, Bikker F, de Pires-de-Souza FCP. Effect of phytosphingosine on staining resistance and microhardness of tooth enamel. Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry [et al]. 2021; 33:294-302.
35. Wiegand A, Drebenstedt S, Roos M, Magalhães AC, Attin T. 12-month color stability of enamel, dentine, and enamel-dentine samples after bleaching. Clinical oral investigations. 2008; 12:303-310.
36. Alaghemand H, Hashemi Kamangar SS, Zarenegad N, Tabari N, Abedi H, Khafri S. In-Vitro Effect of Casein Phosphopeptide Amorphous Calcium Phosphate on Enamel Susceptibility to Staining by Tea during Bleaching Treatment. Journal of dentistry (Tehran, Iran). 2015; 12:607-613.
37. Públio JC, D'Arce MB, Brunharo NM, Ambrosano GM, Aguiar FH, Lovadino JR, et al. Influence of surface treatments on enamel susceptibility to staining by cigarette smoke. J Clin Exp Dent. 2013; 5:e163-8.
38. Chen YH, Yang S, Hong DW, Attin T, Yu H. Short-term effects of stain-causing beverages on tooth bleaching: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Journal of dentistry. 2020; 95:103318.

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Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Health Care Administration
Journal Section	Original Research Articles
Authors	Hanife Altınışık 0000-0001-7430-4750 Cemile Kedici Alp 0000-0002-1847-1367
Publication Date	March 26, 2023
Submission Date	January 3, 2023
Published in Issue	Year 2023Volume: 26 Issue: 1

Cite

EndNote	Altınışık H, Kedici Alp C (March 1, 2023) Evaluation of Color Stability and Remineralization Capacity of Dual Effect Desensitizing Agents on Bleached Enamel with Hydrogen Peroxide. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 26 1 47–53.

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Cumhuriyet Dental Journal (Cumhuriyet Dent J, CDJ) is the official publication of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry. CDJ is an international journal dedicated to the latest advancement of dentistry. The aim of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments in different areas of dentistry. First issue of the Journal of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry was published in 1998. In 2010, journal's name was changed as Cumhuriyet Dental Journal. Journal’s publication language is English.

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