Review
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Year 2021, Volume: 24 Issue: 4, 448 - 461, 03.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.974945

Abstract

References

  • 1. Saxena S, Pramod BJ, Dayananda BC, Nagaraju K. Design, architecture and application of nanorobotics in oncology. Indian J Cancer. 2015;52(2):236-41.
  • 2. Bayda S, Adeel M, Tuccinardi T, Cordani M, Rizzolio F. The History of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology: From Chemical-Physical Applications to Nanomedicine. Molecules. 2019;25(1):112.
  • 3. Cavalcanti A, Shirinzadeh B, Zhang M, Kretly LC. Nanorobot Hardware Architecture for Medical Defense. Sensors (Basel). 2008 May 6;8(5):2932-2958. 4. Iqbal P, Preece JA, Mendes PM. Nanotechnology: The “Top‐Down” and “Bottom‐Up” Approaches. Supramolecular chemistry: from molecules to nanomaterials. 2012 Mar 15.
  • 5. Laurent S, Forge D, Port M, Roch A, Robic C, Vander Elst L, Muller RN. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: synthesis, stabilization, vectorization, physicochemical characterizations, and biological applications. Chemical reviews. 2008;108(6):2064-110.
  • 6. Shin WK, Cho J, Kannan AG, Lee YS, Kim DW. Cross-linked Composite Gel Polymer Electrolyte using Mesoporous Methacrylate-Functionalized SiO2 Nanoparticles for Lithium-Ion Polymer Batteries. Sci Rep. 2016;6:26332.
  • 7. Khan I, Saeed K, Khan I. Nanoparticles: Properties, applications and toxicities. Arab. J. Chem.. 2019;12(7):908-31.
  • 8. Dolev S, Narayanan RP, Rosenblit M. Design of nanorobots for exposing cancer cells. Nanotechnology. 2019;30(31):315501.
  • 9. Cavalcanti A, Shirinzadeh B, Freitas RA Jr, Kretly LC. Medical nanorobot architecture based on nanobioelectronics. Recent Pat Nanotechnol. 2007;1(1):1-10.
  • 10. Tan A, Jeyaraj R, De Lacey SF. Nanotechnology in neurosurgical oncology. In Nanotechnology in Cancer 2017 Jan 1 (pp. 139-170). William Andrew Publishing.
  • 11. X.J. Li, Yu Zhou Controlled drug delivery using microfluidic devices, In Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials, ch-Microfluidic Devices for Biomedical Applications,Woodhead Publishing,2013,Pages 167-185e
  • 12. Van Bael S, Kerckhofs G, Moesen M, Pyka G, Schrooten J, Kruth JP. Micro-CT-based improvement of geometrical and mechanical controllability of selective laser melted Ti6Al4V porous structures. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2011;528(24):7423-31.
  • 13. Yao C, Perla V, McKenzie JL, Slamovich EB, Webster TJ. Anodized Ti and Ti6Al4V possessing nanometer surface features enhances osteoblast adhesion. J. Biomed. Nanotech. 2005;1(1):68-73.
  • 14. Harvey EJ, Henderson JE, Vengallatore ST. Nanotechnology and bone healing. J. Orthop. Trauma. 2010;24:S25-30.
  • 15. Khan ZA, Jhingran R, Bains VK, Madan R, Srivastava R, Rizvi I. Evaluation of peri-implant tissues around nanopore surface implants with or without platelet rich fibrin: a clinico-radiographic study. Biomed Mater 2018;13(2):025002.
  • 16. Canullo L, Sisti A. Early implant loading after vertical ridge augmentation (VRA) using e-PTFE titanium-reinforced membrane and nano-structured hydroxyapatite: 2-year prospective study. Eur J Oral Implantol. 2010;3(1):59-69.
  • 17. Stylios G, Wan T, Giannoudis P. Present status and future potential of enhancing bone healing using nanotechnology. Injury. 2007;38(1):S63-74.
  • 18. Funda G, Taschieri S, Bruno GA, Grecchi E, Paolo S, Girolamo D, Del Fabbro M. Nanotechnology scaffolds for alveolar bone regeneration. Materials. 2020;13(1):201.
  • 19. Chun AL, Moralez JG, Webster TJ, Fenniri H. Helical rosette nanotubes: a biomimetic coating for orthopedics?. Biomaterials. 2005;26(35):7304-9.
  • 20. West NX, Lussi A, Seong J, Hellwig E. Dentin hypersensitivity: pain mechanisms and aetiology of exposed cervical dentin. Clin Oral Investig. 2013 Mar;17 Suppl 1:S9-19.
  • 21. Sumit M, Gurtu A, Singhal A, Mehrotra A. “Nanotechnology: its implications in conservative dentistry and endodontics. J Dent Sci J DENT SCI. 2013;9-13.
  • 22. Low SB, Allen EP, Kontogiorgos ED. Reduction in dental hypersensitivity with nano-hydroxyapatite, potassium nitrate, sodium monoflurophosphate and antioxidants. Open Dent J. 2015(9):92.
  • 23. Fernando JR, Shen P, Sim CP, Chen YY, Walker GD, Yuan Y, Reynolds C, Stanton DP, MacRae CM, Reynolds EC. Self-assembly of dental surface nanofilaments and remineralisation by SnF 2 and CPP-ACP nanocomplexes. Sci. Rep. 2019;9(1):1-0.
  • 24. Vano M, Derchi G, Barone A, Covani U. Effectiveness of nano-hydroxyapatite toothpaste in reducing dentin hypersensitivity: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Quintessence Int.. 2014;45(8).
  • 25. Verma S, Chevvuri R, Sharma H. Nanotechnology in dentistry: Unleashing the hidden gems. J. Indian Soc. Periodontol. 2018;22(3):196.
  • 26. Li Y, Zhao H, Duan LR, Li H, Yang Q, Tu HH, Cao W, Wang SW. Preparation, characterization and evaluation of bufalin liposomes coated with citrus pectin. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 2014;444:54-62.
  • 27. Moradkhani MR, Karimi A, Negahdari B. Nanotechnology application to local anaesthesia (LA). Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2018;46(2):355-60.
  • 28. . Richard BM, Newton P, Ott LR, Haan D, Brubaker AN, Cole PI, Ross PE, Rebelatto MC, Nelson KG. The Safety of EXPAREL ® (Bupivacaine Liposome Injectable Suspension) Administered by Peripheral Nerve Block in Rabbits and Dogs. J Drug Deliv. 2012;2012:962101.
  • 29. Karthikeyan Subramani, Waqar Ahmed, James K Hartsfield Jr. Nanobiomaterials in Clinical Dentistry: 1st Edition(Elsevier, 2012).
  • 30. Türkün Ş, Uzer Çelik E. One-year clinical performance of compomer and nanofill composite restorations applied with an antibacterial adhesive. Acta Odontol. Turc.2007; 1. 2007
  • 31. Xie X, Wang L, Xing D, Arola DD, Weir MD, Bai Y, Xu HH. Protein-repellent and antibacterial functions of a calcium phosphate rechargeable nanocomposite. J Dent. 2016;52:15-22.
  • 32. Melo MA, Codes BM, Passos VF, Lima JP, Rodrigues LK. In situ response of nanostructured hybrid fluoridated restorative composites on enamel demineralization, surface roughness and ion release. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent. 2014;22(4):185-90.
  • 33. Van Dijken JW, Pallesen U. A randomized 10-year prospective follow-up of Class II nanohybrid and conventional hybrid resin composite restorations. J Adhes Dent. 2014;16(6):585-92.
  • 34. Qin W, Song Z, Ye YY, Lin ZM. Two-year clinical evaluation of composite resins in non-carious cervical lesions. Clin Oral Investig. 2013 Apr;17(3):799-804.
  • 35. Candan U, Eronat N, Onçağ O. Clinical performance of fiber-reinforced nanofilled resin composite in extensively carious posterior teeth of children: 30-month evaluation. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2013;38(1):1-6.
  • 36. Cheng L, Weir MD, Xu HH, Antonucci JM, Lin NJ, Lin-Gibson S, Xu SM, Zhou X. Effect of amorphous calcium phosphate and silver nanocomposites on dental plaque microcosm biofilms. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2012 Jul;100(5):1378-86.
  • 37. Taha DG, Abdel-Samad AA, Mahmoud SH. Fracture resistance of maxillary premolars with Class II MOD cavities restored with ormocer, nanofilled, and nanoceramic composite restorative systems. Quintessence Int. 2011;42(7).
  • 38. Raj V, Mumjitha MS. Formation and surface characterization of nanostructured Al 2 O 3-TiO 2 coatings. Bull. Mater. Sci. 2014;37(6):1411-8.
  • 39. Cooper CA, Ravich D, Lips D, Mayer J, Wagner HD. Distribution and alignment of carbon nanotubes and nanofibrils in a polymer matrix. COMPOS SCI TECHNOL. 2002;62(7-8):1105-12.
  • 40. Beyth N, Houri-Haddad Y, Baraness-Hadar L, Yudovin-Farber I, Domb AJ, Weiss EI. Surface antimicrobial activity and biocompatibility of incorporated polyethylenimine nanoparticles. Biomaterials. 2008;29(31):4157-63.
  • 41. Zoufan K, Jiang J, Komabayashi T, Wang YH, Safavi KE, Zhu Q. Cytotoxicity evaluation of Gutta Flow and Endo Sequence BC sealers. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2011;112(5):657-61.
  • 42. Abramovitz I, Beyth N, Weinberg G, Borenstein A, Polak D, Kesler-Shvero D, Houri-Haddad Y. In vitro biocompatibility of endodontic sealers incorporating antibacterial nanoparticles. J. Nanomater. 2012;2012.
  • 43. Ahmed Z, Mohamed K, Zeeshan S, Dong X. Artificial intelligence with multi-functional machine learning platform development for better healthcare and precision medicine. Database (Oxford). 2020;2020:baaa010.
  • 44. IBM Watson for Oncology (2019). www.ibm.com/in-en/marketplace/clinical-decision-support-oncology Google Scholar.
  • 45. Wang H, Lee DK, Chen KY, Chen JY, Zhang K, Silva A, Ho CM, Ho D. Mechanism-independent optimization of combinatorial nanodiamond and unmodified drug delivery using a phenotypically driven platform technology. ACS nano. 2015;9(3):3332-44.
  • 46. Shin MD, Shukla S, Chung YH, Beiss V, Chan SK, Ortega-Rivera OA, Wirth DM, Chen A, Sack M, Pokorski JK, Steinmetz NF. COVID-19 vaccine development and a potential nanomaterial path forward. Nat Nanotechnol. 2020;(8):646-655.
  • 47. Polack FP, Thomas SJ, Kitchin N, Absalon J, Gurtman A, Lockhart S, Perez JL, Pérez Marc G, Moreira ED, Zerbini C, Bailey R, Swanson KA, Roychoudhury S, Koury K, Li P, Kalina WV, Cooper D, Frenck RW Jr, Hammitt LL, Türeci Ö, Nell H, Schaefer A, Ünal S, Tresnan DB, Mather S, Dormitzer PR, Şahin U, Jansen KU, Gruber WC; C4591001 Clinical Trial Group. Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(27):2603-2615.

AN EXPLORATORY REVIEW OF CURRENT TRENDS IN NANODENTISTRY

Year 2021, Volume: 24 Issue: 4, 448 - 461, 03.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.974945

Abstract

Nanotechnology is a cutting-edge concept that is evolving manifolds in various fields of science and medicine and is by no means exceptional to dentistry. Nanotechnology is popularly known as the ‘science of the small’ that deals with particles of size 1-10nm. Methods like top-down or bottom-up approaches are used in manufacturing nanoparticles and nanorobots, catering to the needs of medical diagnostics and therapeutics. Nanorobotics advances medicine through miniaturization from microelectronics to nanoelectronics. Nanotechnology can be applied to all fields of dentistry such as to create nano implants, nano-drug delivery systems, nanocomposites and nano impression materials. Additionally, it helps in orthodontic tooth movement, alleviating hypersensitivity, and effective anesthesia. This paper highlights the various applications of nanotechnology in dentistry and also mentions the clinical trials performed to have a more focused approach to practicing nanodentistry. Apart from this the paper briefly explains the benefits of integrating artificial intelligence and nanotechnology for creating more personalized treatment options and also its role in Covid 19 vaccines.

References

  • 1. Saxena S, Pramod BJ, Dayananda BC, Nagaraju K. Design, architecture and application of nanorobotics in oncology. Indian J Cancer. 2015;52(2):236-41.
  • 2. Bayda S, Adeel M, Tuccinardi T, Cordani M, Rizzolio F. The History of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology: From Chemical-Physical Applications to Nanomedicine. Molecules. 2019;25(1):112.
  • 3. Cavalcanti A, Shirinzadeh B, Zhang M, Kretly LC. Nanorobot Hardware Architecture for Medical Defense. Sensors (Basel). 2008 May 6;8(5):2932-2958. 4. Iqbal P, Preece JA, Mendes PM. Nanotechnology: The “Top‐Down” and “Bottom‐Up” Approaches. Supramolecular chemistry: from molecules to nanomaterials. 2012 Mar 15.
  • 5. Laurent S, Forge D, Port M, Roch A, Robic C, Vander Elst L, Muller RN. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: synthesis, stabilization, vectorization, physicochemical characterizations, and biological applications. Chemical reviews. 2008;108(6):2064-110.
  • 6. Shin WK, Cho J, Kannan AG, Lee YS, Kim DW. Cross-linked Composite Gel Polymer Electrolyte using Mesoporous Methacrylate-Functionalized SiO2 Nanoparticles for Lithium-Ion Polymer Batteries. Sci Rep. 2016;6:26332.
  • 7. Khan I, Saeed K, Khan I. Nanoparticles: Properties, applications and toxicities. Arab. J. Chem.. 2019;12(7):908-31.
  • 8. Dolev S, Narayanan RP, Rosenblit M. Design of nanorobots for exposing cancer cells. Nanotechnology. 2019;30(31):315501.
  • 9. Cavalcanti A, Shirinzadeh B, Freitas RA Jr, Kretly LC. Medical nanorobot architecture based on nanobioelectronics. Recent Pat Nanotechnol. 2007;1(1):1-10.
  • 10. Tan A, Jeyaraj R, De Lacey SF. Nanotechnology in neurosurgical oncology. In Nanotechnology in Cancer 2017 Jan 1 (pp. 139-170). William Andrew Publishing.
  • 11. X.J. Li, Yu Zhou Controlled drug delivery using microfluidic devices, In Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials, ch-Microfluidic Devices for Biomedical Applications,Woodhead Publishing,2013,Pages 167-185e
  • 12. Van Bael S, Kerckhofs G, Moesen M, Pyka G, Schrooten J, Kruth JP. Micro-CT-based improvement of geometrical and mechanical controllability of selective laser melted Ti6Al4V porous structures. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2011;528(24):7423-31.
  • 13. Yao C, Perla V, McKenzie JL, Slamovich EB, Webster TJ. Anodized Ti and Ti6Al4V possessing nanometer surface features enhances osteoblast adhesion. J. Biomed. Nanotech. 2005;1(1):68-73.
  • 14. Harvey EJ, Henderson JE, Vengallatore ST. Nanotechnology and bone healing. J. Orthop. Trauma. 2010;24:S25-30.
  • 15. Khan ZA, Jhingran R, Bains VK, Madan R, Srivastava R, Rizvi I. Evaluation of peri-implant tissues around nanopore surface implants with or without platelet rich fibrin: a clinico-radiographic study. Biomed Mater 2018;13(2):025002.
  • 16. Canullo L, Sisti A. Early implant loading after vertical ridge augmentation (VRA) using e-PTFE titanium-reinforced membrane and nano-structured hydroxyapatite: 2-year prospective study. Eur J Oral Implantol. 2010;3(1):59-69.
  • 17. Stylios G, Wan T, Giannoudis P. Present status and future potential of enhancing bone healing using nanotechnology. Injury. 2007;38(1):S63-74.
  • 18. Funda G, Taschieri S, Bruno GA, Grecchi E, Paolo S, Girolamo D, Del Fabbro M. Nanotechnology scaffolds for alveolar bone regeneration. Materials. 2020;13(1):201.
  • 19. Chun AL, Moralez JG, Webster TJ, Fenniri H. Helical rosette nanotubes: a biomimetic coating for orthopedics?. Biomaterials. 2005;26(35):7304-9.
  • 20. West NX, Lussi A, Seong J, Hellwig E. Dentin hypersensitivity: pain mechanisms and aetiology of exposed cervical dentin. Clin Oral Investig. 2013 Mar;17 Suppl 1:S9-19.
  • 21. Sumit M, Gurtu A, Singhal A, Mehrotra A. “Nanotechnology: its implications in conservative dentistry and endodontics. J Dent Sci J DENT SCI. 2013;9-13.
  • 22. Low SB, Allen EP, Kontogiorgos ED. Reduction in dental hypersensitivity with nano-hydroxyapatite, potassium nitrate, sodium monoflurophosphate and antioxidants. Open Dent J. 2015(9):92.
  • 23. Fernando JR, Shen P, Sim CP, Chen YY, Walker GD, Yuan Y, Reynolds C, Stanton DP, MacRae CM, Reynolds EC. Self-assembly of dental surface nanofilaments and remineralisation by SnF 2 and CPP-ACP nanocomplexes. Sci. Rep. 2019;9(1):1-0.
  • 24. Vano M, Derchi G, Barone A, Covani U. Effectiveness of nano-hydroxyapatite toothpaste in reducing dentin hypersensitivity: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Quintessence Int.. 2014;45(8).
  • 25. Verma S, Chevvuri R, Sharma H. Nanotechnology in dentistry: Unleashing the hidden gems. J. Indian Soc. Periodontol. 2018;22(3):196.
  • 26. Li Y, Zhao H, Duan LR, Li H, Yang Q, Tu HH, Cao W, Wang SW. Preparation, characterization and evaluation of bufalin liposomes coated with citrus pectin. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 2014;444:54-62.
  • 27. Moradkhani MR, Karimi A, Negahdari B. Nanotechnology application to local anaesthesia (LA). Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2018;46(2):355-60.
  • 28. . Richard BM, Newton P, Ott LR, Haan D, Brubaker AN, Cole PI, Ross PE, Rebelatto MC, Nelson KG. The Safety of EXPAREL ® (Bupivacaine Liposome Injectable Suspension) Administered by Peripheral Nerve Block in Rabbits and Dogs. J Drug Deliv. 2012;2012:962101.
  • 29. Karthikeyan Subramani, Waqar Ahmed, James K Hartsfield Jr. Nanobiomaterials in Clinical Dentistry: 1st Edition(Elsevier, 2012).
  • 30. Türkün Ş, Uzer Çelik E. One-year clinical performance of compomer and nanofill composite restorations applied with an antibacterial adhesive. Acta Odontol. Turc.2007; 1. 2007
  • 31. Xie X, Wang L, Xing D, Arola DD, Weir MD, Bai Y, Xu HH. Protein-repellent and antibacterial functions of a calcium phosphate rechargeable nanocomposite. J Dent. 2016;52:15-22.
  • 32. Melo MA, Codes BM, Passos VF, Lima JP, Rodrigues LK. In situ response of nanostructured hybrid fluoridated restorative composites on enamel demineralization, surface roughness and ion release. Eur J Prosthodont Restor Dent. 2014;22(4):185-90.
  • 33. Van Dijken JW, Pallesen U. A randomized 10-year prospective follow-up of Class II nanohybrid and conventional hybrid resin composite restorations. J Adhes Dent. 2014;16(6):585-92.
  • 34. Qin W, Song Z, Ye YY, Lin ZM. Two-year clinical evaluation of composite resins in non-carious cervical lesions. Clin Oral Investig. 2013 Apr;17(3):799-804.
  • 35. Candan U, Eronat N, Onçağ O. Clinical performance of fiber-reinforced nanofilled resin composite in extensively carious posterior teeth of children: 30-month evaluation. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2013;38(1):1-6.
  • 36. Cheng L, Weir MD, Xu HH, Antonucci JM, Lin NJ, Lin-Gibson S, Xu SM, Zhou X. Effect of amorphous calcium phosphate and silver nanocomposites on dental plaque microcosm biofilms. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2012 Jul;100(5):1378-86.
  • 37. Taha DG, Abdel-Samad AA, Mahmoud SH. Fracture resistance of maxillary premolars with Class II MOD cavities restored with ormocer, nanofilled, and nanoceramic composite restorative systems. Quintessence Int. 2011;42(7).
  • 38. Raj V, Mumjitha MS. Formation and surface characterization of nanostructured Al 2 O 3-TiO 2 coatings. Bull. Mater. Sci. 2014;37(6):1411-8.
  • 39. Cooper CA, Ravich D, Lips D, Mayer J, Wagner HD. Distribution and alignment of carbon nanotubes and nanofibrils in a polymer matrix. COMPOS SCI TECHNOL. 2002;62(7-8):1105-12.
  • 40. Beyth N, Houri-Haddad Y, Baraness-Hadar L, Yudovin-Farber I, Domb AJ, Weiss EI. Surface antimicrobial activity and biocompatibility of incorporated polyethylenimine nanoparticles. Biomaterials. 2008;29(31):4157-63.
  • 41. Zoufan K, Jiang J, Komabayashi T, Wang YH, Safavi KE, Zhu Q. Cytotoxicity evaluation of Gutta Flow and Endo Sequence BC sealers. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2011;112(5):657-61.
  • 42. Abramovitz I, Beyth N, Weinberg G, Borenstein A, Polak D, Kesler-Shvero D, Houri-Haddad Y. In vitro biocompatibility of endodontic sealers incorporating antibacterial nanoparticles. J. Nanomater. 2012;2012.
  • 43. Ahmed Z, Mohamed K, Zeeshan S, Dong X. Artificial intelligence with multi-functional machine learning platform development for better healthcare and precision medicine. Database (Oxford). 2020;2020:baaa010.
  • 44. IBM Watson for Oncology (2019). www.ibm.com/in-en/marketplace/clinical-decision-support-oncology Google Scholar.
  • 45. Wang H, Lee DK, Chen KY, Chen JY, Zhang K, Silva A, Ho CM, Ho D. Mechanism-independent optimization of combinatorial nanodiamond and unmodified drug delivery using a phenotypically driven platform technology. ACS nano. 2015;9(3):3332-44.
  • 46. Shin MD, Shukla S, Chung YH, Beiss V, Chan SK, Ortega-Rivera OA, Wirth DM, Chen A, Sack M, Pokorski JK, Steinmetz NF. COVID-19 vaccine development and a potential nanomaterial path forward. Nat Nanotechnol. 2020;(8):646-655.
  • 47. Polack FP, Thomas SJ, Kitchin N, Absalon J, Gurtman A, Lockhart S, Perez JL, Pérez Marc G, Moreira ED, Zerbini C, Bailey R, Swanson KA, Roychoudhury S, Koury K, Li P, Kalina WV, Cooper D, Frenck RW Jr, Hammitt LL, Türeci Ö, Nell H, Schaefer A, Ünal S, Tresnan DB, Mather S, Dormitzer PR, Şahin U, Jansen KU, Gruber WC; C4591001 Clinical Trial Group. Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(27):2603-2615.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Review
Authors

Hima Bindu Reddy 0000-0002-2664-7828

Jasmine Crena.m 0000-0001-9788-3898

Prakash Psg 0000-0003-4243-5865

Sangeetha Subramanian 0000-0002-9352-6081

Devapriya Appukuttan 0000-0003-2109-1135

Publication Date January 3, 2022
Submission Date August 5, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021Volume: 24 Issue: 4

Cite

EndNote Reddy HB, Crena.m J, Psg P, Subramanian S, Appukuttan D (January 1, 2022) AN EXPLORATORY REVIEW OF CURRENT TRENDS IN NANODENTISTRY. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 24 4 448–461.

Cumhuriyet Dental Journal (Cumhuriyet Dent J, CDJ) is the official publication of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry. CDJ is an international journal dedicated to the latest advancement of dentistry. The aim of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments in different areas of dentistry. First issue of the Journal of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry was published in 1998. In 2010, journal's name was changed as Cumhuriyet Dental Journal. Journal’s publication language is English.


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