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Mandibular condyle fractures and treatment methods

Year 2012, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 63 - 70, 03.01.2012

Mehmet Omezli Ertunc Dayi , Ferhat Ayranci , Göksel Simsek Kaya

https://doi.org/10.7126/cdj.2012.720

Abstract

Large majority of all mandibular fractures are localized on the condyle. Proper treatment of these fractures is important for preventing the functional and anatomic disorders that may occur subsequently.  However, the diagnosis and proper management of the fractured mandibular condyle is one of the controversial topics in maxillofacial trauma. In this paper, diagnosis and current treatment modalities of mandibular condyle fractures are reviewed.

 

ÖZET

Mandibula kırıklarının büyük bir kısmı kondiler sahada lokalizedir. Bu tip kırıkların uygun şekilde tedavisi bu bölgede daha sonradan oluşabilecek fonksiyonel ve anatomik bozuklukların gelişimini engellemek açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bununla birlikte, kondil kırıklarının teşhis ve uygun tedavisi maksillofasiyal alanda tartışılan konulardan birisi olmuştur. Bu makalede, mandibular kondil kırıklarının teşhisi ve uygulanan tedavi yöntemleri gözden geçirilmiştir.

Anahtar kelimeler: Kondil, açık redüksiyon, mandibula.

Keywords

Condyle; open reduction; mandible

References

  • Ozgenel GY, Bayraktar A, Ozbek S, Akin S, Kahveci R, Ozcan M. [A retrospective analysis of 204 mandibular fractures]. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg 2004;10(1):47-50.
  • Marker P, Nielsen A, Bastian HL. Fractures of the mandibular condyle. Part 1: patterns of distribution of types and causes of fractures in 348 patients. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000;38(5):417-421. [CrossRef]
  • Mitchell DA. A multicentre audit of unilateral fractures of the mandibular condyle. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1997;35(4):230-236. [CrossRef]
  • Zachariades N, Mezitis M, Mourouzis C, Papadakis D, Spanou A. Fractures of the mandibular condyle: a review of 466 cases. Literature review, reflections on treatment and proposals. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2006;34(7):421-432. [CrossRef]
  • Eulert S, Proff P, Bokan I, Blens T, Gedrange T, Reuther J, Bill J. Study on treatment of condylar process fractures of the mandible. Ann Anat 2007;189(4):377-383. [CrossRef]
  • Bormann KH, Wild S, Gellrich NC, Kokemuller H, Stuhmer C, Schmelzeisen R, Schön R. Five-year retrospective study of mandibular fractures in Freiburg, Germany: incidence, etiology, treatment, and complications. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009;67(6):1251-1255. [CrossRef]
  • Villarreal PM, Monje F, Junquera LM, Mateo J, Morillo AJ, Gonzalez C. Mandibular condyle fractures: determinants of treatment and outcome. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004;62(2):155-163. [CrossRef]
  • Kademani D, Rombach D, Quinn P. Trauma to the temporomandibular joint region. In: Fonseca R, editor. Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma. Missouri: Elsevıer saunders 2005. p. 523-568.
  • Erol B, Tanrikulu R, Gorgun B. Maxillofacial fractures. Analysis of demographic distribution and treatment in 2901 patients (25-year experience). J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2004;32(5):308-313.
  • Santler G, Karcher H, Ruda C, Kole E. Fractures of the condylar process: surgical versus nonsurgical treatment. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1999;57(4):392-7; discussion 97-98. [CrossRef]
  • Yaman F, Atılgan S, Yılmaz U, Gorgun B. Mandibular kondil frakturleri: Retrospektif analiz. Turkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci 2007;13:48-54.
  • Undt G, Kermer C, Rasse M, Sinko K, Ewers R. Transoral miniplate osteosynthesis of condylar neck fractures. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1999;88(5):534-543. [CrossRef]
  • de Matos FP, Arnez MF, Sverzut CE, Trivellato AE. A retrospective study of mandibular fracture in a 40-month period. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010;39(1):10-5. [CrossRef]
  • Brandt MT, Haug RH. Open versus closed reduction of adult mandibular condyle fractures: a review of the literature regarding the evolution of current thoughts on management. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2003;61(11):1324-1332. [CrossRef]
  • Assael LA. Open versus closed reduction of adult mandibular condyle fractures: an alternative interpretation of the evidence. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2003;61(11):1333-1339. [CrossRef]
  • Lindahl L. Condylar fractures of the mandible. I. Classification and relation to age, occlusion, and concomitant injuries of teeth and teeth-supporting structures, and fractures of the mandibular body. Int J Oral Surg 1977;6(1):12-21.
  • Krenkel C. Treatment of mandibularcondylar fractures. Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 1997;5(1):127-155.
  • Buyukakyuz N, Ogut M, Uyumaz N, Ozturk M. Alt çene kondil kırıkları ve tedavi yöntemleri. İstanbul Universitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 2010;44(1):55-61.
  • Chacon G, Larsen P. Principles of management of mandibular fractures In: Miloro M, editor. Peterson's Prıncıples Of Oral And Maxıllofacıal Surgery Second Edition London: BC Decker Inc; 2004. p. 401-433.
  • Ohura N, Ichioka S, Sudo T, Nakagawa M, Kumaido K, Nakatsuka T. Dislocation of the bilateral mandibular condyle into the middle cranial fossa: review of the literature and clinical experience. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2006;64(7):11651172. [CrossRef]
  • Defabianis P. TMJ fractures in children and adolescents: treatment guidelines. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2003;27(3):191-199.
  • Menon S, Sinha R. Gap arthroplasty for mandibular condyle dislocation and impaction into the middle cranial fossa. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008;66(11):2390-2393. [CrossRef]
  • Vesnaver A. Open reduction and internal fixation of intra-articular fractures of the mandibular condyle: our first experiences. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008;66(10):21232129. [CrossRef]
  • Sickels J, Parks W. Temporomandibular joint region injuries. In: Fonseca R, editor. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Philadelphia: Saunders Company; 2000. p. 136-148.
  • Ellis E, Throckmorton GS. Treatment of mandibular condylar process fractures: biological considerations. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005;63(1):115134. [CrossRef] Cumhuriyet Dent J 2011;15(1):63-70 doi:10.7126/cdj.2012.720 Ölmezli ve ark.
  • Seemann R, Frerich B, Muller S, Koenke R, Ploder O, Schicho K, Piffko J, Poeschl P, Wagner A, Wanschitz F, Krennmair G, Ewers R, Klug C. Comparison of locking and nonlocking plates in the treatment of mandibular condyle fractures. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009;108(3):328-334. [CrossRef]
  • Ellis E, 3rd, Dean J. Rigid fixation of mandibular condyle fractures. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1993;76(1):6-15. [CrossRef]
  • Jensen T, Jensen J, Norholt SE, Dahl M, Lenk-Hansen L, Svensson P. Open reduction and rigid internal fixation of mandibular condylar fractures by an intraoral approach: a long-term follow-up study of 15 patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2006;64(12):17711779. [CrossRef]
  • Joos U, Kleinheinz J. Therapy of condylar neck fractures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1998;27(4):247-254. [CrossRef]
  • Haug RH, Brandt MT. Traditional versus endoscope-assisted open reduction with rigid internal fixation (ORIF) of adult mandibular condyle fractures: a review of the literature regarding current thoughts on management. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004;62(10):1272-1279. [CrossRef]
  • Troulis MJ. Endoscopic open reduction and internal rigid fixation of subcondylar fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004;62(10):12691271. [CrossRef]
  • Miloro M. Endoscopic-assisted repair of subcondylar fractures. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2003;96(4):387-391. [CrossRef]
  • Lee C, Mueller RV, Lee K, Mathes SJ. Endoscopic subcondylar fracture repair: functional, aesthetic, and radiographic outcomes. Plast Reconstr Surg 1998;102(5):1434-1443; discussion 44-45. [CrossRef]
  • Ellis E, 3rd, Simon P, Throckmorton GS. Occlusal results after open or closed treatment of fractures of the mandibular condylar process. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000;58(3):260-268. [CrossRef]
  • Ellis E, 3rd, Throckmorton G. Facial symmetry after closed and open treatment of fractures of the mandibular condylar process. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000;58(7):719-728; discussion 29-30. [CrossRef]
  • Ellis E, 3rd, Throckmorton GS. Bite forces after open or closed treatment of mandibular condylar process fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2001;59(4):389-395. [CrossRef]
  • Haug RH, Assael LA. Outcomes of open versus closed treatment of mandibular subcondylar fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2001;59(4):3705; discussion 75-76. [CrossRef]
  • Throckmorton GS, Ellis E, 3rd, Hayasaki H. Masticatory motion after surgical or nonsurgical treatment for unilateral fractures of the mandibular condylar process. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004;62(2):127-138. [CrossRef]
  • Oezmen Y, Mischkowski RA, Lenzen J, Fischbach R. MRI examination of the TMJ and functional results after conservative and surgical treatment of mandibular condyle fractures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1998;27(1):3337. [CrossRef]
  • Ellis E, 3rd. Complications of mandibular condyle fractures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1998;27(4):255257. [CrossRef]
  • Griffiths H, Townend J. Anesthesia of the inferior alveolar and lingual nerves as a complication of a fractured condylar process. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1999;57(1):77-79. [CrossRef]
  • Erol B, Tanrikulu R, Gorgun B. A clinical study on ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2006;34(2):100-106.[CrossRef]

Mandibula kondil kırıkları ve tedavi yaklaşımları

Year 2012, Volume: 15 Issue: 1, 63 - 70, 03.01.2012

Mehmet Omezli Ertunc Dayi , Ferhat Ayranci , Göksel Simsek Kaya

https://doi.org/10.7126/cdj.2012.720

Abstract

Mandibula kırıklarının büyük bir kısmı kondiler sahada lokalizedir. Bu tip kırıkların uygun şekilde tedavisi bu bölgede daha sonradan oluşabilecek fonksiyonel ve anatomik bozuklukların gelişimini engellemek açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bununla birlikte, kondil kırıklarının teşhis ve uygun tedavisi maksillofasiyal alanda tartışılan konulardan birisi olmuştur. Bu makalede, mandibular kondil kırıklarının teşhisi ve uygulanan tedavi yöntemleri gözden geçirilmiştir

Keywords

Kondil açık redüksiyon mandibula

References

  • Ozgenel GY, Bayraktar A, Ozbek S, Akin S, Kahveci R, Ozcan M. [A retrospective analysis of 204 mandibular fractures]. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg 2004;10(1):47-50.
  • Marker P, Nielsen A, Bastian HL. Fractures of the mandibular condyle. Part 1: patterns of distribution of types and causes of fractures in 348 patients. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000;38(5):417-421. [CrossRef]
  • Mitchell DA. A multicentre audit of unilateral fractures of the mandibular condyle. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1997;35(4):230-236. [CrossRef]
  • Zachariades N, Mezitis M, Mourouzis C, Papadakis D, Spanou A. Fractures of the mandibular condyle: a review of 466 cases. Literature review, reflections on treatment and proposals. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2006;34(7):421-432. [CrossRef]
  • Eulert S, Proff P, Bokan I, Blens T, Gedrange T, Reuther J, Bill J. Study on treatment of condylar process fractures of the mandible. Ann Anat 2007;189(4):377-383. [CrossRef]
  • Bormann KH, Wild S, Gellrich NC, Kokemuller H, Stuhmer C, Schmelzeisen R, Schön R. Five-year retrospective study of mandibular fractures in Freiburg, Germany: incidence, etiology, treatment, and complications. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009;67(6):1251-1255. [CrossRef]
  • Villarreal PM, Monje F, Junquera LM, Mateo J, Morillo AJ, Gonzalez C. Mandibular condyle fractures: determinants of treatment and outcome. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004;62(2):155-163. [CrossRef]
  • Kademani D, Rombach D, Quinn P. Trauma to the temporomandibular joint region. In: Fonseca R, editor. Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma. Missouri: Elsevıer saunders 2005. p. 523-568.
  • Erol B, Tanrikulu R, Gorgun B. Maxillofacial fractures. Analysis of demographic distribution and treatment in 2901 patients (25-year experience). J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2004;32(5):308-313.
  • Santler G, Karcher H, Ruda C, Kole E. Fractures of the condylar process: surgical versus nonsurgical treatment. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1999;57(4):392-7; discussion 97-98. [CrossRef]
  • Yaman F, Atılgan S, Yılmaz U, Gorgun B. Mandibular kondil frakturleri: Retrospektif analiz. Turkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci 2007;13:48-54.
  • Undt G, Kermer C, Rasse M, Sinko K, Ewers R. Transoral miniplate osteosynthesis of condylar neck fractures. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1999;88(5):534-543. [CrossRef]
  • de Matos FP, Arnez MF, Sverzut CE, Trivellato AE. A retrospective study of mandibular fracture in a 40-month period. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010;39(1):10-5. [CrossRef]
  • Brandt MT, Haug RH. Open versus closed reduction of adult mandibular condyle fractures: a review of the literature regarding the evolution of current thoughts on management. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2003;61(11):1324-1332. [CrossRef]
  • Assael LA. Open versus closed reduction of adult mandibular condyle fractures: an alternative interpretation of the evidence. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2003;61(11):1333-1339. [CrossRef]
  • Lindahl L. Condylar fractures of the mandible. I. Classification and relation to age, occlusion, and concomitant injuries of teeth and teeth-supporting structures, and fractures of the mandibular body. Int J Oral Surg 1977;6(1):12-21.
  • Krenkel C. Treatment of mandibularcondylar fractures. Atlas Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 1997;5(1):127-155.
  • Buyukakyuz N, Ogut M, Uyumaz N, Ozturk M. Alt çene kondil kırıkları ve tedavi yöntemleri. İstanbul Universitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 2010;44(1):55-61.
  • Chacon G, Larsen P. Principles of management of mandibular fractures In: Miloro M, editor. Peterson's Prıncıples Of Oral And Maxıllofacıal Surgery Second Edition London: BC Decker Inc; 2004. p. 401-433.
  • Ohura N, Ichioka S, Sudo T, Nakagawa M, Kumaido K, Nakatsuka T. Dislocation of the bilateral mandibular condyle into the middle cranial fossa: review of the literature and clinical experience. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2006;64(7):11651172. [CrossRef]
  • Defabianis P. TMJ fractures in children and adolescents: treatment guidelines. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2003;27(3):191-199.
  • Menon S, Sinha R. Gap arthroplasty for mandibular condyle dislocation and impaction into the middle cranial fossa. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008;66(11):2390-2393. [CrossRef]
  • Vesnaver A. Open reduction and internal fixation of intra-articular fractures of the mandibular condyle: our first experiences. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008;66(10):21232129. [CrossRef]
  • Sickels J, Parks W. Temporomandibular joint region injuries. In: Fonseca R, editor. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Philadelphia: Saunders Company; 2000. p. 136-148.
  • Ellis E, Throckmorton GS. Treatment of mandibular condylar process fractures: biological considerations. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005;63(1):115134. [CrossRef] Cumhuriyet Dent J 2011;15(1):63-70 doi:10.7126/cdj.2012.720 Ölmezli ve ark.
  • Seemann R, Frerich B, Muller S, Koenke R, Ploder O, Schicho K, Piffko J, Poeschl P, Wagner A, Wanschitz F, Krennmair G, Ewers R, Klug C. Comparison of locking and nonlocking plates in the treatment of mandibular condyle fractures. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009;108(3):328-334. [CrossRef]
  • Ellis E, 3rd, Dean J. Rigid fixation of mandibular condyle fractures. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1993;76(1):6-15. [CrossRef]
  • Jensen T, Jensen J, Norholt SE, Dahl M, Lenk-Hansen L, Svensson P. Open reduction and rigid internal fixation of mandibular condylar fractures by an intraoral approach: a long-term follow-up study of 15 patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2006;64(12):17711779. [CrossRef]
  • Joos U, Kleinheinz J. Therapy of condylar neck fractures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1998;27(4):247-254. [CrossRef]
  • Haug RH, Brandt MT. Traditional versus endoscope-assisted open reduction with rigid internal fixation (ORIF) of adult mandibular condyle fractures: a review of the literature regarding current thoughts on management. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004;62(10):1272-1279. [CrossRef]
  • Troulis MJ. Endoscopic open reduction and internal rigid fixation of subcondylar fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004;62(10):12691271. [CrossRef]
  • Miloro M. Endoscopic-assisted repair of subcondylar fractures. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2003;96(4):387-391. [CrossRef]
  • Lee C, Mueller RV, Lee K, Mathes SJ. Endoscopic subcondylar fracture repair: functional, aesthetic, and radiographic outcomes. Plast Reconstr Surg 1998;102(5):1434-1443; discussion 44-45. [CrossRef]
  • Ellis E, 3rd, Simon P, Throckmorton GS. Occlusal results after open or closed treatment of fractures of the mandibular condylar process. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000;58(3):260-268. [CrossRef]
  • Ellis E, 3rd, Throckmorton G. Facial symmetry after closed and open treatment of fractures of the mandibular condylar process. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2000;58(7):719-728; discussion 29-30. [CrossRef]
  • Ellis E, 3rd, Throckmorton GS. Bite forces after open or closed treatment of mandibular condylar process fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2001;59(4):389-395. [CrossRef]
  • Haug RH, Assael LA. Outcomes of open versus closed treatment of mandibular subcondylar fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2001;59(4):3705; discussion 75-76. [CrossRef]
  • Throckmorton GS, Ellis E, 3rd, Hayasaki H. Masticatory motion after surgical or nonsurgical treatment for unilateral fractures of the mandibular condylar process. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004;62(2):127-138. [CrossRef]
  • Oezmen Y, Mischkowski RA, Lenzen J, Fischbach R. MRI examination of the TMJ and functional results after conservative and surgical treatment of mandibular condyle fractures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1998;27(1):3337. [CrossRef]
  • Ellis E, 3rd. Complications of mandibular condyle fractures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1998;27(4):255257. [CrossRef]
  • Griffiths H, Townend J. Anesthesia of the inferior alveolar and lingual nerves as a complication of a fractured condylar process. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1999;57(1):77-79. [CrossRef]
  • Erol B, Tanrikulu R, Gorgun B. A clinical study on ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2006;34(2):100-106.[CrossRef]
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Review
Authors

Mehmet Omezli

Ertunc Dayi

Ferhat Ayranci

Göksel Simsek Kaya

Publication Date January 3, 2012
Submission Date January 19, 2011
Published in Issue Year 2012Volume: 15 Issue: 1

Cite

EndNote Omezli M, Dayi E, Ayranci F, Simsek Kaya G (January 1, 2012) Mandibular condyle fractures and treatment methods. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 15 1 63–70.

Cumhuriyet Dental Journal (Cumhuriyet Dent J, CDJ) is the official publication of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry. CDJ is an international journal dedicated to the latest advancement of dentistry. The aim of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments in different areas of dentistry. First issue of the Journal of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry was published in 1998. In 2010, journal's name was changed as Cumhuriyet Dental Journal. Journal’s publication language is English.


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