Research Article
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Year 2011, Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 183 - 190, 17.02.2011

Alper Kustarci , Elif Oktay Abdullah Kılıç Ülkü Özan , Demet Altunbaş

Abstract

References

  • 1. Takahashi K. Microbiological, pathological, inflammatory, immunological and molecular biological aspects of periradicular disease. Int Endod J 1998;31:311-325.
  • 2. Moller AJR, Fabricius L, Dahlen G, Ohman AE, Heyden G.Influence on periapical tissues of indigenous oral bacteria and necrotic pulp tissue in monkeys. Scand J Dent Res 1981;89:475-484.
  • 3. Estrela C, Ribiero RG, Estrela CRA, Pecora JD, Sousa-Neto MD. Antimicrobial Effect of 2% sodium hypochlorite and 2% Chlorhexidine Tested by Different Methods. Braz Dent J 2003;14:58-62
  • 4. Vianna ME, Gomes BP, Berber VB, Zaia AA, Ferraz CC, de Souza-Filho FJ. In vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2004;97:79-84.
  • 5. Moorer WR, Wesselink PR. Factors promoting the tissue dissolving capability of sodium hypochlorite. Int Endod J 1982;15:187-196.
  • 6. Jeansonne MJ, White RR. A comparison of 2.0% chlorhexidine gluconate and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite as antimicrobial endodontic irrigants. J Endod 1994;20:276-278.
  • 7. Baumgartner JC, Cuenin PR. Efficacy of several concentrations of sodium hypochlorite for root canal irrigation. J Endod 1992;18:605-612.
  • 8. Spangberg L, Engström B, Langeland K. Biologic effects of dental materials. Toxicity and antimicrobial effect of endodontic antiseptics in vitro. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1973;36:856-870.
  • 9. Spangberg L, Safavi KE, Kaufman A, Pascon EA. Antimicrobial and toxic effect in vitro of a bisdequalinium acetate solution for endodontic use. J Endod 1988;14:175-178.
  • 10. Busslinger A, Sener B, Barbakow F. Effects of sodium hypochlorite on nickel-titanium Lightspeed instruments. Int Endod J 1998;31:290- 294.
  • 11. Kaufman AY, Keila S. Hypersensitivity to sodium hypochlorite. J Endod 1989;15:224- 226.
  • 12. Banskota AH, Tezuka Y, Kadota S. Recent progress in pharmacological research of propolis. Phytotherapy Res 2001;15:561-571.
  • 13. Bankova VS, Castro SL, Marucci MC. Propolis: recent advances in chemistry and plant origin. Apidologie 2000;31:3-15.
  • 14. Marcucci MC, Ferreres F, GarcíaViguera C, Bankova VS, De Castro SL, Dantas AP, Valente PHM, Paulino N. Phenolic compounds from Brazilian propolis with pharmacological activities. J Ethnopharmacol 2001;74:105-112.
  • 15. Borrelli F, Izzo AA, Di Carlo G, Maffia P, Russo A, Maiello FM, Capasso F, Mascolo N. Effect of a propolis extract and caffeic acid phenethyl ester on formation of aberrant crypt foci and tumors in the rat colon. Fitoterapia 2002;73(Suppl. 1):S38-S43.
  • 16. Santos FA, Bastos EMA, Uzeda M, Carvalho MAR, Farias LM, Moreira ESA, Braga FC. Antibacterial activity of Brazilian propolis and fractions against oral anaerobic bacteria. J Ethnopharmacol 2002;80:1-7.
  • 17. Bailey DM, DeGrazia CG, Hoff SJ, Schulenberg PL, O'Connor JR, Paris DA, Slee AM. Bispyridinamines: a new class of topical antimicrobial agents as inhibitors of dental plaque. J Med Chem 1984;27:1457-1464.
  • 18. Sedlock DM, Bailey DM. Microbicidal activity of octenidine hydrochloride, a new alkanediylbis [pyridine] germicidal agent. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1985;28:786-790.
  • 19. Mcdonnell G, Russell D. Antiseptics and disinfectants: activity, action, and resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev 1999;12:147-79.
  • 20. Rölla G, Löe H, Rindom Schiött C. The affinity of chlorhexidine for hydroxyapatite and salivary mucins. J Perio Res 1970;5:90-95.
  • 21. Fardal O, Turnbull RS. A review of the literature on use of chlorhexidine in dentistry. J Am Dent Assoc 1986;112:863-869.
  • 22. Byström A, Sundqvist G. Bacteriologic evaluation of the effect of 0.5 per cent sodium hypochlorite in endodontic therapy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1983;55:307-312.
  • 23. Gomes BPFA, Ferraz CCR, Vianna ME, Berber VB, Teixeira FB, SouzaFilho FJ. In vitro antimicrobial activity of several concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine gluconate in the elimination of Enterococcus faecalis. Int Endod J 2001;34:424-428.
  • 24. Vahdaty A, Pitt Ford TR, Wilson RF. Efficacy of chlorhexidine in disinfecting dentinal tubules in vitro. Endod Dental Traumatol 1993;9:243- 248.
  • 25. Naenni N, Thoma K, Zehnder M. Soft tissue dissolution capacity of currently used and potential endodontic irrigants. J Endod 2004;30:785-787.
  • 26. Hennessey TS. Some antibacterial properties of chlorhexidine. J Periodontal Res Suppl 1973;12:61-67.
  • 27. Emilson CG. Susceptibility of various microorganisms to chlorhexidine. Scand J Dent Res 1977;85:255-265.
  • 28. Siqueira Jr JF.Aetiology of root canal treatment failure: why well-treated teeth can fail. Int Endod J 2001;34:1- 10.
  • 29. Burdock GA. Review of the biological properties and toxicity of bee propolis (propolis). Food Chem Toxicol 1998;36:347-363.
  • 30. Koo H, Gomes BP, Rosalen PL, Ambrosano GM, Park YK, Cury JA. In vitro antimicrobial activity of propolis and Arnica Montana against oral pathogens. Arch Oral Biol 2000;45:141-148.
  • 31. Bankova V, Christov R, Kujumgiev A, Marucci MC, Popov S. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Brazilian propolis. Z Naturforsch 1995;50:167-172.
  • 32. Kujumgiev A, Bankova V, Ignatova A, Popov S. Antibacterial activity of propolis, some of its components and their analogs. Pharmazie 1993;48:785- 786.
  • 33. Arima H, Ashida H, Danno G. Rutinenhanced antibacterial activities of flavonoids against Bacillus cereus and Salmonella enteritidis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2002;66:1009- 1014.
  • 34. Davey RW, Grange JM. Antibacterial properties of propolis (bee glue). J R Soc Med 1990;83:159-161.
  • 35. Dobrowalski JW, Vohora SB, Sharma K, Shah SA, Naqvi SAH, Dandiya PC. Antibacterial, anti-fungal, antiamoebic, antiinflammatory and antipyretic studies on propolis bee products. J Ethnopharmacol 1991;35:77-82.
  • 36. Panzeri H, Lara EHG, Pedrazzi V, Gabarra FR, Ito IY. An experimental dentifrice containing propolis: physical, microbiological and clinical evaluations. J Dent Res 1998;77:975.
  • 37. Özan F, Sümer Z, Polat ZA, Er K, Özan Ü, Değer O. Effect of mounthrinse containing propolis on oral microorganisms and human gingival fibroblasts. Eur J Dent 2007;1:195-201.

Evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of sodium hypochlorite, propolis, octenidine dihydrochloride and chlorhexidine on microorganisms

Year 2011, Volume: 14 Issue: 3, 183 - 190, 17.02.2011

Alper Kustarci , Elif Oktay Abdullah Kılıç Ülkü Özan , Demet Altunbaş

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of  2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 12.5% propolis, 25% propolis, octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT) and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) on microorganisms with different structural characteristics.

Materials and Methods: S. aureus, E. faecalis, E. coli and C. albicans were included in the study. Pre-sterilized paper discs (6 mm in diameter) were soaked with the test solutions and placed on the plates, following Muller-Hinton agar plates were inoculated with the microbial suspensions. Then zones of inhibition were recorded and the results were analysed statistically. 2.5% NaOCl, 2% CHX and OCT produced inhibitory zones against all microorganisms tested. Statistical analysis was carried out with analyses of variance (ANOVA). Differences were identified by post-hoc Bonferroni test. The level of significance was set at p=0.05.

Results: NaCl was ineffective against all microorganisms; however, 2.5% NaOCl, 2% CHX and OCT produced inhibitory zones against all microorganisms tested. 2.5% NaOCl and 2% CHX showed significantly larger average zones of inhibition compared to the other experimental irrigants (p<0.05). While 12.5% propolis extract produced only slight inhibition on S. aureus, 25% propolis extract was effective on S. aureus, E. faecalis and C. albicans.

Conclusions: The present study showed that 2.5% NaOCl and 2% chlorhexidine had superior antimicrobial effects than other irrigants used.

Keywords

Chlorhexidine microorganisms sodium hypochlorite octenidine dihydrochloride propolis

References

  • 1. Takahashi K. Microbiological, pathological, inflammatory, immunological and molecular biological aspects of periradicular disease. Int Endod J 1998;31:311-325.
  • 2. Moller AJR, Fabricius L, Dahlen G, Ohman AE, Heyden G.Influence on periapical tissues of indigenous oral bacteria and necrotic pulp tissue in monkeys. Scand J Dent Res 1981;89:475-484.
  • 3. Estrela C, Ribiero RG, Estrela CRA, Pecora JD, Sousa-Neto MD. Antimicrobial Effect of 2% sodium hypochlorite and 2% Chlorhexidine Tested by Different Methods. Braz Dent J 2003;14:58-62
  • 4. Vianna ME, Gomes BP, Berber VB, Zaia AA, Ferraz CC, de Souza-Filho FJ. In vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2004;97:79-84.
  • 5. Moorer WR, Wesselink PR. Factors promoting the tissue dissolving capability of sodium hypochlorite. Int Endod J 1982;15:187-196.
  • 6. Jeansonne MJ, White RR. A comparison of 2.0% chlorhexidine gluconate and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite as antimicrobial endodontic irrigants. J Endod 1994;20:276-278.
  • 7. Baumgartner JC, Cuenin PR. Efficacy of several concentrations of sodium hypochlorite for root canal irrigation. J Endod 1992;18:605-612.
  • 8. Spangberg L, Engström B, Langeland K. Biologic effects of dental materials. Toxicity and antimicrobial effect of endodontic antiseptics in vitro. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1973;36:856-870.
  • 9. Spangberg L, Safavi KE, Kaufman A, Pascon EA. Antimicrobial and toxic effect in vitro of a bisdequalinium acetate solution for endodontic use. J Endod 1988;14:175-178.
  • 10. Busslinger A, Sener B, Barbakow F. Effects of sodium hypochlorite on nickel-titanium Lightspeed instruments. Int Endod J 1998;31:290- 294.
  • 11. Kaufman AY, Keila S. Hypersensitivity to sodium hypochlorite. J Endod 1989;15:224- 226.
  • 12. Banskota AH, Tezuka Y, Kadota S. Recent progress in pharmacological research of propolis. Phytotherapy Res 2001;15:561-571.
  • 13. Bankova VS, Castro SL, Marucci MC. Propolis: recent advances in chemistry and plant origin. Apidologie 2000;31:3-15.
  • 14. Marcucci MC, Ferreres F, GarcíaViguera C, Bankova VS, De Castro SL, Dantas AP, Valente PHM, Paulino N. Phenolic compounds from Brazilian propolis with pharmacological activities. J Ethnopharmacol 2001;74:105-112.
  • 15. Borrelli F, Izzo AA, Di Carlo G, Maffia P, Russo A, Maiello FM, Capasso F, Mascolo N. Effect of a propolis extract and caffeic acid phenethyl ester on formation of aberrant crypt foci and tumors in the rat colon. Fitoterapia 2002;73(Suppl. 1):S38-S43.
  • 16. Santos FA, Bastos EMA, Uzeda M, Carvalho MAR, Farias LM, Moreira ESA, Braga FC. Antibacterial activity of Brazilian propolis and fractions against oral anaerobic bacteria. J Ethnopharmacol 2002;80:1-7.
  • 17. Bailey DM, DeGrazia CG, Hoff SJ, Schulenberg PL, O'Connor JR, Paris DA, Slee AM. Bispyridinamines: a new class of topical antimicrobial agents as inhibitors of dental plaque. J Med Chem 1984;27:1457-1464.
  • 18. Sedlock DM, Bailey DM. Microbicidal activity of octenidine hydrochloride, a new alkanediylbis [pyridine] germicidal agent. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1985;28:786-790.
  • 19. Mcdonnell G, Russell D. Antiseptics and disinfectants: activity, action, and resistance. Clin Microbiol Rev 1999;12:147-79.
  • 20. Rölla G, Löe H, Rindom Schiött C. The affinity of chlorhexidine for hydroxyapatite and salivary mucins. J Perio Res 1970;5:90-95.
  • 21. Fardal O, Turnbull RS. A review of the literature on use of chlorhexidine in dentistry. J Am Dent Assoc 1986;112:863-869.
  • 22. Byström A, Sundqvist G. Bacteriologic evaluation of the effect of 0.5 per cent sodium hypochlorite in endodontic therapy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1983;55:307-312.
  • 23. Gomes BPFA, Ferraz CCR, Vianna ME, Berber VB, Teixeira FB, SouzaFilho FJ. In vitro antimicrobial activity of several concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine gluconate in the elimination of Enterococcus faecalis. Int Endod J 2001;34:424-428.
  • 24. Vahdaty A, Pitt Ford TR, Wilson RF. Efficacy of chlorhexidine in disinfecting dentinal tubules in vitro. Endod Dental Traumatol 1993;9:243- 248.
  • 25. Naenni N, Thoma K, Zehnder M. Soft tissue dissolution capacity of currently used and potential endodontic irrigants. J Endod 2004;30:785-787.
  • 26. Hennessey TS. Some antibacterial properties of chlorhexidine. J Periodontal Res Suppl 1973;12:61-67.
  • 27. Emilson CG. Susceptibility of various microorganisms to chlorhexidine. Scand J Dent Res 1977;85:255-265.
  • 28. Siqueira Jr JF.Aetiology of root canal treatment failure: why well-treated teeth can fail. Int Endod J 2001;34:1- 10.
  • 29. Burdock GA. Review of the biological properties and toxicity of bee propolis (propolis). Food Chem Toxicol 1998;36:347-363.
  • 30. Koo H, Gomes BP, Rosalen PL, Ambrosano GM, Park YK, Cury JA. In vitro antimicrobial activity of propolis and Arnica Montana against oral pathogens. Arch Oral Biol 2000;45:141-148.
  • 31. Bankova V, Christov R, Kujumgiev A, Marucci MC, Popov S. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Brazilian propolis. Z Naturforsch 1995;50:167-172.
  • 32. Kujumgiev A, Bankova V, Ignatova A, Popov S. Antibacterial activity of propolis, some of its components and their analogs. Pharmazie 1993;48:785- 786.
  • 33. Arima H, Ashida H, Danno G. Rutinenhanced antibacterial activities of flavonoids against Bacillus cereus and Salmonella enteritidis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2002;66:1009- 1014.
  • 34. Davey RW, Grange JM. Antibacterial properties of propolis (bee glue). J R Soc Med 1990;83:159-161.
  • 35. Dobrowalski JW, Vohora SB, Sharma K, Shah SA, Naqvi SAH, Dandiya PC. Antibacterial, anti-fungal, antiamoebic, antiinflammatory and antipyretic studies on propolis bee products. J Ethnopharmacol 1991;35:77-82.
  • 36. Panzeri H, Lara EHG, Pedrazzi V, Gabarra FR, Ito IY. An experimental dentifrice containing propolis: physical, microbiological and clinical evaluations. J Dent Res 1998;77:975.
  • 37. Özan F, Sümer Z, Polat ZA, Er K, Özan Ü, Değer O. Effect of mounthrinse containing propolis on oral microorganisms and human gingival fibroblasts. Eur J Dent 2007;1:195-201.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Original Research Articles
Authors

Alper Kustarci

Elif Oktay

Abdullah Kılıç

Ülkü Özan

Demet Altunbaş

Publication Date February 17, 2011
Submission Date February 17, 2011
Published in Issue Year 2011Volume: 14 Issue: 3

Cite

EndNote Kustarci A, Oktay E, Kılıç A, Özan Ü, Altunbaş D (September 1, 2011) Evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of sodium hypochlorite, propolis, octenidine dihydrochloride and chlorhexidine on microorganisms. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 14 3 183–190.

Cumhuriyet Dental Journal (Cumhuriyet Dent J, CDJ) is the official publication of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry. CDJ is an international journal dedicated to the latest advancement of dentistry. The aim of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments in different areas of dentistry. First issue of the Journal of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry was published in 1998. In 2010, journal's name was changed as Cumhuriyet Dental Journal. Journal’s publication language is English.


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