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Evaluation of the influence of smear layer removal on the sealing ability of two different obturation techniques

Year 2011, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 24 - 32, 22.01.2011

Alper Kustarci , Betül Kaya Dilara Arslan Kerem Akpınar

Abstract

Purpose: This study investigates the effects of Nd:YAG laser irradiation and 17% EDTA irrigation on apical seals with clearing technique, when used prior to two root canal filling techniques.

Material and Methods: Sixty freshly extracted human mandibular premolar and canine teeth, each with one root canal, were instrumented with Protaper rotary nickel-titanium instruments and then randomly divided into six groups according to the final irrigation solutions and Nd:YAG laser irradiation for smear layer removal and obturation techniques employed: Group I: 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and cold lateral condensation technique, Group II: 17% EDTA and cold lateral condensation technique, Group III: Nd:YAG laser and cold lateral condensation technique, Group IV: 2.5% NaOCl and thermoplasticised injectable gutta-percha technique (Dia-Gun system), Group V: 17% EDTA and Dia-Gun system, Group VI: Nd:YAG laser and Dia-Gun system. After obturation, the root surfaces were coated with a double layer of nail varnish, with the exception of the apical 2 mm, and placed in indian ink for 7 days. All samples were rendered transparent to measure the maximum linear dye penetration.

Results: Group 1 showed significantly greater dye leakage compared with groups 5 and 6 (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was found between other groups (P>0.05). Canals obturated with Dia-Gun system showed less mean dye leakage than canals obturated with lateral condensation. Groups, finally irrigated with 17%EDTA and irradiated with Nd:YAG laser, were showed lower mean dye leakage than control groups for both obturation techniques.

Conclusion: Under in vitro conditions, we found that smear layer removal improved the ability of the filling materials to prevent the fluid movement. Also, Dia-Gun system showed less apical leakage than cold lateral condensation technique in the presence or absence of the smear layer.

Keywords: Apical leakage, Dia-Gun, EDTA, Nd:YAG laser, clearing technique

Keywords

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References

  • 1. McComb D, Smith DC. A preliminary scanning electron microscopic study of root canals after endodontic procedures. J Endod 1975;1:238–242.
  • 2. Mader CL, Baumgartner JC, Peters DD. Scanning electron microscopic investigation of the smeared layer on root canal walls. J Endod 1984;10:477– 483.
  • 3. Michelich VJ, Schuster GS, Pashley DH. Bacterial penetration of human dentin in vitro. J Dent Res 1980;59:1398–1403.
  • 4. Pashley DH, Michelich V, Kehl T. Dentin permeability: effects of smear layer removal. J Prosthet Dent 1981;46:531–537.
  • 5. Safavi KE, Spangberg LS, Langeland K. Root canal dentinal tubule disinfection. J Endod 1990;16:207–210.
  • 6. Yang SE, Bae KS. Scanning electron microscopy study of the adhesion of Prevotella nigrescens to the dentin of prepared root canals. J Endod 2002;28:433–437.
  • 7. Czonstkowsky M, Wilson EG, Holstein FA. The smear layer in endodontics. Dent Clin North Am 1990;34:13–25.
  • 8. Foster KH, Kulild JC, Weller RN. Effect of smear layer removal on the diffusion of calcium hydroxide through radicular dentin. J Endod 1993;19:136– 140.
  • 9. Goldman M, Goldman LB, Cavaleri R, Bogis J, Lin PS. The efficacy of several endodontic irrigating solutions: a scanning electron microscopic study:Part 2. J Endod 1982;8:487-492.
  • 10. Wayman BE, Kopp WM, Pinero GJ, Lazzari EP. Citric and lactic acids as root canal irrigants in vitro. J Endod 1979;5:258–265.
  • 11. Dederich DN, Zakariasen KL, Tulip J. Scanning electron microscopic analysis of canal wall dentin following Neodymium-Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet laser irradiation. J Endod 1984;10:428– 431.
  • 12. Miserendino LJ, Levy GC, Rizoiu IM. Effects of Nd:YAG laser on the permeability of root canal wall dentin. J Endod 1995;21:83–87.
  • 13. Harashima T, Takeda FH, Kimura Y, Matsumoto K. Effect of Nd: YAG laser irradiation for removal of intracanal debris and smear layer in extracted human teeth. J Clin Laser Med Surg 1997;15:131–135.
  • 14. Dummer PMH, Lyle L, Rawle J, Kennedy JK. A laboratory study of root fillings in teeth obturated by lateral condensation of gutta-percha or Thermafil obturator. Int Endod J 1994;27:32–38.
  • 15. Gilhooly RMP, Hayes SJ, Bryant ST, Dummer PMH. Comparison of cold lateral condensation and warm multiphase gutta-percha technique for obturating curved root canals. Int Endod J 2000;33:415–420.
  • 16. Gulabivala K, Holt R, Long BY. An in vitro comparison of thermoplasticized gutta-percha obturation techniques with cold lateral condensation. Endod Dent Traumatol 1998;14:262–269.
  • 17. Lea CS, Apicella MJ, Mines P, Yancich PP, Parker H. Comparison of the obturation density of cold lateral compaction versus warm vertical compaction using the continuous wave of condensation technique. J Endod 2005;3:37–39.
  • 18. Venturi M, Breschi L. Evaluation of apical filling after warm vertical guttapercha compaction using different procedures. J Endod 2004;30:436–440.
  • 19. Meister F, Lommel TJ, Gerstein H. Diagnosis and possible causes of vertical root fractures. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1980;49:243–253
  • 20. Obermayer G, Walton RE. Vertical root fracture and relative deformation during obturation and post cementation. J Prosthet Dent 1991;66:181–187.
  • 21. Weller N.M ,Kimbrough W.F and Anderson WR. A comparison of thermoplastic obturation techniques: adaptation to the canal walls. J Endod 1997;23:703-706.
  • 22. Clark.D.S and Eldeeb M.E Apical sealing ability metal versus plastic Thermafil obturators. J.Endod 1993;19:4-9.
  • 23. Limkangwalmongkol S, Abbott PV, Sandler AB. Apical dye penetration with four root canal sealers and guttapercha using longitudinal sectioning. J Endod 1992;11:535–539.
  • 24. Lucena-Martín C, Ferrer-Luque CM, González-Rodríguez MP, Robles-Gijón V, Navajas-Rodríguez de Mondelo JM. A comparative study of apical leakage of Endomethasone, Top Seal, and Roeko Seal sealer cements. J Endod 2002;28:423-426.
  • 25. Wu MK, Özok AR, Wesselink PR. Sealer distribution in root canals obturated by three techniques. Int Dent J 2000;33:340–345.
  • 26. Buchalla W, Attin T, Brücklmaier R, Hellwig E. Computer-supported method for the quantification of apical leakage in filled root canals. Dtsch Zahnärztl Z 1999;54:244-248.
  • 27. Goodis HE, White JM, Marshall Jr, et al. Effects of Nd: and Ho: yttriumaluminium-garnet lasers on human dentine fluid flow and dental pulpchamber temperature in vitro. Archives of Oral Biology 1997;42:845–854.
  • 28. Carvalho CAT, Valera MC, GownSoares S, De Paulo Eduardo C Effects of Nd:YAG and Er:YAG lasers on the sealing of root canal fillings. J Clin Laser Med Surg 2002;20:215–219.
  • 29. Park DS, Lee HJ, Yoo HM Effect of Nd:YAG laser irradiation on the apical leakage of obturated root canals: an electrochemical study. Int Endod J 2001;34:318–321.
  • 30. Baumgartner JC, Mader CL. A scanning electron microscopic evaluation of four root canal irrigation regimens. J Endod 1987;13:147-157.
  • 31. Yamada RS, Armas A, Goldman M, Lin PS. A scanning electron micorscopic comparison of a high volume final flush with several irrigating solutions: part 3. J Endod 1983;9:137-142.
  • 32. Yang SE, Bae KS. Scanning electron microscopy study of the adhesion of Prevotella nigrescens to the dentin of prepared root canals. J Endod 2002;6:433-437.
  • 33. Brayton SM, Davis SR, Goldman M. Gutta-percha root canal fillings. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1973;35:226 –231.
  • 34. Peters DD. Two-year in vitro solubility evaluation of four guttapercha sealer obturation techniques. J Endod 1986;12:139–145.
  • 35. Johnson BT, Bond MS. Leakage associated with single or multiple increment backfill with the Obtura II gutta-percha system. J Endod 1999;25:613-614.
  • 36. Villegas JC, Yoshioka T, Kobayashi C, Suda H. Three-step versus singlestep use of system B: evaluation of gutta-percha root canal fillings and their adaptation to the canal walls. J Endod 2004;30:719-721.
  • 37. Leonardo MV, Goto EH, Torres CR, Borges AB, Carvalho CA, Barcellos DC. Assessment of the apical seal of root canals using different filling techniques. J Oral Sci 2009;51:593-599.
  • 38. Xu Q, Ling J, Cheung GS, Hu Y. A quantitative evaluation of sealing ability of 4 obturation techniques by using a glucose leakage test. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2007;104:109-113.
  • 39. Rajeswarı P, Gopikrishna V, Parameswaran A, Gupta T, Kandaswamy D. In-vitro evaluation of apical microleakage of thermafil and obtura II heated gutta percha in Comparison with cold lateral condensation using fluid filtration system. Endodontology 2005;17:24-28.
  • 40. Lipski M. Root surface temperature rises in vitro during root canal obturation with thermoplasticized guttapercha on a carrier or by injection. J Endod 2004;30:441–443.
  • 41. Eriksson AR, Albrektsson T. Temperature threshold levels for heatinduced bone tissue injury: a vitalmicroscopic study in the rabbit. J Prost Dent 1983;50:101–107.
  • 42. Gutmann JL, Rakusin H, Powe R, Bowles WH. Evaluation of heat transfer during root canal obturation with thermoplasticized gutta-percha. Part II. In vivo response to heat levels generated. J Endod 1987;13:441– 448.
  • 43. Sweatman TL, Baumgartner JG, Sakaguchi RL. Radicular temperatures associated with thermoplasticized guttapercha. J Endod 2001;27:512–517.
  • 44. Barkhordar RA, Goodis HE, Watanabe L, Koumdjian J. Evaluation of temperature rise on the outer surface of teeth during root canal obturation techniques. Quint Int 1990;21:585–588.

Year 2011, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 24 - 32, 22.01.2011

Alper Kustarci , Betül Kaya Dilara Arslan Kerem Akpınar

Abstract

References

  • 1. McComb D, Smith DC. A preliminary scanning electron microscopic study of root canals after endodontic procedures. J Endod 1975;1:238–242.
  • 2. Mader CL, Baumgartner JC, Peters DD. Scanning electron microscopic investigation of the smeared layer on root canal walls. J Endod 1984;10:477– 483.
  • 3. Michelich VJ, Schuster GS, Pashley DH. Bacterial penetration of human dentin in vitro. J Dent Res 1980;59:1398–1403.
  • 4. Pashley DH, Michelich V, Kehl T. Dentin permeability: effects of smear layer removal. J Prosthet Dent 1981;46:531–537.
  • 5. Safavi KE, Spangberg LS, Langeland K. Root canal dentinal tubule disinfection. J Endod 1990;16:207–210.
  • 6. Yang SE, Bae KS. Scanning electron microscopy study of the adhesion of Prevotella nigrescens to the dentin of prepared root canals. J Endod 2002;28:433–437.
  • 7. Czonstkowsky M, Wilson EG, Holstein FA. The smear layer in endodontics. Dent Clin North Am 1990;34:13–25.
  • 8. Foster KH, Kulild JC, Weller RN. Effect of smear layer removal on the diffusion of calcium hydroxide through radicular dentin. J Endod 1993;19:136– 140.
  • 9. Goldman M, Goldman LB, Cavaleri R, Bogis J, Lin PS. The efficacy of several endodontic irrigating solutions: a scanning electron microscopic study:Part 2. J Endod 1982;8:487-492.
  • 10. Wayman BE, Kopp WM, Pinero GJ, Lazzari EP. Citric and lactic acids as root canal irrigants in vitro. J Endod 1979;5:258–265.
  • 11. Dederich DN, Zakariasen KL, Tulip J. Scanning electron microscopic analysis of canal wall dentin following Neodymium-Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet laser irradiation. J Endod 1984;10:428– 431.
  • 12. Miserendino LJ, Levy GC, Rizoiu IM. Effects of Nd:YAG laser on the permeability of root canal wall dentin. J Endod 1995;21:83–87.
  • 13. Harashima T, Takeda FH, Kimura Y, Matsumoto K. Effect of Nd: YAG laser irradiation for removal of intracanal debris and smear layer in extracted human teeth. J Clin Laser Med Surg 1997;15:131–135.
  • 14. Dummer PMH, Lyle L, Rawle J, Kennedy JK. A laboratory study of root fillings in teeth obturated by lateral condensation of gutta-percha or Thermafil obturator. Int Endod J 1994;27:32–38.
  • 15. Gilhooly RMP, Hayes SJ, Bryant ST, Dummer PMH. Comparison of cold lateral condensation and warm multiphase gutta-percha technique for obturating curved root canals. Int Endod J 2000;33:415–420.
  • 16. Gulabivala K, Holt R, Long BY. An in vitro comparison of thermoplasticized gutta-percha obturation techniques with cold lateral condensation. Endod Dent Traumatol 1998;14:262–269.
  • 17. Lea CS, Apicella MJ, Mines P, Yancich PP, Parker H. Comparison of the obturation density of cold lateral compaction versus warm vertical compaction using the continuous wave of condensation technique. J Endod 2005;3:37–39.
  • 18. Venturi M, Breschi L. Evaluation of apical filling after warm vertical guttapercha compaction using different procedures. J Endod 2004;30:436–440.
  • 19. Meister F, Lommel TJ, Gerstein H. Diagnosis and possible causes of vertical root fractures. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1980;49:243–253
  • 20. Obermayer G, Walton RE. Vertical root fracture and relative deformation during obturation and post cementation. J Prosthet Dent 1991;66:181–187.
  • 21. Weller N.M ,Kimbrough W.F and Anderson WR. A comparison of thermoplastic obturation techniques: adaptation to the canal walls. J Endod 1997;23:703-706.
  • 22. Clark.D.S and Eldeeb M.E Apical sealing ability metal versus plastic Thermafil obturators. J.Endod 1993;19:4-9.
  • 23. Limkangwalmongkol S, Abbott PV, Sandler AB. Apical dye penetration with four root canal sealers and guttapercha using longitudinal sectioning. J Endod 1992;11:535–539.
  • 24. Lucena-Martín C, Ferrer-Luque CM, González-Rodríguez MP, Robles-Gijón V, Navajas-Rodríguez de Mondelo JM. A comparative study of apical leakage of Endomethasone, Top Seal, and Roeko Seal sealer cements. J Endod 2002;28:423-426.
  • 25. Wu MK, Özok AR, Wesselink PR. Sealer distribution in root canals obturated by three techniques. Int Dent J 2000;33:340–345.
  • 26. Buchalla W, Attin T, Brücklmaier R, Hellwig E. Computer-supported method for the quantification of apical leakage in filled root canals. Dtsch Zahnärztl Z 1999;54:244-248.
  • 27. Goodis HE, White JM, Marshall Jr, et al. Effects of Nd: and Ho: yttriumaluminium-garnet lasers on human dentine fluid flow and dental pulpchamber temperature in vitro. Archives of Oral Biology 1997;42:845–854.
  • 28. Carvalho CAT, Valera MC, GownSoares S, De Paulo Eduardo C Effects of Nd:YAG and Er:YAG lasers on the sealing of root canal fillings. J Clin Laser Med Surg 2002;20:215–219.
  • 29. Park DS, Lee HJ, Yoo HM Effect of Nd:YAG laser irradiation on the apical leakage of obturated root canals: an electrochemical study. Int Endod J 2001;34:318–321.
  • 30. Baumgartner JC, Mader CL. A scanning electron microscopic evaluation of four root canal irrigation regimens. J Endod 1987;13:147-157.
  • 31. Yamada RS, Armas A, Goldman M, Lin PS. A scanning electron micorscopic comparison of a high volume final flush with several irrigating solutions: part 3. J Endod 1983;9:137-142.
  • 32. Yang SE, Bae KS. Scanning electron microscopy study of the adhesion of Prevotella nigrescens to the dentin of prepared root canals. J Endod 2002;6:433-437.
  • 33. Brayton SM, Davis SR, Goldman M. Gutta-percha root canal fillings. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1973;35:226 –231.
  • 34. Peters DD. Two-year in vitro solubility evaluation of four guttapercha sealer obturation techniques. J Endod 1986;12:139–145.
  • 35. Johnson BT, Bond MS. Leakage associated with single or multiple increment backfill with the Obtura II gutta-percha system. J Endod 1999;25:613-614.
  • 36. Villegas JC, Yoshioka T, Kobayashi C, Suda H. Three-step versus singlestep use of system B: evaluation of gutta-percha root canal fillings and their adaptation to the canal walls. J Endod 2004;30:719-721.
  • 37. Leonardo MV, Goto EH, Torres CR, Borges AB, Carvalho CA, Barcellos DC. Assessment of the apical seal of root canals using different filling techniques. J Oral Sci 2009;51:593-599.
  • 38. Xu Q, Ling J, Cheung GS, Hu Y. A quantitative evaluation of sealing ability of 4 obturation techniques by using a glucose leakage test. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2007;104:109-113.
  • 39. Rajeswarı P, Gopikrishna V, Parameswaran A, Gupta T, Kandaswamy D. In-vitro evaluation of apical microleakage of thermafil and obtura II heated gutta percha in Comparison with cold lateral condensation using fluid filtration system. Endodontology 2005;17:24-28.
  • 40. Lipski M. Root surface temperature rises in vitro during root canal obturation with thermoplasticized guttapercha on a carrier or by injection. J Endod 2004;30:441–443.
  • 41. Eriksson AR, Albrektsson T. Temperature threshold levels for heatinduced bone tissue injury: a vitalmicroscopic study in the rabbit. J Prost Dent 1983;50:101–107.
  • 42. Gutmann JL, Rakusin H, Powe R, Bowles WH. Evaluation of heat transfer during root canal obturation with thermoplasticized gutta-percha. Part II. In vivo response to heat levels generated. J Endod 1987;13:441– 448.
  • 43. Sweatman TL, Baumgartner JG, Sakaguchi RL. Radicular temperatures associated with thermoplasticized guttapercha. J Endod 2001;27:512–517.
  • 44. Barkhordar RA, Goodis HE, Watanabe L, Koumdjian J. Evaluation of temperature rise on the outer surface of teeth during root canal obturation techniques. Quint Int 1990;21:585–588.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Original Research Articles
Authors

Alper Kustarci

Betül Kaya

Dilara Arslan

Kerem Akpınar

Publication Date January 22, 2011
Submission Date September 8, 2010
Published in Issue Year 2011Volume: 14 Issue: 1

Cite

EndNote Kustarci A, Kaya B, Arslan D, Akpınar K (January 1, 2011) Evaluation of the influence of smear layer removal on the sealing ability of two different obturation techniques. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 14 1 24–32.

Cumhuriyet Dental Journal (Cumhuriyet Dent J, CDJ) is the official publication of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry. CDJ is an international journal dedicated to the latest advancement of dentistry. The aim of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments in different areas of dentistry. First issue of the Journal of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry was published in 1998. In 2010, journal's name was changed as Cumhuriyet Dental Journal. Journal’s publication language is English.


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