THE EFFECT OF DIODE LASER AS AN ADJUNCT TO PERIODONTAL TREATMENT ON CLINICAL PERIODONTAL PARAMETERS AND HALITOSIS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL

Mükerrem Hatipoğlu; Zeliha Aytekin; Özlem Daltaban; Rasih Felek; Mehmet Ziya Fırat; Kemal Üstün

doi:10.7126/cumudj.369035

Research Article

Periodontal Tedaviye Destek Olarak Kullanılan Diyot Lazerin Periodontal Klinik Parametrelere Ve Halitozis Üzerine Etkileri: Randomize Kontrollü Klinik Çalışma

Year 2017, Volume: 20 Issue: 3, 152 - 160, 22.12.2017

Mükerrem Hatipoğlu , Zeliha Aytekin , Özlem Daltaban Rasih Felek , Mehmet Ziya Fırat , Kemal Üstün

https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.369035

Cited By: 6

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı geleneksel diş yüzeyi temizliği ve kök yüzeyi
düzleştirmesine (SRP) ek olarak periodontal cep içerisine diyot lazer
uygulamasının periodontal parametreler ve ağız kokusu üzerine klinik
etkinliğini incelemektir. Materyal Metot: Randomize kontrollü klinik
çalışmamızda, tedavi edilmemiş kronik periodontitisli 40 hasta rastgele SRP ve
lazer uygulananlar (lazer grubu n = 20) veya sadece SRP uygulananlar (kontrol
grubu n = 20) olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı. Başlangıçta ve 1. 3. ve 6. aylarda
plak indeksi (PI), gingival indeks (GI), cep derinliği (PD), klinik ataşman
kaybı (CAL), sondalamada kanama (BOP) ve halitozis kaydedildi.

Bulgular: Her iki tedavi metodunda da klinik parametreler ve halitozis seviyeleri
başlangıca göre anlamlı derecede azalma gösterdi.

Sonuç: Bu çalışma, yalnızca SRP'ye kıyasla SRP’ye ek
olarak 940 nm diyot lazer uygulamasında sondalamada kanama ve halitozis
seviyelerinin daha düşük olduğunu göstermiştir.

Keywords

Periodontitis, Diyot Lazer, Halitozis

References

1. Armitage GC. Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions. Annals of periodontology / the American Academy of Periodontology. 1999; 4:1-6.
2. Dukic W, Bago I, Aurer A, Roguljic M. Clinical effectiveness of diode laser therapy as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment: a randomized clinical study. Journal of periodontology. 2013; 84:1111-7.
3. Kaldahl WB, Kalkwarf KL, Patil KD, Molvar MP, Dyer JK. Long-term evaluation of periodontal therapy: I. Response to 4 therapeutic modalities. Journal of periodontology. 1996; 67:93-102.
4. O'Leary TJ. The impact of research on scaling and root planing. Journal of periodontology. 1986; 57:69-75.
5. Cugini MA, Haffajee AD, Smith C, Kent RL, Jr., Socransky SS. The effect of scaling and root planing on the clinical and microbiological parameters of periodontal diseases: 12-month results. Journal of clinical periodontology. 2000; 27:30-6.
6. Lindhe J, Nyman S. Scaling and granulation tissue removal in periodontal therapy. Journal of clinical periodontology. 1985; 12:374-88.
7. Kaldahl WB, Johnson GK, Patil KD, Kalkwarf KL. Levels of cigarette consumption and response to periodontal therapy. Journal of periodontology. 1996; 67:675-81.
8. Sherman PR, Hutchens LH, Jr., Jewson LG. The effectiveness of subgingival scaling and root planing. II. Clinical responses related to residual calculus. Journal of periodontology. 1990; 61:9-15.
9. Mombelli A. Antimicrobial advances in treating periodontal diseases. Frontiers of oral biology. 2012; 15:133-48.
10. Sanz M, Teughels W, Group AoEWoP. Innovations in non-surgical periodontal therapy: Consensus Report of the Sixth European Workshop on Periodontology. Journal of clinical periodontology. 2008; 35:3-7.
11. Socransky SS, Haffajee AD. Dental biofilms: difficult therapeutic targets. Periodontology 2000. 2002; 28:12-55.
12. Saglam M, Kantarci A, Dundar N, Hakki SS. Clinical and biochemical effects of diode laser as an adjunct to nonsurgical treatment of chronic periodontitis: a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Lasers in medical science. 2014; 29:37-46.
13. Aoki A, Sasaki KM, Watanabe H, Ishikawa I. Lasers in nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Periodontology 2000. 2004; 36:59-97.
14. Ishikawa I, Aoki A, Takasaki AA, Mizutani K, Sasaki KM, Izumi Y. Application of lasers in periodontics: true innovation or myth? Periodontology 2000. 2009; 50:90-126.
15. Yiğit ŞB GM. Periodontolojide lazer. Selçuk Üniversitesi Dişhekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi. 2007; 16:67-73.
16. Research S, Therapy Committee of the American Academy of P. Lasers in periodontics. Journal of periodontology. 2002; 73:1231-9.
17. Moritz A, Gutknecht N, Doertbudak O, Goharkhay K, Schoop U, Schauer P, et al. Bacterial reduction in periodontal pockets through irradiation with a diode laser: a pilot study. Journal of clinical laser medicine & surgery. 1997; 15:33-7.
18. Harris DM, Yessik M. Therapeutic ratio quantifies laser antisepsis: ablation of Porphyromonas gingivalis with dental lasers. Lasers in surgery and medicine. 2004; 35:206-13.
19. Moritz A, Schoop U, Goharkhay K, Schauer P, Doertbudak O, Wernisch J, et al. Treatment of periodontal pockets with a diode laser. Lasers in surgery and medicine. 1998; 22:302-11.
20. Shimura M, Watanabe S, Iwakura M, Oshikiri Y, Kusumoto M, Ikawa K, et al. Correlation between measurements using a new halitosis monitor and organoleptic assessment. Journal of periodontology. 1997; 68:1182-5.
21. Quirynen M, Avontroodt P, Soers C, Zhao H, Pauwels M, van Steenberghe D. Impact of tongue cleansers on microbial load and taste. Journal of clinical periodontology. 2004; 31:506-10.
22. Tangerman A, Winkel EG. Intra- and extra-oral halitosis: finding of a new form of extra-oral blood-borne halitosis caused by dimethyl sulphide. Journal of clinical periodontology. 2007; 34:748-55.
23. Morita M, Wang HL. Association between oral malodor and adult periodontitis: a review. Journal of clinical periodontology. 2001; 28:813-9.
24. Bollen CM, Beikler T. Halitosis: the multidisciplinary approach. International journal of oral science. 2012; 4:55-63.
25. Amir E, Shimonov R, Rosenberg M. Halitosis in children. The Journal of pediatrics. 1999; 134:338-43.
26. Marocchio LS, Junior DS, de Sousa SC, Fabre RF, Raitz R. Multifocal diffuse oral melanoacanthoma: a case report. Journal of oral science. 2009; 51:463-6.
27. Scully C, Greenman J. Halitology (breath odour: aetiopathogenesis and management). Oral diseases. 2012; 18:333-45.
28. TAŞDOĞAN BE GY. Halitozis ve Helikobakter pilori. . Güncel Gastroenteroloji Dergisi. 2015; 15.
29. Torresyap G, Haffajee AD, Uzel NG, Socransky SS. Relationship between periodontal pocket sulfide levels and subgingival species. Journal of clinical periodontology. 2003; 30:1003-10.
30. Sanz M, Roldan S, Herrera D. Fundamentals of breath malodour. The journal of contemporary dental practice. 2001; 2:1-17.
31. Yaegaki K, Sanada K. Volatile sulfur compounds in mouth air from clinically healthy subjects and patients with periodontal disease. Journal of periodontal research. 1992; 27:233-8.
32. Yaegaki K, Coil JM. Examination, classification, and treatment of halitosis; clinical perspectives. Journal. 2000; 66:257-61.
33. Johnson PW, Yaegaki K, Tonzetich J. Effect of volatile thiol compounds on protein metabolism by human gingival fibroblasts. Journal of periodontal research. 1992; 27:553-61.
34. Johnson P, Yaegaki K, Tonzetich J. Effect of methyl mercaptan on synthesis and degradation of collagen. Journal of periodontal research. 1996; 31:323-9.
35. Calenic B, Yaegaki K, Murata T, Imai T, Aoyama I, Sato T, et al. Oral malodorous compound triggers mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis and causes genomic DNA damage in human gingival epithelial cells. Journal of periodontal research. 2010; 45:31-7.
36. Yaegaki K, Qian W, Murata T, Imai T, Sato T, Tanaka T, et al. Oral malodorous compound causes apoptosis and genomic DNA damage in human gingival fibroblasts. Journal of periodontal research. 2008; 43:391-9.
37. Ng W, Tonzetich J. Effect of hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan on the permeability of oral mucosa. Journal of dental research. 1984; 63:994-7.
38. Rosenberg M, Kulkarni GV, Bosy A, McCulloch CA. Reproducibility and sensitivity of oral malodor measurements with a portable sulphide monitor. Journal of dental research. 1991; 70:1436-40.
39. Kim DJ, Lee JY, Kho HS, Chung JW, Park HK, Kim YK. A new organoleptic testing method for evaluating halitosis. Journal of periodontology. 2009; 80:93-7.
40. Murata T, Rahardjo A, Fujiyama Y, Yamaga T, Hanada M, Yaegaki K, et al. Development of a compact and simple gas chromatography for oral malodor measurement. Journal of periodontology. 2006; 77:1142-7.
41. Rosenberg M, McCulloch CA. Measurement of oral malodor: current methods and future prospects. Journal of periodontology. 1992; 63:776-82.
42. Kizhner V, Xu D, Krespi YP. A new tool measuring oral malodor quality of life. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies. 2011; 268:1227-32.
43. Rosenberg M. Bad breath, diagnosis and treatment. University of Toronto dental journal. 1990; 3:7-11.
44. Donaldson AC, Riggio MP, Rolph HJ, Bagg J, Hodge PJ. Clinical examination of subjects with halitosis. Oral diseases. 2007; 13:63-70.
45. Furne J, Majerus G, Lenton P, Springfield J, Levitt DG, Levitt MD. Comparison of volatile sulfur compound concentrations measured with a sulfide detector vs. gas chromatography. Journal of dental research. 2002; 81:140-3.
46. Rosenberg M. Bad breath and periodontal disease: how related are they? Journal of clinical periodontology. 2006; 33:29-30.
47. Raangs GC, Winkel EG, van Winkelhoff AJ. In vitro antimicrobial effects of two antihalitosis mouth rinses on oral pathogens and human tongue microbiota. International journal of dental hygiene. 2013; 11:203-7.
48. Tolentino Ede S, Chinellato LE, Tarzia O. Saliva and tongue coating pH before and after use of mouthwashes and relationship with parameters of halitosis. Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB. 2011; 19:90-4.
49. Wainwright M. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT). The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. 1998; 42:13-28.
50. Saad S, Greenman J, Shaw H. Comparative effects of various commercially available mouthrinse formulations on oral malodor. Oral diseases. 2011; 17:180-6.
51. Quirynen M, Mongardini C, van Steenberghe D. The effect of a 1-stage full-mouth disinfection on oral malodor and microbial colonization of the tongue in periodontitis. A pilot study. Journal of periodontology. 1998; 69:374-82.
52. Karlsson MR, Diogo Lofgren CI, Jansson HM. The effect of laser therapy as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment in subjects with chronic periodontitis: a systematic review. Journal of periodontology. 2008; 79:2021-8.
53. Cobb CM. Lasers in periodontics: a review of the literature. Journal of periodontology. 2006; 77:545-64.
54. Slot DE, Kranendonk AA, Paraskevas S, Van der Weijden F. The effect of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser in non-surgical periodontal therapy. Journal of periodontology. 2009; 80:1041-56.
55. Miyazaki A, Yamaguchi T, Nishikata J, Okuda K, Suda S, Orima K, et al. Effects of Nd:YAG and CO2 laser treatment and ultrasonic scaling on periodontal pockets of chronic periodontitis patients. Journal of periodontology. 2003; 74:175-80.
56. De Micheli G, de Andrade AK, Alves VT, Seto M, Pannuti CM, Cai S. Efficacy of high intensity diode laser as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment: a randomized controlled trial. Lasers in medical science. 2011; 26:43-8.
57. Ambrosini P, Miller N, Briancon S, Gallina S, Penaud J. Clinical and microbiological evaluation of the effectiveness of the Nd:Yap laser for the initial treatment of adult periodontitis. A randomized controlled study. Journal of clinical periodontology. 2005; 32:670-6.
58. Aykol G, Baser U, Maden I, Kazak Z, Onan U, Tanrikulu-Kucuk S, et al. The effect of low-level laser therapy as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment. Journal of periodontology. 2011; 82:481-8.
59. Kreisler M, Al Haj H, d'Hoedt B. Clinical efficacy of semiconductor laser application as an adjunct to conventional scaling and root planing. Lasers in surgery and medicine. 2005; 37:350-5.
60. Qadri T, Miranda L, Tuner J, Gustafsson A. The short-term effects of low-level lasers as adjunct therapy in the treatment of periodontal inflammation. Journal of clinical periodontology. 2005; 32:714-9.
61. Ustun K, Erciyas K, Sezer U, Senyurt SZ, Gundogar H, Ustun O, et al. Clinical and biochemical effects of 810 nm diode laser as an adjunct to periodontal therapy: a randomized split-mouth clinical trial. Photomedicine and laser surgery. 2014; 32:61-6.
62. Loesche WJ, Kazor C. Microbiology and treatment of halitosis. Periodontology 2000. 2002; 28:256-79.
63. Miyazaki H, Sakao S, Katoh Y, Takehara T. Correlation between volatile sulphur compounds and certain oral health measurements in the general population. Journal of periodontology. 1995; 66:679-84.
64. Soder B, Johansson B, Soder PO. The relation between foetor ex ore, oral hygiene and periodontal disease. Swedish dental journal. 2000; 24:73-82.
65. Proietti MC, Reisser J, Marins LF, Marcovaldi MA, Soares LS, Monteiro DS, et al. Hawksbill x loggerhead sea turtle hybrids at Bahia, Brazil: where do their offspring go? PeerJ. 2014; 2:e255.
66. Persson S, Edlund MB, Claesson R, Carlsson J. The formation of hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan by oral bacteria. Oral microbiology and immunology. 1990; 5:195-201.
67. Pham TA, Ueno M, Zaitsu T, Takehara S, Shinada K, Lam PH, et al. Clinical trial of oral malodor treatment in patients with periodontal diseases. Journal of periodontal research. 2011; 46:722-9.
68. Morita M, Wang HL. Relationship of sulcular sulfide level to severity of periodontal disease and BANA test. Journal of periodontology. 2001; 72:74-8.
69. Coli JM, Tonzetich J. Characterization of volatile sulphur compounds production at individual gingival crevicular sites in humans. The Journal of clinical dentistry. 1992; 3:97-103.

THE EFFECT OF DIODE LASER AS AN ADJUNCT TO PERIODONTAL TREATMENT ON CLINICAL PERIODONTAL PARAMETERS AND HALITOSIS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL

Year 2017, Volume: 20 Issue: 3, 152 - 160, 22.12.2017

Mükerrem Hatipoğlu , Zeliha Aytekin , Özlem Daltaban Rasih Felek , Mehmet Ziya Fırat , Kemal Üstün

https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.369035

Cited By: 6

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the clinical efficiency
of diode laser periodontal pocket irradiation as an adjunct to conventional
scaling and root planning (SRP) on periodontal parameters and halitosis.

Material and Methods: In our randomized, controlled clinical trial, 40 patients
with untreated chronic periodontitis were randomly separated into two group to
receive SRP with laser (laser group n=20) or SRP solely (control group n=20).
Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PD), clinic
attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP) and halitosis were recorded at
baseline and 1st ,3rd and6th months after treatment by a
periodontist.

Results: Both treatment methods showed significant reductions in
clinical parameters and halitosis levels compared to baseline.

Conclusion: The present study indicates that compared to SRP solely,
adjunctive applications of a 940-nm diode laser with SRP showed lower bleeding
on probing and halitosis levels.

Keywords

Periodontitis, Diode Laser, Halitosis

References

1. Armitage GC. Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions. Annals of periodontology / the American Academy of Periodontology. 1999; 4:1-6.
2. Dukic W, Bago I, Aurer A, Roguljic M. Clinical effectiveness of diode laser therapy as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment: a randomized clinical study. Journal of periodontology. 2013; 84:1111-7.
3. Kaldahl WB, Kalkwarf KL, Patil KD, Molvar MP, Dyer JK. Long-term evaluation of periodontal therapy: I. Response to 4 therapeutic modalities. Journal of periodontology. 1996; 67:93-102.
4. O'Leary TJ. The impact of research on scaling and root planing. Journal of periodontology. 1986; 57:69-75.
5. Cugini MA, Haffajee AD, Smith C, Kent RL, Jr., Socransky SS. The effect of scaling and root planing on the clinical and microbiological parameters of periodontal diseases: 12-month results. Journal of clinical periodontology. 2000; 27:30-6.
6. Lindhe J, Nyman S. Scaling and granulation tissue removal in periodontal therapy. Journal of clinical periodontology. 1985; 12:374-88.
7. Kaldahl WB, Johnson GK, Patil KD, Kalkwarf KL. Levels of cigarette consumption and response to periodontal therapy. Journal of periodontology. 1996; 67:675-81.
8. Sherman PR, Hutchens LH, Jr., Jewson LG. The effectiveness of subgingival scaling and root planing. II. Clinical responses related to residual calculus. Journal of periodontology. 1990; 61:9-15.
9. Mombelli A. Antimicrobial advances in treating periodontal diseases. Frontiers of oral biology. 2012; 15:133-48.
10. Sanz M, Teughels W, Group AoEWoP. Innovations in non-surgical periodontal therapy: Consensus Report of the Sixth European Workshop on Periodontology. Journal of clinical periodontology. 2008; 35:3-7.
11. Socransky SS, Haffajee AD. Dental biofilms: difficult therapeutic targets. Periodontology 2000. 2002; 28:12-55.
12. Saglam M, Kantarci A, Dundar N, Hakki SS. Clinical and biochemical effects of diode laser as an adjunct to nonsurgical treatment of chronic periodontitis: a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Lasers in medical science. 2014; 29:37-46.
13. Aoki A, Sasaki KM, Watanabe H, Ishikawa I. Lasers in nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Periodontology 2000. 2004; 36:59-97.
14. Ishikawa I, Aoki A, Takasaki AA, Mizutani K, Sasaki KM, Izumi Y. Application of lasers in periodontics: true innovation or myth? Periodontology 2000. 2009; 50:90-126.
15. Yiğit ŞB GM. Periodontolojide lazer. Selçuk Üniversitesi Dişhekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi. 2007; 16:67-73.
16. Research S, Therapy Committee of the American Academy of P. Lasers in periodontics. Journal of periodontology. 2002; 73:1231-9.
17. Moritz A, Gutknecht N, Doertbudak O, Goharkhay K, Schoop U, Schauer P, et al. Bacterial reduction in periodontal pockets through irradiation with a diode laser: a pilot study. Journal of clinical laser medicine & surgery. 1997; 15:33-7.
18. Harris DM, Yessik M. Therapeutic ratio quantifies laser antisepsis: ablation of Porphyromonas gingivalis with dental lasers. Lasers in surgery and medicine. 2004; 35:206-13.
19. Moritz A, Schoop U, Goharkhay K, Schauer P, Doertbudak O, Wernisch J, et al. Treatment of periodontal pockets with a diode laser. Lasers in surgery and medicine. 1998; 22:302-11.
20. Shimura M, Watanabe S, Iwakura M, Oshikiri Y, Kusumoto M, Ikawa K, et al. Correlation between measurements using a new halitosis monitor and organoleptic assessment. Journal of periodontology. 1997; 68:1182-5.
21. Quirynen M, Avontroodt P, Soers C, Zhao H, Pauwels M, van Steenberghe D. Impact of tongue cleansers on microbial load and taste. Journal of clinical periodontology. 2004; 31:506-10.
22. Tangerman A, Winkel EG. Intra- and extra-oral halitosis: finding of a new form of extra-oral blood-borne halitosis caused by dimethyl sulphide. Journal of clinical periodontology. 2007; 34:748-55.
23. Morita M, Wang HL. Association between oral malodor and adult periodontitis: a review. Journal of clinical periodontology. 2001; 28:813-9.
24. Bollen CM, Beikler T. Halitosis: the multidisciplinary approach. International journal of oral science. 2012; 4:55-63.
25. Amir E, Shimonov R, Rosenberg M. Halitosis in children. The Journal of pediatrics. 1999; 134:338-43.
26. Marocchio LS, Junior DS, de Sousa SC, Fabre RF, Raitz R. Multifocal diffuse oral melanoacanthoma: a case report. Journal of oral science. 2009; 51:463-6.
27. Scully C, Greenman J. Halitology (breath odour: aetiopathogenesis and management). Oral diseases. 2012; 18:333-45.
28. TAŞDOĞAN BE GY. Halitozis ve Helikobakter pilori. . Güncel Gastroenteroloji Dergisi. 2015; 15.
29. Torresyap G, Haffajee AD, Uzel NG, Socransky SS. Relationship between periodontal pocket sulfide levels and subgingival species. Journal of clinical periodontology. 2003; 30:1003-10.
30. Sanz M, Roldan S, Herrera D. Fundamentals of breath malodour. The journal of contemporary dental practice. 2001; 2:1-17.
31. Yaegaki K, Sanada K. Volatile sulfur compounds in mouth air from clinically healthy subjects and patients with periodontal disease. Journal of periodontal research. 1992; 27:233-8.
32. Yaegaki K, Coil JM. Examination, classification, and treatment of halitosis; clinical perspectives. Journal. 2000; 66:257-61.
33. Johnson PW, Yaegaki K, Tonzetich J. Effect of volatile thiol compounds on protein metabolism by human gingival fibroblasts. Journal of periodontal research. 1992; 27:553-61.
34. Johnson P, Yaegaki K, Tonzetich J. Effect of methyl mercaptan on synthesis and degradation of collagen. Journal of periodontal research. 1996; 31:323-9.
35. Calenic B, Yaegaki K, Murata T, Imai T, Aoyama I, Sato T, et al. Oral malodorous compound triggers mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis and causes genomic DNA damage in human gingival epithelial cells. Journal of periodontal research. 2010; 45:31-7.
36. Yaegaki K, Qian W, Murata T, Imai T, Sato T, Tanaka T, et al. Oral malodorous compound causes apoptosis and genomic DNA damage in human gingival fibroblasts. Journal of periodontal research. 2008; 43:391-9.
37. Ng W, Tonzetich J. Effect of hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan on the permeability of oral mucosa. Journal of dental research. 1984; 63:994-7.
38. Rosenberg M, Kulkarni GV, Bosy A, McCulloch CA. Reproducibility and sensitivity of oral malodor measurements with a portable sulphide monitor. Journal of dental research. 1991; 70:1436-40.
39. Kim DJ, Lee JY, Kho HS, Chung JW, Park HK, Kim YK. A new organoleptic testing method for evaluating halitosis. Journal of periodontology. 2009; 80:93-7.
40. Murata T, Rahardjo A, Fujiyama Y, Yamaga T, Hanada M, Yaegaki K, et al. Development of a compact and simple gas chromatography for oral malodor measurement. Journal of periodontology. 2006; 77:1142-7.
41. Rosenberg M, McCulloch CA. Measurement of oral malodor: current methods and future prospects. Journal of periodontology. 1992; 63:776-82.
42. Kizhner V, Xu D, Krespi YP. A new tool measuring oral malodor quality of life. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies. 2011; 268:1227-32.
43. Rosenberg M. Bad breath, diagnosis and treatment. University of Toronto dental journal. 1990; 3:7-11.
44. Donaldson AC, Riggio MP, Rolph HJ, Bagg J, Hodge PJ. Clinical examination of subjects with halitosis. Oral diseases. 2007; 13:63-70.
45. Furne J, Majerus G, Lenton P, Springfield J, Levitt DG, Levitt MD. Comparison of volatile sulfur compound concentrations measured with a sulfide detector vs. gas chromatography. Journal of dental research. 2002; 81:140-3.
46. Rosenberg M. Bad breath and periodontal disease: how related are they? Journal of clinical periodontology. 2006; 33:29-30.
47. Raangs GC, Winkel EG, van Winkelhoff AJ. In vitro antimicrobial effects of two antihalitosis mouth rinses on oral pathogens and human tongue microbiota. International journal of dental hygiene. 2013; 11:203-7.
48. Tolentino Ede S, Chinellato LE, Tarzia O. Saliva and tongue coating pH before and after use of mouthwashes and relationship with parameters of halitosis. Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB. 2011; 19:90-4.
49. Wainwright M. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT). The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. 1998; 42:13-28.
50. Saad S, Greenman J, Shaw H. Comparative effects of various commercially available mouthrinse formulations on oral malodor. Oral diseases. 2011; 17:180-6.
51. Quirynen M, Mongardini C, van Steenberghe D. The effect of a 1-stage full-mouth disinfection on oral malodor and microbial colonization of the tongue in periodontitis. A pilot study. Journal of periodontology. 1998; 69:374-82.
52. Karlsson MR, Diogo Lofgren CI, Jansson HM. The effect of laser therapy as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment in subjects with chronic periodontitis: a systematic review. Journal of periodontology. 2008; 79:2021-8.
53. Cobb CM. Lasers in periodontics: a review of the literature. Journal of periodontology. 2006; 77:545-64.
54. Slot DE, Kranendonk AA, Paraskevas S, Van der Weijden F. The effect of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser in non-surgical periodontal therapy. Journal of periodontology. 2009; 80:1041-56.
55. Miyazaki A, Yamaguchi T, Nishikata J, Okuda K, Suda S, Orima K, et al. Effects of Nd:YAG and CO2 laser treatment and ultrasonic scaling on periodontal pockets of chronic periodontitis patients. Journal of periodontology. 2003; 74:175-80.
56. De Micheli G, de Andrade AK, Alves VT, Seto M, Pannuti CM, Cai S. Efficacy of high intensity diode laser as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment: a randomized controlled trial. Lasers in medical science. 2011; 26:43-8.
57. Ambrosini P, Miller N, Briancon S, Gallina S, Penaud J. Clinical and microbiological evaluation of the effectiveness of the Nd:Yap laser for the initial treatment of adult periodontitis. A randomized controlled study. Journal of clinical periodontology. 2005; 32:670-6.
58. Aykol G, Baser U, Maden I, Kazak Z, Onan U, Tanrikulu-Kucuk S, et al. The effect of low-level laser therapy as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment. Journal of periodontology. 2011; 82:481-8.
59. Kreisler M, Al Haj H, d'Hoedt B. Clinical efficacy of semiconductor laser application as an adjunct to conventional scaling and root planing. Lasers in surgery and medicine. 2005; 37:350-5.
60. Qadri T, Miranda L, Tuner J, Gustafsson A. The short-term effects of low-level lasers as adjunct therapy in the treatment of periodontal inflammation. Journal of clinical periodontology. 2005; 32:714-9.
61. Ustun K, Erciyas K, Sezer U, Senyurt SZ, Gundogar H, Ustun O, et al. Clinical and biochemical effects of 810 nm diode laser as an adjunct to periodontal therapy: a randomized split-mouth clinical trial. Photomedicine and laser surgery. 2014; 32:61-6.
62. Loesche WJ, Kazor C. Microbiology and treatment of halitosis. Periodontology 2000. 2002; 28:256-79.
63. Miyazaki H, Sakao S, Katoh Y, Takehara T. Correlation between volatile sulphur compounds and certain oral health measurements in the general population. Journal of periodontology. 1995; 66:679-84.
64. Soder B, Johansson B, Soder PO. The relation between foetor ex ore, oral hygiene and periodontal disease. Swedish dental journal. 2000; 24:73-82.
65. Proietti MC, Reisser J, Marins LF, Marcovaldi MA, Soares LS, Monteiro DS, et al. Hawksbill x loggerhead sea turtle hybrids at Bahia, Brazil: where do their offspring go? PeerJ. 2014; 2:e255.
66. Persson S, Edlund MB, Claesson R, Carlsson J. The formation of hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan by oral bacteria. Oral microbiology and immunology. 1990; 5:195-201.
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There are 69 citations in total.

Details

Subjects	Health Care Administration
Journal Section	Original Research Articles
Authors	Mükerrem Hatipoğlu Zeliha Aytekin Özlem Daltaban Rasih Felek Mehmet Ziya Fırat Kemal Üstün
Publication Date	December 22, 2017
Submission Date	October 20, 2015
Published in Issue	Year 2017Volume: 20 Issue: 3

Cite

EndNote	Hatipoğlu M, Aytekin Z, Daltaban Ö, Felek R, Fırat MZ, Üstün K (December 1, 2017) THE EFFECT OF DIODE LASER AS AN ADJUNCT TO PERIODONTAL TREATMENT ON CLINICAL PERIODONTAL PARAMETERS AND HALITOSIS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 20 3 152–160.

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Cumhuriyet Dental Journal (Cumhuriyet Dent J, CDJ) is the official publication of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry. CDJ is an international journal dedicated to the latest advancement of dentistry. The aim of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments in different areas of dentistry. First issue of the Journal of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry was published in 1998. In 2010, journal's name was changed as Cumhuriyet Dental Journal. Journal’s publication language is English.

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