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CLEAR CELL ODONTOGENIC CARCINOMA OF THE MANDIBLE WITH PERINEURAL INVASION: A REVIEW

Year 2017, Volume: 20 Issue: 1, 53 - 61, 07.05.2017

Amin Rahpeyma Saeedeh Khajehahmadı , Elahe Mahmoudi Hashemı

https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.307315

Abstract

Objectives: Clear
cell odontogenic carcinoma (CCOC) is a rare aggressive cancer of the oral
cavity. Diagnosis is mainly by excluding other pathologic lesions containing
clear cells. Perineural invasion may be an important feature in this lesion.

Methods:
We performed a literature review. We paid attention to the CCOC and perineural
invasion in the search of English language literatures in the Pubmed.

Results:
Analysis of previously reported cases of CCOC showed that up to2014 there were
74 reported CCOC cases in English articles, cited in PubMed. There was only one
previous report of perineural invasion. Anew case is also presented in this
article.







Conclusion:
Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma needs a special immunohistochemical protocol
and complete workup to reach a correct diagnosis. Perineural invasion should be
considered in central lesions of the mandible.

Keywords

Clear cell odontogeniccarcinoma Submentalflap Mandible Perineuralinvasion

References

  • Referans1. Bilodeau EA, Weinreb I, Antonescu CR, Zhang L, Dacic S, Muller S, et al. Clear cell odontogenic carcinomas show EWSR1 rearrangements: a novel finding and a biological link to salivary clear cell carcinomas. The American journal of surgical pathology. 2013;37:1001-5.
  • Referans2. Yazici ZM, Mete O, Elmali Z, Sayin I, Yilmazer R, Kayhan FT. Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma of the maxilla. Acta medica (Hradec Kralove)/Universitas Carolina, Facultas Medica Hradec Kralove. 2011;54: 122-4.
  • Referans3. Bilodeau EA, Hoschar AP, Barnes EL, Hunt JL, Seethala RR. Clear cell carcinoma and clear cell odontogenic carcinoma: a comparative clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study. Head and neck pathology. 2011;5:101-7.
  • Referans4. Hansen LS, Eversole LR, Green TL, Powell NB. Clear cell odontogenic tumor--a new histologic variant with aggressive potential. Head & neck surgery. 1985;8:115-23.
  • Referans5. Infante-Cossio P, Torres-Carranza E, Gonzalez-Perez LM, Gonzalez-Cardero E, Sanchez-Gallego F. Atypical presentation of clear cell odontogenic carcinoma. The Journal of craniofacial surgery. 2012;23:e466-8.
  • Referans6. Kumar M, Fasanmade A, Barrett AW, Mack G, Newman L, Hyde NC. Metastasising clear cell odontogenic carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature. Oral oncology. 2003;39:190-4.
  • Referans7. Brinck U, Gunawan B, Schulten HJ, Pinzon W, Fischer U, Fuzesi L. Clear-cell odontogenic carcinoma with pulmonary metastases resembling pulmonary meningothelial-like nodules. Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology. 2001;438:412-7.
  • Referans8. Avninder S, Rakheja D, Bhatnagar A. Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma: a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. World journal of surgical oncology. 2006;4:91.
  • Referans9. Muramatsu T, Hashimoto S, Inoue T, Shimono M, Noma H, Shigematsu T. Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma in the mandible: histochemical and immunohistochemical observations with a review of the literature. Journal of oral pathology & medicine: official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology. 1996;25:516-21.
  • Referans10. Siriwardena BS, Tilakaratne WM, Rajapaksha RM. Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma-a case report and review of literature. International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery. 2004;33:512-4.
  • Referans11. Ebert CS, Jr., Dubin MG, Hart CF, Chalian AA, Shockley WW. Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma: a comprehensive analysis of treatment strategies. Head & neck. 2005;27: 536-42.
  • Referans12. Werle H, Blake FA, Reichelt U, Schmelzle R, Heiland M. Clear-cell odontogenic carcinoma: a new case and long-term follow-up of an old case, and review of the literature. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. 2009;67:1342-8.
  • Referans13. Swain N, Dhariwal R, Ray JG. Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma of maxilla: A case report and mini review. Journal of oral and maxillofacial pathology: JOMFP. 2013;17:89-94.
  • Referans14. Li TJ, Yu SF, Gao Y, Wang EB. Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma: a clinicopathologic and immunocytochemical study of 5 cases. Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine. 2001;125:1566-71.
  • Referans15. Xavier FC, Rodini CO, Ramalho LM, Sarmento VA, Nunes FD, de Sousa SC. Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma: case report with immunohistochemical findings adding support to the challenging diagnosis. Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics. 2008;106:403-10.
  • Referans16. de Oliveira MG, Chaves AC, Visioli F, Rojas EU, Moure SP, Romanini J, et al. Peripheral clear cell variant of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor affecting 2 sites: report of a case. Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics. 2009;107:407-11.
  • Referans17. Benton DC, Eisenberg E. Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma: report of a case. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery: official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. 2001;59:83-8.
  • Referans18. Ogawa I, Nikai H, Takata T, Ijuhin N, Miyauchi M, Ito H, et al. Clear cell tumors of minor salivary gland origin. An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analysis. Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology. 1991;72:200-7.
  • Referans19. Ogawa I, Nikai H, Takata T, Yasui R. Clear-cell variant of mucoepidermoid carcinoma: report of a case with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural observations. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery: official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. 1992;50:906-10.
  • Referans20. Michal M, Skalova A, Simpson RH, Rychterova V, Leivo I. Clear cell malignant myoepithelioma of the salivary glands. Histopathology. 1996;28:309-15.
  • Referans21. Maiorano E, Altini M, Favia G. Clear cell tumors of the salivary glands, jaws, and oral mucosa. Seminars in diagnostic pathology. 1997;14:203-12.
  • Referans22. Savera AT, Sloman A, Huvos AG, Klimstra DS. Myoepithelial carcinoma of the salivary glands: a clinicopathologic study of 25 patients. The American journal of surgical pathology. 2000;24:761-74.
  • Referans23. Mari A, Escutia E, Carrera M, Pericot J. Clear cell ameloblastoma or odontogenic carcinoma. A case report. Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery: official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. 1995;23:387-90.
  • Referans24. Seifert G, Hennings K, Caselitz J. Metastatic tumors to the parotid and submandibular glands-analysis and differential diagnosis of 108 cases. Pathology, research and practice. 1986;181:684-92.
  • Referans25. Chung EB, Enzinger FM. Malignant melanoma of soft parts. A reassessment of clear cell sarcoma. The American journal of surgical pathology. 1983;7:405-13.
  • Referans26. Adamo AK, Boguslaw B, Coomaraswarmy MA, Simos C. Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma of the mandible: case report. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery: official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. 2002;60:121-6.
  • Referans27. Hirshberg A, Leibovich P, Buchner A. Metastatic tumors to the jawbones: analysis of 390 cases. Journal of oral pathology & medicine: official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology. 1994;23:337-41.
  • Referans28. Martin D, Pascal JF, Baudet J, Mondie JM, Farhat JB, Athoum A, et al. The submental island flap: a new donor site. Anatomy and clinical applications as a free or pedicled flap. Plastic and reconstructive surgery. 1993;92:867-73.
  • Referans29. Sterne GD, Januszkiewicz JS, Hall PN, Bardsley AF. The submental island flap. British journal of plastic surgery. 1996;49:85-9.
  • Referans30. Faltaous AA, Yetman RJ. The submental artery flap: an anatomic study. Plastic and reconstructive surgery. 1996;97:56-60; discussion 1-2.
  • Referans31. Curran AJ, Neligan P, Gullane PJ. Submental artery island flap. The Laryngoscope. 1997;107:1545-9.
  • Referans32. Coletti DP, Ord R, Liu X. Mandibular reconstruction and second generation locking reconstruction plates: outcome of 110 patients. International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery. 2009;38:960-3.
  • Referans33. van Weert S, Bloemena E, van der Waal I, de Bree R, Rietveld DH, Kuik JD, et al. Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck: a single-center analysis of 105 consecutive cases over a 30-year period. Oral oncology. 2013;49:824-9.
  • Referans34. Ceyhan GO, Demir IE, Altintas B, Rauch U, Thiel G, Muller MW, et al. Neural invasion in pancreatic cancer: a mutual tropism between neurons and cancer cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 2008; 374:442-7.
  • Referans35. Chinn SB, Spector ME, Bellile EL, McHugh JB, Gernon TJ, Bradford CR, et al. Impact of perineural invasion in the pathologically N0 neck in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2013;149:893-9.
  • Referans36. Binmadi NO, Basile JR. Perineural invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a discussion of significance and review of the literature. Oral oncology. 2011;47:1005-10.
  • Referans37. Batsakis JG. Nerves and neurotropic carcinomas. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology. 1985;94:426-7.
  • Referans38. Liebig C, Ayala G, Wilks JA, Berger DH, Albo D. Perineural invasion in cancer: a review of the literature. Cancer. 2009;115: 3379-91.
  • Referans39. Miller ME, Palla B, Chen Q, Elashoff DA, Abemayor E, St John MA, et al. A novel classification system for perineural invasion in noncutaneous head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: histologic subcategories and patient outcomes. American journal of otolaryngology. 2012;33:212-5.
  • Referans40. Waroquier D, Vadoud J, Vereecken P, Vangeertruyden J, Laporte M. [Neurotropic metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma]. Annales de dermatologie et de venereologie. 2004;131:187-9.
  • Referans41. Ariji E, Ozeki S, Yonetsu K, Sasaguri M, Miwa K, Kanda S, et al. Central squamous cell carcinoma of the mandible. Computed tomographic findings. Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology. 1994;77:541-8.
  • Referans42. Soo KC, Carter RL, O'Brien CJ, Barr L, Bliss JM, Shaw HJ. Prognostic implications of perineural spread in squamous carcinomas of the head and neck. The Laryngoscope. 1986; 96:1145-8.
  • Referans43. Trobe JD, Hood CI, Parsons JT, Quisling RG. Intracranial spread of squamous carcinoma along the trigeminal nerve. Archives of ophthalmology. 1982;100:608-11.
  • Referans44. Hagiwara M, Nusbaum A, Schmidt BL. MR assessment of oral cavity carcinomas. Magnetic resonance imaging clinics of North America. 2012;20:473-94.
  • Referans45. Matzko J, Becker DG, Phillips CD. Obliteration of fat planes by perineural spread of squamous cell carcinoma along the inferior alveolar nerve. AJNR American journal of neuroradiology. 1994;15:1843-5.
  • Referans46. Zupi A, Mangone GM, Piombino P, Califano L. Perineural invasion of the lower alveolar nerve by oral cancer: a follow-up study of 12 cases. Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. 1998;26:318-21.
  • Referans47. Dunn M, Morgan MB, Beer TW. Perineural invasion: identification, significance, and a standardized definition. Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al]. 2009;35:214-21.
  • Referans48. Williams LS. Advanced concepts in the imaging of perineural spread of tumor to the trigeminal nerve. Topics in magnetic resonance imaging : TMRI. 1999;10:376-83.

Perinöral İnvazyon Gösteren Alt Çene Berrak Hücreli Odontojenik Karsinom: Bir Derleme

Year 2017, Volume: 20 Issue: 1, 53 - 61, 07.05.2017

Amin Rahpeyma Saeedeh Khajehahmadı , Elahe Mahmoudi Hashemı

https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.307315

Abstract

Amaç: Berrak hücreli
odontojenik karsinom (BHOK), oral kavitede nadir bulunan agresif bir kanserdir.
Tanı esas olarak berrak hücreler içeren diğer patolojik lezyonları dışlar. Bu
lezyonda perinöral invazyon önemli bir özellik olabilir. Yöntem: Literatür
derlemesi yapıldı. Pubmed veri tabanındaki İngilizce makalelerden BHOK ve
perinöral invazyon terimlerini araştırıldı.

Bulgular: Daha önce rapor
edilen BHOK vakalarının analizi, PubMed'de taranan İngilizce makalelerde, 2014
yılına kadar 74 tane BHOK vakası bulunduğunu gösterdi. Perinöral invazyona
ilişkin sadece bir önceki rapor vardı. Bu makalede de yeni bir vaka
sunulmuştur.





Sonuçlar: BHOK, tanıya
ulaşmak için özel bir immünohistokimyasal protokole ve komplike bir çalışmaya
ihtiyaç duyar. Perinöral invazyon mandibulanın orta lezyonlarında
düşünülmelidir.

Keywords

Berrak hücreli odontojenik karsinom submental flep alt çene perinöral invazyon

References

  • Referans1. Bilodeau EA, Weinreb I, Antonescu CR, Zhang L, Dacic S, Muller S, et al. Clear cell odontogenic carcinomas show EWSR1 rearrangements: a novel finding and a biological link to salivary clear cell carcinomas. The American journal of surgical pathology. 2013;37:1001-5.
  • Referans2. Yazici ZM, Mete O, Elmali Z, Sayin I, Yilmazer R, Kayhan FT. Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma of the maxilla. Acta medica (Hradec Kralove)/Universitas Carolina, Facultas Medica Hradec Kralove. 2011;54: 122-4.
  • Referans3. Bilodeau EA, Hoschar AP, Barnes EL, Hunt JL, Seethala RR. Clear cell carcinoma and clear cell odontogenic carcinoma: a comparative clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study. Head and neck pathology. 2011;5:101-7.
  • Referans4. Hansen LS, Eversole LR, Green TL, Powell NB. Clear cell odontogenic tumor--a new histologic variant with aggressive potential. Head & neck surgery. 1985;8:115-23.
  • Referans5. Infante-Cossio P, Torres-Carranza E, Gonzalez-Perez LM, Gonzalez-Cardero E, Sanchez-Gallego F. Atypical presentation of clear cell odontogenic carcinoma. The Journal of craniofacial surgery. 2012;23:e466-8.
  • Referans6. Kumar M, Fasanmade A, Barrett AW, Mack G, Newman L, Hyde NC. Metastasising clear cell odontogenic carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature. Oral oncology. 2003;39:190-4.
  • Referans7. Brinck U, Gunawan B, Schulten HJ, Pinzon W, Fischer U, Fuzesi L. Clear-cell odontogenic carcinoma with pulmonary metastases resembling pulmonary meningothelial-like nodules. Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology. 2001;438:412-7.
  • Referans8. Avninder S, Rakheja D, Bhatnagar A. Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma: a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. World journal of surgical oncology. 2006;4:91.
  • Referans9. Muramatsu T, Hashimoto S, Inoue T, Shimono M, Noma H, Shigematsu T. Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma in the mandible: histochemical and immunohistochemical observations with a review of the literature. Journal of oral pathology & medicine: official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology. 1996;25:516-21.
  • Referans10. Siriwardena BS, Tilakaratne WM, Rajapaksha RM. Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma-a case report and review of literature. International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery. 2004;33:512-4.
  • Referans11. Ebert CS, Jr., Dubin MG, Hart CF, Chalian AA, Shockley WW. Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma: a comprehensive analysis of treatment strategies. Head & neck. 2005;27: 536-42.
  • Referans12. Werle H, Blake FA, Reichelt U, Schmelzle R, Heiland M. Clear-cell odontogenic carcinoma: a new case and long-term follow-up of an old case, and review of the literature. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. 2009;67:1342-8.
  • Referans13. Swain N, Dhariwal R, Ray JG. Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma of maxilla: A case report and mini review. Journal of oral and maxillofacial pathology: JOMFP. 2013;17:89-94.
  • Referans14. Li TJ, Yu SF, Gao Y, Wang EB. Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma: a clinicopathologic and immunocytochemical study of 5 cases. Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine. 2001;125:1566-71.
  • Referans15. Xavier FC, Rodini CO, Ramalho LM, Sarmento VA, Nunes FD, de Sousa SC. Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma: case report with immunohistochemical findings adding support to the challenging diagnosis. Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics. 2008;106:403-10.
  • Referans16. de Oliveira MG, Chaves AC, Visioli F, Rojas EU, Moure SP, Romanini J, et al. Peripheral clear cell variant of calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor affecting 2 sites: report of a case. Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics. 2009;107:407-11.
  • Referans17. Benton DC, Eisenberg E. Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma: report of a case. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery: official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. 2001;59:83-8.
  • Referans18. Ogawa I, Nikai H, Takata T, Ijuhin N, Miyauchi M, Ito H, et al. Clear cell tumors of minor salivary gland origin. An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analysis. Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology. 1991;72:200-7.
  • Referans19. Ogawa I, Nikai H, Takata T, Yasui R. Clear-cell variant of mucoepidermoid carcinoma: report of a case with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural observations. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery: official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. 1992;50:906-10.
  • Referans20. Michal M, Skalova A, Simpson RH, Rychterova V, Leivo I. Clear cell malignant myoepithelioma of the salivary glands. Histopathology. 1996;28:309-15.
  • Referans21. Maiorano E, Altini M, Favia G. Clear cell tumors of the salivary glands, jaws, and oral mucosa. Seminars in diagnostic pathology. 1997;14:203-12.
  • Referans22. Savera AT, Sloman A, Huvos AG, Klimstra DS. Myoepithelial carcinoma of the salivary glands: a clinicopathologic study of 25 patients. The American journal of surgical pathology. 2000;24:761-74.
  • Referans23. Mari A, Escutia E, Carrera M, Pericot J. Clear cell ameloblastoma or odontogenic carcinoma. A case report. Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery: official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. 1995;23:387-90.
  • Referans24. Seifert G, Hennings K, Caselitz J. Metastatic tumors to the parotid and submandibular glands-analysis and differential diagnosis of 108 cases. Pathology, research and practice. 1986;181:684-92.
  • Referans25. Chung EB, Enzinger FM. Malignant melanoma of soft parts. A reassessment of clear cell sarcoma. The American journal of surgical pathology. 1983;7:405-13.
  • Referans26. Adamo AK, Boguslaw B, Coomaraswarmy MA, Simos C. Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma of the mandible: case report. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery: official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. 2002;60:121-6.
  • Referans27. Hirshberg A, Leibovich P, Buchner A. Metastatic tumors to the jawbones: analysis of 390 cases. Journal of oral pathology & medicine: official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology. 1994;23:337-41.
  • Referans28. Martin D, Pascal JF, Baudet J, Mondie JM, Farhat JB, Athoum A, et al. The submental island flap: a new donor site. Anatomy and clinical applications as a free or pedicled flap. Plastic and reconstructive surgery. 1993;92:867-73.
  • Referans29. Sterne GD, Januszkiewicz JS, Hall PN, Bardsley AF. The submental island flap. British journal of plastic surgery. 1996;49:85-9.
  • Referans30. Faltaous AA, Yetman RJ. The submental artery flap: an anatomic study. Plastic and reconstructive surgery. 1996;97:56-60; discussion 1-2.
  • Referans31. Curran AJ, Neligan P, Gullane PJ. Submental artery island flap. The Laryngoscope. 1997;107:1545-9.
  • Referans32. Coletti DP, Ord R, Liu X. Mandibular reconstruction and second generation locking reconstruction plates: outcome of 110 patients. International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery. 2009;38:960-3.
  • Referans33. van Weert S, Bloemena E, van der Waal I, de Bree R, Rietveld DH, Kuik JD, et al. Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck: a single-center analysis of 105 consecutive cases over a 30-year period. Oral oncology. 2013;49:824-9.
  • Referans34. Ceyhan GO, Demir IE, Altintas B, Rauch U, Thiel G, Muller MW, et al. Neural invasion in pancreatic cancer: a mutual tropism between neurons and cancer cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications. 2008; 374:442-7.
  • Referans35. Chinn SB, Spector ME, Bellile EL, McHugh JB, Gernon TJ, Bradford CR, et al. Impact of perineural invasion in the pathologically N0 neck in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 2013;149:893-9.
  • Referans36. Binmadi NO, Basile JR. Perineural invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a discussion of significance and review of the literature. Oral oncology. 2011;47:1005-10.
  • Referans37. Batsakis JG. Nerves and neurotropic carcinomas. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology. 1985;94:426-7.
  • Referans38. Liebig C, Ayala G, Wilks JA, Berger DH, Albo D. Perineural invasion in cancer: a review of the literature. Cancer. 2009;115: 3379-91.
  • Referans39. Miller ME, Palla B, Chen Q, Elashoff DA, Abemayor E, St John MA, et al. A novel classification system for perineural invasion in noncutaneous head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: histologic subcategories and patient outcomes. American journal of otolaryngology. 2012;33:212-5.
  • Referans40. Waroquier D, Vadoud J, Vereecken P, Vangeertruyden J, Laporte M. [Neurotropic metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma]. Annales de dermatologie et de venereologie. 2004;131:187-9.
  • Referans41. Ariji E, Ozeki S, Yonetsu K, Sasaguri M, Miwa K, Kanda S, et al. Central squamous cell carcinoma of the mandible. Computed tomographic findings. Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology. 1994;77:541-8.
  • Referans42. Soo KC, Carter RL, O'Brien CJ, Barr L, Bliss JM, Shaw HJ. Prognostic implications of perineural spread in squamous carcinomas of the head and neck. The Laryngoscope. 1986; 96:1145-8.
  • Referans43. Trobe JD, Hood CI, Parsons JT, Quisling RG. Intracranial spread of squamous carcinoma along the trigeminal nerve. Archives of ophthalmology. 1982;100:608-11.
  • Referans44. Hagiwara M, Nusbaum A, Schmidt BL. MR assessment of oral cavity carcinomas. Magnetic resonance imaging clinics of North America. 2012;20:473-94.
  • Referans45. Matzko J, Becker DG, Phillips CD. Obliteration of fat planes by perineural spread of squamous cell carcinoma along the inferior alveolar nerve. AJNR American journal of neuroradiology. 1994;15:1843-5.
  • Referans46. Zupi A, Mangone GM, Piombino P, Califano L. Perineural invasion of the lower alveolar nerve by oral cancer: a follow-up study of 12 cases. Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery : official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. 1998;26:318-21.
  • Referans47. Dunn M, Morgan MB, Beer TW. Perineural invasion: identification, significance, and a standardized definition. Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al]. 2009;35:214-21.
  • Referans48. Williams LS. Advanced concepts in the imaging of perineural spread of tumor to the trigeminal nerve. Topics in magnetic resonance imaging : TMRI. 1999;10:376-83.
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Review
Authors

Amin Rahpeyma

Saeedeh Khajehahmadı

Elahe Mahmoudi Hashemı

Publication Date May 7, 2017
Submission Date April 20, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017Volume: 20 Issue: 1

Cite

EndNote Rahpeyma A, Khajehahmadı S, Hashemı EM (May 1, 2017) CLEAR CELL ODONTOGENIC CARCINOMA OF THE MANDIBLE WITH PERINEURAL INVASION: A REVIEW. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 20 1 53–61.
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