Review
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Effects of fluoride agents used in orthodontic treatment on demineralization

Year 2016, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 111 - 120, 03.01.2016

Hande Görücü Coşkuner

Abstract

White spot lesions seen during orthodontic treatment could lead to unsuccessful esthetic

results. For conducting a successful orthodontic treatment, orthodontists should be aware of

decalcifications and take preventive measures. The aim of this review is to evaluate the effects

of fluoride agents on prevention of white spot lesions that may occur during the treatment.

Keywords

Orthodontic treatment White spot lesions Demineralization Fluoride

References

  • Marini I, Bortolotti F, Parenti SI, Gatto MR, Bonetti GA. Combined effects of repeated oral hygiene motivation and type of toothbrush on orthodontic patients: A blind randomized clinical trial. Angle Orthod 2014;84(5):896-901.
  • Tufekci E, Dixon JS, Gunsolley JC, Lindauer SJ. Prevalence of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Angle Orthod 2011;81(2):206-210.
  • Mitchell L. Decalcification during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances--an overview. Br J Orthod 1992;19(3):199-205.
  • Richter AE, Arruda AO, Peters MC, Sohn W. Incidence of caries lesions among patients treated with comprehensive orthodontics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011;139:657–664
  • Ogaard B. White Spot Lesions During Orthodontic Treatment: Mechanisms and Fluoride Preventive Aspects. Semin Orthod 2008;14(3):183-193.
  • Hadler-Olsen S, Sandvik K, El-Agroudi M, Ogaard B. The incidence of caries and white spot lesions in orthodontically treated adolescents with a comprehensive caries prophylactic regimen—a prospective study. Eur J Orthod 2012;34(5):633-639.
  • Maxfield BJ, Hamdan AM, Tufekci E, Shroff B, Best AM, Lindauer SJ. Development of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment: perceptions of patients, parents, orthodontists, and general dentists. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2012;141:337-344.
  • Sudjalim TR, Woods MG, Manton DJ. Prevention of white spot lesions in orthodontic practice: a contemporary review. Aust Dent J 2006;51(4):284-289.
  • Bishara SE, Ostby AW. White Spot Lesions: Formation, Prevention and Treatment. Semin Orthod 2008;14(3):174-182.
  • Chatterjee R, Kleinberg I. Effect of orthodontic band placement on the chemical composition of human incisor tooth plaque. Arch Oral Biol 1979;24(2):97-100.
  • Scheie AA, Arneberg P, Krogstad O. Effect of orthodontic treatment on prevalence of Streptococcus mutans in plaque and saliva. Scand J Dent Res 1984;92(3):211-217.
  • de Moura MS, de Melo Simplicio AH, Cury JA. In-vivo effects of fluoridated antiplaque dentifrice and bonding material on enamel demineralization adjacent to orthodontic appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2006;130(3):357-363.
  • Ogaard B, Larsson E, Henriksson T, Birkhed D, Bishara SE. Effects of combined application of antimicrobial and fluoride varnishes in orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2001;120(1):28-35.
  • Shungin D, Olsson AI, Persson M. Orthodontic treatment-related white spot lesions: A 14-year prospective quantitative follow-up, including bonding material assessment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2010;138:136.e1-136.e8.
  • Ogaard B. Effects of fluoride on caries development and progression in vivo. J Dent Res 1990;69:813-819.
  • Ünlü N, Özer F, Ünlü A. Florlu ve florsuz dişmacunu kullanmanın tükürük akış hızı, tamponlama kapasitesi, kalsiyum, fosfor, total protein ve flor konsantrasyonlarına etkisi. Atatürk Üniv Diş Hek Fak Derg 2001;11(1):52-60.
  • Chapman JA, Roberts WE, Eckert GJ, Kula KS, Gozalez-Cabezas C. Risk factors for incidence and severity of white spot lesions during treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2010;138(2):188-194.
  • Sukontapatipark W, el-Agroudi MA, Selliseth NJ, Thunold K, Selvig KA. Bacterial colonization associated with fixed orthodontic appliances. A scanning electron microscopy study. Eur J Orthod 2001;23(5):475-484.
  • Pellegrini P, Sauerwein R, Finlayson T, McLeod J, Covell DA, Jr., Maier T, et al. Plaque retention by selfligating vs elastomeric orthodontic brackets: quantitative comparison of oral bacteria and detection with adenosine triphosphatedriven bioluminescence. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2009;135(4):426 e1-9.
  • Wiechmann D, Klang E, Helm H-J, Knösel M. Lingual appliances reduce the incidence of white spot lesions during orthodontic multibracket treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2015;148:414-422.
  • Forss H. Efficiency of fluoride programs in the light of reduced caries levels in young populations. Acta Odontol Scand 1999;57(6):348-351.
  • Featherstone JD. Prevention and reversal of dental caries: role of low level fluoride. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1999;27(1):31-40.
  • Riordan PJ. Fluoride supplements for young children: an analysis of the literature focusing on benefits and risks. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1999;27(1):72-83.
  • Mellberg JR, Ripa LW, Leske GS. Fluoride in Preventive Dentistry- Theory and Clinical Applications. Chicago, Berlin, Rio de Janeiro and Tokyo; Quintessence Publishing Co. Inc:1983. p. 123-145.
  • Sonesson M, Twetman S, Bondemark L. Effectiveness of high-fluoride toothpaste on enamel Coşkuner, demineralization during orthodontic treatment- a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Eur J Orthod 2014;36(6):678-682.
  • Geiger AM, Gorelick L, Gwinnett AJ, Benson BJ. Reducing white spot lesions in orthodontic populations with fluoride rinsing. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1992;101(5):403-407.
  • Derks A, Katsaros C, Frencken JE, van’t Hof MA, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM. Caries-inhibiting effect of preventive measures during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. A systematic review. Caries Res 2004;38(5):413-420.
  • Alexander SA, Ripa LW. Effects of self-applied topical fluoride preparations in orthodontic patients. Angle Orthod 2000;70(6):424-430.
  • Baysan A, Lynch E, Ellwood R, Davies R, Petersson L, Borsboom P. Reversal of primary root caries using dentifrices containing 5,000 and 1,100 ppm fluoride. Caries Res 2001;35(1):41-46.
  • Schirrmeister JF, Gebrande JP, Altenburger MJ, Monting JS, Hellwig E. Effect of dentifrice containing 5000 ppm fluoride on non-cavitated fissure carious lesions in vivo after 2 weeks. Am J Dent 2007;20(4):212-216.
  • Enaia M, Bock N, Ruf S. White-spot lesions during multibracket appliance treatment: A challenge for clinical excellence. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011;140:e17-e24.
  • Nhan RT, Xu X, Yu Q, Ballard R, Armbruster P. The effect of topical fluoride varnish on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Aust Orthod J 2015;31(1):14-19.
  • Demito CF, Vivaldi-Rodrigues G, Ramos AL, Bowman SJ. The efficacy of a fluoride varnish in reducing enamel demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets: an in vitro study. Orthod Craniofac Res 2004;7(4):205-210.
  • Staley R. Effect of Fluoride Varnish on Demineralization Around Orthodontic Brackets. Semin Orthod 2008;14:194-199.
  • ten Cate JM. Contemporary perspective on the use of fluoride products in caries prevention. Bri Dent J 2013;214:161–167.
  • Carvalho TS, Peters BG, Rios D, Magalhaes AC, Sampaio FB, Buzalaf MAR, Bönecker MJS. Fluoride varnishes with calcium glycerophosphate: fluoride releaseand effect on in vitro enamel demineralization. Braz Oral Res 2015;29(1):1-6
  • Srivastava K, Tikku T, Khanna R, Sachan K. Risk factors and management of white spot lesions in orthodontics. J Orthod Sci 2013;2(2):43-49.
  • Todd MA, Staley RN, Kanellis MJ, Donly KJ, Wefel JS. Effect of a fluoride varnish on demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1999;116(2):159-167.
  • Sfondrini MF, Cacciafesta V, Pistorio A, Sfondrini G. Effects of conventional and high-intensity light-curing on enamel shear bond strength of composite resin and resin-modified glass-ionomer. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2001;119(1):30-35.
  • Cook PA. Direct bonding with glass ionomer cement. J Clin Orthod 1990;24(8):509-511.
  • Pascotto RC, Navarro MF, Capelozza Filho L, Cury JA. In vivo effect of a resin-modified glass ionomer cement on enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2004;125(1):36-41.
  • Gorton J, Featherstone JD. In vivo inhibition of demineralization around orthodontic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2003;123(1):10-14.
  • Forsten L. Short- and long-term fluoride release from glass ionomers and other fluoride-containing filling materials in vitro. Scand J Dent Res 1990;98(2):179-185.
  • Forsten L. Resin-modified glass ionomer cements: fluoride release and uptake. Acta Odontol Scand 1995;53(4):222-225.
  • Basdra EK, Huber H, Komposch G. Fluoride released from orthodontic bonding agents alters the enamel surface and inhibits enamel demineralization in vitro. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1996;109(5):466-472.
  • Paschos E, Kleinschrodt T, Clementino-Luedemann T, Huth KC, Hickel R, Kunzelmann KH, et al. Effect of different bonding agents on prevention of enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2009;135(5):603-612.
  • Marcusson A, Norevall LI, Persson M. White spot reduction when using glass ionomer cement for bonding in orthodontics: A longitudinal and comparative study. Eur J Orthod 1997;19(3):233-242.
  • Corry A, Millett DT, Creanor SL, Foye RH, Gilmour WH. Effect of fluoride exposure on cariostatic potential of orthodontic bonding agents: an in vitro evaluation. J Orthod 2003;30(4):323-329.
  • Prabhavathi V, Jacob J, Kiran MS, Ramakrishnan M, Sethi E, Krishnan CS. Orthodontic cements and demineralization: an in vitro comparative scanning electron microscope study. J Int Oral Health 2015 Feb;7(2):28-32.
  • Hegde AB, Patil T, Khandekar S, Gupta G, Nayak USK. Comparative assessment of resistance to enamel demineralization after orthodontic banding with three different cements- An in vitro study. Cumhuriyet Dent J 2014;17(2):159-165.
  • Storie DJ, Regennitter F, von Fraunhofer JA. Characteristics of a fluoride-releasing elastomeric chain. Angle Orthod 1994;64(3):199-209.
  • Wiltshire WA. Determination of fluoride from fluoride-releasing elastomeric ligature ties. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1996;110(4):383-387.
  • Heymann GC, Grauer D. A contemporary review of white spot lesions in orthodontics. J Esthet Restor Dent 2013;25:85-95.
  • Knösel M, Bojes M, Jung K, Ziebolz D. Increased susceptibility for white spot lesions by surplus orthodontic etching exceeding bracket base area. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2012 141:574-582.
  • Geiger AM, Gorelick L, Gwinnett AJ, Griswold PG. The effect of a fluoride program on white spot formation during orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1988;93(1):29-37.
  • Featherstone JD. The caries balance: the basis for caries management by risk assessment. Oral Health Prev Dent 2004;2 Suppl 1:259-264.
  • Moynihan P, Petersen PE. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of dental diseases. Public Health Nutr 2004;7(1A):201-226.
  • Duggal MS, van Loveren C. Dental considerations for dietary counselling. Int Dent J 2001;51(6 Suppl 1):408-412.
  • Marshall TA. Chairside diet assessment of caries risk. J Am Dent Assoc 2009;140(6):670-674.
  • Migliorati M, Isaia L, Cassaro A, Rivetti A, Silvestrini-Biavati F, Gastaldo L, Piccardo I, Dalessandri D, Silvestrini-Biavati A. Efficacy of professional hygiene and prophylaxis on preventing plaque increase in orthodontic patients with multibracket appliances: a systematic review. Eur J Orthod 2015 Jun;37(3):297-307.
  • Ogaard B, Ten Bosch JJ. Regression of white spot enamel lesions. A new optical method for quantitative longitudinal evaluation in vivo. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1994;106(3):238-242.
  • Willmot DR. White lesions after orthodontic treatment: does low fluoride make a difference? J Orthod 2004;31:235-42.
  • Al-Khateeb S, Forsberg CM, de Josselin de Jong E, Angmar- Mansson B. A longitudinal laser fluorescence study of white spot lesions in orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1998;113(6):595-602.
  • Al-Khateeb S, Exterkate R, Angmar- Mansson B, ten Cate JM. Effect of acid-etching on remineralization of enamel white spot lesions. Acta Odontol Scand 2000;58(1):31-36.
  • Zabokova-Bilbilova E, Popovska L, Kapusevska B, Stefanovska E. White spot lesions: prevention and management during the orthodontic treatment. Prilozi 2014;35(2):161-168.
  • Du M, Cheng N, Tai B, Jiang H, Li J, Bian Z. Randomized controlled trial on fluoride varnish application for treatment of white spot le- sion after fixed orthodontic treatment. Clin Oral Investig 2012;16(2):463-8
  • Baeshen HA, Lingstr€om P, Birkhed D. Effect of fluoridated chewing sticks (Miswaks) on white spot lesions in postorthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011;140:291-7.
  • Paris S, Hopfenmuller W, Meyer-Lueckel H. Resin infiltration of caries lesions: an efficacy randomized trial. J Dent Res 2010;89:823-6.
  • Knösel M, Eckstein A, Helms HJ. Durability of esthetic improvement following Icon resin infiltration of multibracket-induced white spot lesions compared with no therapy over 6 months: A single-center, splitmouth, randomized clinical trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2013;144(1):86-96

Year 2016, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 111 - 120, 03.01.2016

Hande Görücü Coşkuner

Abstract

References

  • Marini I, Bortolotti F, Parenti SI, Gatto MR, Bonetti GA. Combined effects of repeated oral hygiene motivation and type of toothbrush on orthodontic patients: A blind randomized clinical trial. Angle Orthod 2014;84(5):896-901.
  • Tufekci E, Dixon JS, Gunsolley JC, Lindauer SJ. Prevalence of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Angle Orthod 2011;81(2):206-210.
  • Mitchell L. Decalcification during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances--an overview. Br J Orthod 1992;19(3):199-205.
  • Richter AE, Arruda AO, Peters MC, Sohn W. Incidence of caries lesions among patients treated with comprehensive orthodontics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011;139:657–664
  • Ogaard B. White Spot Lesions During Orthodontic Treatment: Mechanisms and Fluoride Preventive Aspects. Semin Orthod 2008;14(3):183-193.
  • Hadler-Olsen S, Sandvik K, El-Agroudi M, Ogaard B. The incidence of caries and white spot lesions in orthodontically treated adolescents with a comprehensive caries prophylactic regimen—a prospective study. Eur J Orthod 2012;34(5):633-639.
  • Maxfield BJ, Hamdan AM, Tufekci E, Shroff B, Best AM, Lindauer SJ. Development of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment: perceptions of patients, parents, orthodontists, and general dentists. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2012;141:337-344.
  • Sudjalim TR, Woods MG, Manton DJ. Prevention of white spot lesions in orthodontic practice: a contemporary review. Aust Dent J 2006;51(4):284-289.
  • Bishara SE, Ostby AW. White Spot Lesions: Formation, Prevention and Treatment. Semin Orthod 2008;14(3):174-182.
  • Chatterjee R, Kleinberg I. Effect of orthodontic band placement on the chemical composition of human incisor tooth plaque. Arch Oral Biol 1979;24(2):97-100.
  • Scheie AA, Arneberg P, Krogstad O. Effect of orthodontic treatment on prevalence of Streptococcus mutans in plaque and saliva. Scand J Dent Res 1984;92(3):211-217.
  • de Moura MS, de Melo Simplicio AH, Cury JA. In-vivo effects of fluoridated antiplaque dentifrice and bonding material on enamel demineralization adjacent to orthodontic appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2006;130(3):357-363.
  • Ogaard B, Larsson E, Henriksson T, Birkhed D, Bishara SE. Effects of combined application of antimicrobial and fluoride varnishes in orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2001;120(1):28-35.
  • Shungin D, Olsson AI, Persson M. Orthodontic treatment-related white spot lesions: A 14-year prospective quantitative follow-up, including bonding material assessment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2010;138:136.e1-136.e8.
  • Ogaard B. Effects of fluoride on caries development and progression in vivo. J Dent Res 1990;69:813-819.
  • Ünlü N, Özer F, Ünlü A. Florlu ve florsuz dişmacunu kullanmanın tükürük akış hızı, tamponlama kapasitesi, kalsiyum, fosfor, total protein ve flor konsantrasyonlarına etkisi. Atatürk Üniv Diş Hek Fak Derg 2001;11(1):52-60.
  • Chapman JA, Roberts WE, Eckert GJ, Kula KS, Gozalez-Cabezas C. Risk factors for incidence and severity of white spot lesions during treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2010;138(2):188-194.
  • Sukontapatipark W, el-Agroudi MA, Selliseth NJ, Thunold K, Selvig KA. Bacterial colonization associated with fixed orthodontic appliances. A scanning electron microscopy study. Eur J Orthod 2001;23(5):475-484.
  • Pellegrini P, Sauerwein R, Finlayson T, McLeod J, Covell DA, Jr., Maier T, et al. Plaque retention by selfligating vs elastomeric orthodontic brackets: quantitative comparison of oral bacteria and detection with adenosine triphosphatedriven bioluminescence. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2009;135(4):426 e1-9.
  • Wiechmann D, Klang E, Helm H-J, Knösel M. Lingual appliances reduce the incidence of white spot lesions during orthodontic multibracket treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2015;148:414-422.
  • Forss H. Efficiency of fluoride programs in the light of reduced caries levels in young populations. Acta Odontol Scand 1999;57(6):348-351.
  • Featherstone JD. Prevention and reversal of dental caries: role of low level fluoride. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1999;27(1):31-40.
  • Riordan PJ. Fluoride supplements for young children: an analysis of the literature focusing on benefits and risks. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1999;27(1):72-83.
  • Mellberg JR, Ripa LW, Leske GS. Fluoride in Preventive Dentistry- Theory and Clinical Applications. Chicago, Berlin, Rio de Janeiro and Tokyo; Quintessence Publishing Co. Inc:1983. p. 123-145.
  • Sonesson M, Twetman S, Bondemark L. Effectiveness of high-fluoride toothpaste on enamel Coşkuner, demineralization during orthodontic treatment- a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Eur J Orthod 2014;36(6):678-682.
  • Geiger AM, Gorelick L, Gwinnett AJ, Benson BJ. Reducing white spot lesions in orthodontic populations with fluoride rinsing. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1992;101(5):403-407.
  • Derks A, Katsaros C, Frencken JE, van’t Hof MA, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM. Caries-inhibiting effect of preventive measures during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. A systematic review. Caries Res 2004;38(5):413-420.
  • Alexander SA, Ripa LW. Effects of self-applied topical fluoride preparations in orthodontic patients. Angle Orthod 2000;70(6):424-430.
  • Baysan A, Lynch E, Ellwood R, Davies R, Petersson L, Borsboom P. Reversal of primary root caries using dentifrices containing 5,000 and 1,100 ppm fluoride. Caries Res 2001;35(1):41-46.
  • Schirrmeister JF, Gebrande JP, Altenburger MJ, Monting JS, Hellwig E. Effect of dentifrice containing 5000 ppm fluoride on non-cavitated fissure carious lesions in vivo after 2 weeks. Am J Dent 2007;20(4):212-216.
  • Enaia M, Bock N, Ruf S. White-spot lesions during multibracket appliance treatment: A challenge for clinical excellence. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011;140:e17-e24.
  • Nhan RT, Xu X, Yu Q, Ballard R, Armbruster P. The effect of topical fluoride varnish on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Aust Orthod J 2015;31(1):14-19.
  • Demito CF, Vivaldi-Rodrigues G, Ramos AL, Bowman SJ. The efficacy of a fluoride varnish in reducing enamel demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets: an in vitro study. Orthod Craniofac Res 2004;7(4):205-210.
  • Staley R. Effect of Fluoride Varnish on Demineralization Around Orthodontic Brackets. Semin Orthod 2008;14:194-199.
  • ten Cate JM. Contemporary perspective on the use of fluoride products in caries prevention. Bri Dent J 2013;214:161–167.
  • Carvalho TS, Peters BG, Rios D, Magalhaes AC, Sampaio FB, Buzalaf MAR, Bönecker MJS. Fluoride varnishes with calcium glycerophosphate: fluoride releaseand effect on in vitro enamel demineralization. Braz Oral Res 2015;29(1):1-6
  • Srivastava K, Tikku T, Khanna R, Sachan K. Risk factors and management of white spot lesions in orthodontics. J Orthod Sci 2013;2(2):43-49.
  • Todd MA, Staley RN, Kanellis MJ, Donly KJ, Wefel JS. Effect of a fluoride varnish on demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1999;116(2):159-167.
  • Sfondrini MF, Cacciafesta V, Pistorio A, Sfondrini G. Effects of conventional and high-intensity light-curing on enamel shear bond strength of composite resin and resin-modified glass-ionomer. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2001;119(1):30-35.
  • Cook PA. Direct bonding with glass ionomer cement. J Clin Orthod 1990;24(8):509-511.
  • Pascotto RC, Navarro MF, Capelozza Filho L, Cury JA. In vivo effect of a resin-modified glass ionomer cement on enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2004;125(1):36-41.
  • Gorton J, Featherstone JD. In vivo inhibition of demineralization around orthodontic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2003;123(1):10-14.
  • Forsten L. Short- and long-term fluoride release from glass ionomers and other fluoride-containing filling materials in vitro. Scand J Dent Res 1990;98(2):179-185.
  • Forsten L. Resin-modified glass ionomer cements: fluoride release and uptake. Acta Odontol Scand 1995;53(4):222-225.
  • Basdra EK, Huber H, Komposch G. Fluoride released from orthodontic bonding agents alters the enamel surface and inhibits enamel demineralization in vitro. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1996;109(5):466-472.
  • Paschos E, Kleinschrodt T, Clementino-Luedemann T, Huth KC, Hickel R, Kunzelmann KH, et al. Effect of different bonding agents on prevention of enamel demineralization around orthodontic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2009;135(5):603-612.
  • Marcusson A, Norevall LI, Persson M. White spot reduction when using glass ionomer cement for bonding in orthodontics: A longitudinal and comparative study. Eur J Orthod 1997;19(3):233-242.
  • Corry A, Millett DT, Creanor SL, Foye RH, Gilmour WH. Effect of fluoride exposure on cariostatic potential of orthodontic bonding agents: an in vitro evaluation. J Orthod 2003;30(4):323-329.
  • Prabhavathi V, Jacob J, Kiran MS, Ramakrishnan M, Sethi E, Krishnan CS. Orthodontic cements and demineralization: an in vitro comparative scanning electron microscope study. J Int Oral Health 2015 Feb;7(2):28-32.
  • Hegde AB, Patil T, Khandekar S, Gupta G, Nayak USK. Comparative assessment of resistance to enamel demineralization after orthodontic banding with three different cements- An in vitro study. Cumhuriyet Dent J 2014;17(2):159-165.
  • Storie DJ, Regennitter F, von Fraunhofer JA. Characteristics of a fluoride-releasing elastomeric chain. Angle Orthod 1994;64(3):199-209.
  • Wiltshire WA. Determination of fluoride from fluoride-releasing elastomeric ligature ties. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1996;110(4):383-387.
  • Heymann GC, Grauer D. A contemporary review of white spot lesions in orthodontics. J Esthet Restor Dent 2013;25:85-95.
  • Knösel M, Bojes M, Jung K, Ziebolz D. Increased susceptibility for white spot lesions by surplus orthodontic etching exceeding bracket base area. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2012 141:574-582.
  • Geiger AM, Gorelick L, Gwinnett AJ, Griswold PG. The effect of a fluoride program on white spot formation during orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1988;93(1):29-37.
  • Featherstone JD. The caries balance: the basis for caries management by risk assessment. Oral Health Prev Dent 2004;2 Suppl 1:259-264.
  • Moynihan P, Petersen PE. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of dental diseases. Public Health Nutr 2004;7(1A):201-226.
  • Duggal MS, van Loveren C. Dental considerations for dietary counselling. Int Dent J 2001;51(6 Suppl 1):408-412.
  • Marshall TA. Chairside diet assessment of caries risk. J Am Dent Assoc 2009;140(6):670-674.
  • Migliorati M, Isaia L, Cassaro A, Rivetti A, Silvestrini-Biavati F, Gastaldo L, Piccardo I, Dalessandri D, Silvestrini-Biavati A. Efficacy of professional hygiene and prophylaxis on preventing plaque increase in orthodontic patients with multibracket appliances: a systematic review. Eur J Orthod 2015 Jun;37(3):297-307.
  • Ogaard B, Ten Bosch JJ. Regression of white spot enamel lesions. A new optical method for quantitative longitudinal evaluation in vivo. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1994;106(3):238-242.
  • Willmot DR. White lesions after orthodontic treatment: does low fluoride make a difference? J Orthod 2004;31:235-42.
  • Al-Khateeb S, Forsberg CM, de Josselin de Jong E, Angmar- Mansson B. A longitudinal laser fluorescence study of white spot lesions in orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1998;113(6):595-602.
  • Al-Khateeb S, Exterkate R, Angmar- Mansson B, ten Cate JM. Effect of acid-etching on remineralization of enamel white spot lesions. Acta Odontol Scand 2000;58(1):31-36.
  • Zabokova-Bilbilova E, Popovska L, Kapusevska B, Stefanovska E. White spot lesions: prevention and management during the orthodontic treatment. Prilozi 2014;35(2):161-168.
  • Du M, Cheng N, Tai B, Jiang H, Li J, Bian Z. Randomized controlled trial on fluoride varnish application for treatment of white spot le- sion after fixed orthodontic treatment. Clin Oral Investig 2012;16(2):463-8
  • Baeshen HA, Lingstr€om P, Birkhed D. Effect of fluoridated chewing sticks (Miswaks) on white spot lesions in postorthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011;140:291-7.
  • Paris S, Hopfenmuller W, Meyer-Lueckel H. Resin infiltration of caries lesions: an efficacy randomized trial. J Dent Res 2010;89:823-6.
  • Knösel M, Eckstein A, Helms HJ. Durability of esthetic improvement following Icon resin infiltration of multibracket-induced white spot lesions compared with no therapy over 6 months: A single-center, splitmouth, randomized clinical trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2013;144(1):86-96
There are 69 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Review
Authors

Hande Görücü Coşkuner

Publication Date January 3, 2016
Submission Date December 7, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016Volume: 19 Issue: 1

Cite

EndNote Coşkuner HG (January 1, 2016) Effects of fluoride agents used in orthodontic treatment on demineralization. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 19 1 111–120.

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All users of Cumhuriyet Dental Journal should visit to their user's home page through the "https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/user" " or "https://dergipark.org.tr/en/user" links to update their incomplete information shown in blue or yellow warnings and update their e-mail addresses and information to the DergiPark system. Otherwise, the e-mails from the journal will not be seen or fall into the SPAM folder. Please fill in all missing part in the relevant field.

Please visit journal's AUTHOR GUIDELINE to see revised policy and submission rules to be held since 2020.