Research Article
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Year 2024, , 245 - 251, 30.12.2024

Figen Eren Giray , Ceren Güven Özşahin , Nursen Topcuoğlu , Betul Kargul

https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1590989

Abstract

References

  • 1. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, “Policy on Early Childhood Caries (ECC): Classifications, Consequences, and Preventive strategies” http://www.aapd.org/media/Policies Guidelines/P ECCClassifications.pdf.
  • 2. GBD 2016 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet 2017;390(10100):1211-1259.
  • 3. Hajishengallis E, Parsaei Y, Klein MI, Koo H. Advances in the microbial etiology and pathogenesis of early childhood caries. Mol Oral Microbiol 2017; 32: 24–34.
  • 4. Zafar S, Harnekar S Y, Siddiqi A. Early childhood caries: etiology, clinical considerations, consequences and management. Int Dent SA 2009; 11: 24-36.
  • 5. Dye BA, Li X, Thorton-Evans G. Oral health disparities as determined by selected Healthy People 2020 oral health objectives for the united states, 2009–2010. NCHS Data Brief 2012; 104:1–8.
  • 6. Orland F J, Blayney J R, Harrison R W, Reyniers J A, Trexler P C, Wagner M, Gordon H, Luckey T. Use of the germfree animal technic in the study of experimental dental caries: I. Basic observations on rats reared free of all microorganisms. Journal of dental research 1954; 33: 147-174.
  • 7. Xiao J, Grier A, Faustoferri R, Alzoubi S, Gill A, Feng C, Liu Y, Quivey R, Kopycka-Kedzierawski D, Koo H. Association between oral candida and bacteriome in children with severe ECC. Journal of dental research 2018; 97: 1468-1476.
  • 8. Xiao J, Huang X, Alkhers N, Alzamil H, Alzoubi S, Wu T T, Castillo D A, Campbell F, Davis J, Herzog K. Candida albicans and early childhood caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Caries research 2018; 52: 102-112.
  • 9. Shino B, Peedikayil FC, Jaiprakash SR, Ahmed Bijapur G, Kottayi S, Jose D. Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity of Chlorhexidine, Coconut Oil, Probiotics, and Ketoconazole on Candida albicans Isolated in Children with Early Childhood Caries: An In Vitro Study. Scientifica (Cairo) 2016; 2016: 7061587.
  • 10. Twetman S, Dhar V. Evidence of effectiveness of current therapies to prevent and treat early childhood caries. Pediatric dentistry 2015; 37: 246-253.
  • 11. Rahiotis C, Vougiouklakis G, Eliades G. Characterization of oral films formed in the presence of a CPP–ACP agent: An in situ study. Journal of dentistry 2008; 36: 272-280.
  • 12. Erdem AP, Sepet E, Avshalom T, Gutkin V, Steinberg D. Effect of CPP-ACP and APF on Streptococcus mutans biofilm: A laboratory study. American journal of dentistry 2011; 24: 119-123.
  • 13. Plonka K, Pukallus M, Holcombe T, Barnett A, Walsh L, Seow W. A randomized controlled clinical trial comparing a remineralizing paste with an antibacterial gel to prevent early childhood caries. Pediatric Dentistry 2013; 35: e8-e12.
  • 14. Al-Batayneh OB, Al-Rai SA, Khader YS. Effect of CPP-ACP on Streptococcus mutans in saliva of high caries-risk preschool children: a randomized clinical trial. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2020; 21: 339-346.
  • 15. Schulz KF, Altman DG, Moher D. CONSORT 2010 statement: Updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. Journal of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics. 2010; 1: 100-107.
  • 16. Külekçi G. Diş çürüğü aktivite testleri nedir? Neden, ne zaman ve nasıl uygulanmalı? IDO Dergi 2001; 81: 10.
  • 17. Gibbons RJ, Armstrong WD. Bacteriology of dental caries. J Dent Res 1964; 43: 1021-1028.
  • 18. Raja M, Hannan A, Ali K. Association of oral candidal carriage with dental caries in children. Caries research 2010; 44: 272-276.
  • 19. Signoretto C, Burlacchini G, Faccioni F, Zanderigo M, Bozzola N, Canepari P. Support for the role of Candida spp. in extensive caries lesions of children. The new microbiologica 2009; 32: 101.
  • 20. Klinke T, Guggenheim B, Klimm W, Thurnheer T. Dental caries in rats associated with Candida albicans. Caries research 2011; 45: 100-106.
  • 21. de Carvalho FG, Silva DS, Hebling J, Spolidorio LC, Spolidorio DM. Presence of mutans streptococci and Candida spp. in dental plaque/dentine of carious teeth and early childhood caries. Arch Oral Biol 2006; 51: 1024-1028.
  • 22. Akdeniz BG, Koparal E, Şen BH, Ateş M, Denizci AA. Prevalence of Candida albicans in oral cavities and root canals of children. Journal of dentistry for children 2002; 69: 289-292.
  • 23. Li Y, Tanner A. Effect of antimicrobial interventions on the oral microbiota associated with early childhood caries. Pediatric dentistry 2015; 37: 226-244.
  • 24. He S, Choong EKM, Duangthip D, Chu CH, Lo ECM. Clinical interventions with various agents to prevent early childhood caries: A systematic review with network meta-analysis. Int J Paediatr Dent 2023; 33: 507-520.
  • 25. Zhou C, Zhang D, Bai Y, Li S. Casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate remineralization of primary teeth early enamel lesions. Journal of dentistry 2014; 42: 21-29.
  • 26. Wong M, Clarkson J, Glenny A-M, Lo E, Marinho V, Tsang B, Walsh T, Worthington H. Cochrane reviews on the benefits/risks of fluoride toothpastes. Journal of dental research 2011; 90: 573-579.
  • 27. Wright J T, Hanson N, Ristic H, Whall C W, Estrich C G, Zentz R R. Fluoride toothpaste efficacy and safety in children younger than 6 years: a systematic review. The Journal of the American Dental Association 2014; 145: 182-189.
  • 28. Zaze AC, Dias AP, Sassaki KT, Delbem AC. The effects of low-fluoride toothpaste supplemented with calcium glycerophosphate on enamel demineralization. Clin Oral Investig 2014; 18: 1619-1624.
  • 29. Cavazana TP, Hosida TY, Sampaio C, de Morais LA, Monteiro DR, Pessan JP, Delbem ACB. Calcium glycerophosphate and fluoride affect the pH and inorganic composition of dual-species biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. J Dent 2021; 115: 103844.
  • 30. Oliveira M J L, Martins C C, Paiva S M, Tenuta L, Cury J A. Estimated fluoride doses from toothpastes should be based on total soluble fluoride. International journal of environmental research and public health 2013; 10: 5726-5736.
  • 31. Brunton P, Davies R, Burke J, Smith A, Aggeli A, Brookes S, Kirkham J. Treatment of early caries lesions using biomimetic self-assembling peptides–a clinical safety trial. British dental journal 2013; 215: E6.
  • 32. Cochrane N, Saranathan S, Cai F, Cross K, Reynolds E. Enamel subsurface lesion remineralisation with casein phosphopeptide stabilised solutions of calcium, phosphate and fluoride. Caries research 2008; 42: 88-97.
  • 33. Schüpbach P, Neeser JR, Golliard M, Rouvet M, Guggenheim B. Incorporation of caseinoglycomacropeptide and caseinophosphopeptide into the salivary pellicle inhibits adherence of mutans streptococci. Journal of Dental Research 1996; 75: 1779-1788.
  • 34. Grychtol S, Basche S, Hannig M, Hannig C. Effect of CPP/ACP on initial bioadhesion to enamel and dentin in situ. The Scientific World Journal 2014; 2014.
  • 35. Kawasaki A, Suge T, Ishikawa K, Ozaki K, Matsuo T, Ebisu S. Ammonium hexafluorosilicate increased acid resistance of bovine enamel and dentine. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 2005; 16: 461-466.
  • 36. Ly KA, Milgrom P, Rothen M. Xylitol, sweeteners, and dental caries. Pediatr Dent 2006; 28: 154-163.
  • 37. Milgrom P, Ly KA, Tut OK, Mancl L, Roberts MC, Briand K, Gancio MJ. Xylitol pediatric topical oral syrup to prevent dental caries: a double-blind randomized clinical trial of efficacy. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine 2009; 163: 601-607.
  • 38. Seki M, Karakama F, Kawato T, Tanaka H, Saeki Y, Yamashita Y. Effect of xylitol gum on the level of oral mutans streptococci of preschoolers: block‐randomised trial. International dental journal 2011; 61: 274-280.
  • 39. Zhan L, Featherstone J, Lo J, Krupansky C, Hoang N, DenBesten P, Huynh T. Clinical efficacy and effects of xylitol wipes on bacterial virulence. Advances in dental research 2012; 24: 117-122.

Investigation of Antifungal Effects of Different Remineralization Agents on Salivary Candida amount in children with Early Childhood Caries

Year 2024, , 245 - 251, 30.12.2024

Figen Eren Giray , Ceren Güven Özşahin , Nursen Topcuoğlu , Betul Kargul

https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1590989

Abstract

Objectives: In recent years, Candida has been associated with dental caries in children. The association of Candida albicans with the onset of ECC is well known. In addition to mutans streptococci and lactobacilli, Candida spp. is frequently present in the oral cavity of children with ECC. The purpose of this study was to compare different remineralization agents for Candida count in children with Severe Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC).

Materials and Methods: Fifty-four healthy children aged 3 to 5 years, diagnosed with S-ECC, were examined, and 21 candida-positive children were included in the study. Children were randomly assigned to 3 groups; 500 ppm NaF toothpaste (Control) group; 10% CPP-ACP group and CaGP and 12% Xylitol group. Oral hygiene training was given to the children and they were told to use remineralization agents 3 times a day for 3-5 min for 2 weeks. Unstimulated saliva was quantitatively cultured for Candida counts. The number of colonies of Candida species was determined at the baseline, 2nd week, 1st and 4th months. All analyses were performed with SPSS statistics version 23. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: A statistically significant difference was found between baseline and 1st and 4th month Candida count in CaGP + 12% Xylitol group (p <0.05). CaGP group showed a significant reduction in salivary Candida count (P = 0.028) after 4-months application. However, despite the reduction in Candida count in the NaF toothpaste and CPP-ACP groups, these improvements did not display statistically significant differences. (p>0,05).
Conclusions: These results suggest that remineralization agents can reduce the count of Candida, thus it can be effective in caries management.

Keywords

Early Childhood Caries CPP-ACP CaGP Xylitol Candida

References

  • 1. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, “Policy on Early Childhood Caries (ECC): Classifications, Consequences, and Preventive strategies” http://www.aapd.org/media/Policies Guidelines/P ECCClassifications.pdf.
  • 2. GBD 2016 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet 2017;390(10100):1211-1259.
  • 3. Hajishengallis E, Parsaei Y, Klein MI, Koo H. Advances in the microbial etiology and pathogenesis of early childhood caries. Mol Oral Microbiol 2017; 32: 24–34.
  • 4. Zafar S, Harnekar S Y, Siddiqi A. Early childhood caries: etiology, clinical considerations, consequences and management. Int Dent SA 2009; 11: 24-36.
  • 5. Dye BA, Li X, Thorton-Evans G. Oral health disparities as determined by selected Healthy People 2020 oral health objectives for the united states, 2009–2010. NCHS Data Brief 2012; 104:1–8.
  • 6. Orland F J, Blayney J R, Harrison R W, Reyniers J A, Trexler P C, Wagner M, Gordon H, Luckey T. Use of the germfree animal technic in the study of experimental dental caries: I. Basic observations on rats reared free of all microorganisms. Journal of dental research 1954; 33: 147-174.
  • 7. Xiao J, Grier A, Faustoferri R, Alzoubi S, Gill A, Feng C, Liu Y, Quivey R, Kopycka-Kedzierawski D, Koo H. Association between oral candida and bacteriome in children with severe ECC. Journal of dental research 2018; 97: 1468-1476.
  • 8. Xiao J, Huang X, Alkhers N, Alzamil H, Alzoubi S, Wu T T, Castillo D A, Campbell F, Davis J, Herzog K. Candida albicans and early childhood caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Caries research 2018; 52: 102-112.
  • 9. Shino B, Peedikayil FC, Jaiprakash SR, Ahmed Bijapur G, Kottayi S, Jose D. Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity of Chlorhexidine, Coconut Oil, Probiotics, and Ketoconazole on Candida albicans Isolated in Children with Early Childhood Caries: An In Vitro Study. Scientifica (Cairo) 2016; 2016: 7061587.
  • 10. Twetman S, Dhar V. Evidence of effectiveness of current therapies to prevent and treat early childhood caries. Pediatric dentistry 2015; 37: 246-253.
  • 11. Rahiotis C, Vougiouklakis G, Eliades G. Characterization of oral films formed in the presence of a CPP–ACP agent: An in situ study. Journal of dentistry 2008; 36: 272-280.
  • 12. Erdem AP, Sepet E, Avshalom T, Gutkin V, Steinberg D. Effect of CPP-ACP and APF on Streptococcus mutans biofilm: A laboratory study. American journal of dentistry 2011; 24: 119-123.
  • 13. Plonka K, Pukallus M, Holcombe T, Barnett A, Walsh L, Seow W. A randomized controlled clinical trial comparing a remineralizing paste with an antibacterial gel to prevent early childhood caries. Pediatric Dentistry 2013; 35: e8-e12.
  • 14. Al-Batayneh OB, Al-Rai SA, Khader YS. Effect of CPP-ACP on Streptococcus mutans in saliva of high caries-risk preschool children: a randomized clinical trial. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2020; 21: 339-346.
  • 15. Schulz KF, Altman DG, Moher D. CONSORT 2010 statement: Updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. Journal of Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics. 2010; 1: 100-107.
  • 16. Külekçi G. Diş çürüğü aktivite testleri nedir? Neden, ne zaman ve nasıl uygulanmalı? IDO Dergi 2001; 81: 10.
  • 17. Gibbons RJ, Armstrong WD. Bacteriology of dental caries. J Dent Res 1964; 43: 1021-1028.
  • 18. Raja M, Hannan A, Ali K. Association of oral candidal carriage with dental caries in children. Caries research 2010; 44: 272-276.
  • 19. Signoretto C, Burlacchini G, Faccioni F, Zanderigo M, Bozzola N, Canepari P. Support for the role of Candida spp. in extensive caries lesions of children. The new microbiologica 2009; 32: 101.
  • 20. Klinke T, Guggenheim B, Klimm W, Thurnheer T. Dental caries in rats associated with Candida albicans. Caries research 2011; 45: 100-106.
  • 21. de Carvalho FG, Silva DS, Hebling J, Spolidorio LC, Spolidorio DM. Presence of mutans streptococci and Candida spp. in dental plaque/dentine of carious teeth and early childhood caries. Arch Oral Biol 2006; 51: 1024-1028.
  • 22. Akdeniz BG, Koparal E, Şen BH, Ateş M, Denizci AA. Prevalence of Candida albicans in oral cavities and root canals of children. Journal of dentistry for children 2002; 69: 289-292.
  • 23. Li Y, Tanner A. Effect of antimicrobial interventions on the oral microbiota associated with early childhood caries. Pediatric dentistry 2015; 37: 226-244.
  • 24. He S, Choong EKM, Duangthip D, Chu CH, Lo ECM. Clinical interventions with various agents to prevent early childhood caries: A systematic review with network meta-analysis. Int J Paediatr Dent 2023; 33: 507-520.
  • 25. Zhou C, Zhang D, Bai Y, Li S. Casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate remineralization of primary teeth early enamel lesions. Journal of dentistry 2014; 42: 21-29.
  • 26. Wong M, Clarkson J, Glenny A-M, Lo E, Marinho V, Tsang B, Walsh T, Worthington H. Cochrane reviews on the benefits/risks of fluoride toothpastes. Journal of dental research 2011; 90: 573-579.
  • 27. Wright J T, Hanson N, Ristic H, Whall C W, Estrich C G, Zentz R R. Fluoride toothpaste efficacy and safety in children younger than 6 years: a systematic review. The Journal of the American Dental Association 2014; 145: 182-189.
  • 28. Zaze AC, Dias AP, Sassaki KT, Delbem AC. The effects of low-fluoride toothpaste supplemented with calcium glycerophosphate on enamel demineralization. Clin Oral Investig 2014; 18: 1619-1624.
  • 29. Cavazana TP, Hosida TY, Sampaio C, de Morais LA, Monteiro DR, Pessan JP, Delbem ACB. Calcium glycerophosphate and fluoride affect the pH and inorganic composition of dual-species biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. J Dent 2021; 115: 103844.
  • 30. Oliveira M J L, Martins C C, Paiva S M, Tenuta L, Cury J A. Estimated fluoride doses from toothpastes should be based on total soluble fluoride. International journal of environmental research and public health 2013; 10: 5726-5736.
  • 31. Brunton P, Davies R, Burke J, Smith A, Aggeli A, Brookes S, Kirkham J. Treatment of early caries lesions using biomimetic self-assembling peptides–a clinical safety trial. British dental journal 2013; 215: E6.
  • 32. Cochrane N, Saranathan S, Cai F, Cross K, Reynolds E. Enamel subsurface lesion remineralisation with casein phosphopeptide stabilised solutions of calcium, phosphate and fluoride. Caries research 2008; 42: 88-97.
  • 33. Schüpbach P, Neeser JR, Golliard M, Rouvet M, Guggenheim B. Incorporation of caseinoglycomacropeptide and caseinophosphopeptide into the salivary pellicle inhibits adherence of mutans streptococci. Journal of Dental Research 1996; 75: 1779-1788.
  • 34. Grychtol S, Basche S, Hannig M, Hannig C. Effect of CPP/ACP on initial bioadhesion to enamel and dentin in situ. The Scientific World Journal 2014; 2014.
  • 35. Kawasaki A, Suge T, Ishikawa K, Ozaki K, Matsuo T, Ebisu S. Ammonium hexafluorosilicate increased acid resistance of bovine enamel and dentine. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 2005; 16: 461-466.
  • 36. Ly KA, Milgrom P, Rothen M. Xylitol, sweeteners, and dental caries. Pediatr Dent 2006; 28: 154-163.
  • 37. Milgrom P, Ly KA, Tut OK, Mancl L, Roberts MC, Briand K, Gancio MJ. Xylitol pediatric topical oral syrup to prevent dental caries: a double-blind randomized clinical trial of efficacy. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine 2009; 163: 601-607.
  • 38. Seki M, Karakama F, Kawato T, Tanaka H, Saeki Y, Yamashita Y. Effect of xylitol gum on the level of oral mutans streptococci of preschoolers: block‐randomised trial. International dental journal 2011; 61: 274-280.
  • 39. Zhan L, Featherstone J, Lo J, Krupansky C, Hoang N, DenBesten P, Huynh T. Clinical efficacy and effects of xylitol wipes on bacterial virulence. Advances in dental research 2012; 24: 117-122.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Paedodontics
Journal Section Original Research Articles
Authors

Figen Eren Giray 0000-0001-8359-5377

Ceren Güven Özşahin 0000-0003-2675-9528

Nursen Topcuoğlu 0000-0002-5041-1129

Betul Kargul 0000-0002-3294-8846

Publication Date December 30, 2024
Submission Date November 25, 2024
Acceptance Date December 13, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024

Cite

EndNote Eren Giray F, Güven Özşahin C, Topcuoğlu N, Kargul B (December 1, 2024) Investigation of Antifungal Effects of Different Remineralization Agents on Salivary Candida amount in children with Early Childhood Caries. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 27 4 245–251.

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