Evaluation Of The Effect Of Current Remineralization Agents On Enamel By Different Methods

Simge Gümüş; Elif Pınar Bakir; Şeyhmus Bakır

doi:10.7126/cumudj.1448510

Research Article

Year 2024, , 158 - 165, 30.09.2024

Simge Gümüş , Elif Pınar Bakir , Şeyhmus Bakır

https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1448510

Abstract

Project Number

Project Number: DİŞ.20.013

References

1. Armfield JM, Spencer AJ. Quarter of a century of change: caries experience in Australian children, 1977-2002. Aust Dent J, 2008; 53(2): 151-9.
2. ten Cate JM, Mundorff SA. Working group report 1: Laboratory Models for caries (in vitro and animal models). Adv Dent Res. 1995; 9(3): 332- 334.
3. Nagarathana C, Sakunthala BK, Naveena Preethi P. An update on current remineralizing agent. OHDM. 2015; 14(4): 183-7.
4. Maguire A, Rugg-Gunn AJ. Xylitol and caries prevention--is it a magic bullet? British Dental Journal, 2003, 194: 429-436.
5. Akyildiz M, Sönmez IS. Comparison of Remineralising Potential of Nano Silver Fluoride, Silver Diamine Fluoride and Sodium Fluoride Varnish on Artificial Caries: An In Vitro Study. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2019;17(5):469-477. doi: 10.3290/j.ohpd.a42739. PMID: 31268047.
6. Higham SM, Pretty IA, Edgar WM, Smith PW. The use of in situ models and QLF for the study of coronal caries. Journal of Dentistry, 2005, 33: 235-241.
7. Xuelian H, Qiang G, Biao R, Yuqing L, Xuedong Z. Models in caries research. In: Dental Caries, Springer, 2016: 157-173.
8. Buzalaf MA, Hannas AR, Magalhaes AC, Rios D, Honorio HM, Delbem AC. pH cycling models for in vitro evaluation of the efficacy of fluoridated dentifrices for caries control: strengths and limitations. Journal of Applied Oral Science, 2010; 18: 316-334.
9. Al-Khateeb SN, Tarazi SJ, Al Maaitah EF, Al-Batayneh OB, Alhaija EA. Does acid etching enhance remineralisation of arrested white spot lesions? Eur Arch Paediatr Dent, 2014; 15(6): 413-19.
10. Torres CR, Rosa PC, Ferreira NS, Borges AB. Effect of caries infiltration technique and fluorid therapy on microhardness of enamel carious lesions. Oper Dent. 2012; 37: 363-369.
11. Pancu G, Andrian S, Iovan G, Ghiorghe A, Topoliceanu C, Moldovanu A, et al. Study Regarding the Assessment of Enamel Microhardness in Incipient Carious Lesions Treated By Icon Method. Rom J Oral Rehabil. 2011; 3(4): 94-100.
12. Featherstone JDB, Ten Cate JM, Shariati M, Arends J. Comparison of artificial caries-like lesions by quantitative microradiography and microhardness profiles. Caries Res. 1983; 17(5): 385-391.
13. Amaechi BT. Emerging technologies for diagnosis of dental caries: The road so far. Journal of Applied Physics. 2009; 105(10): 102047.
14. Onyeagba RA, Ugbogu OC, Okeke CU, Iroakasi O. Studies on the antimicrobial effects of garlic (Allium sativum Linn), ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and lime (Citrus aurantifolia Linn). African Journal of Biotechnology. 2004; 3(10): 552-554.
15. Khan R, Zakir M, Khan AU, Afaq SH, Latif A. Activity of solvent extracts of Prosopis spicigera, Zingiber officinale and Trachyspermum ammi against multidrug resistant bacterial and fungal strains. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2010; 4(5): 292-300.
16. Kade, Kimaya K., et al. "Comparative Evaluation of the Remineralization Potential of Fluoride-containing Toothpaste, Honey Ginger Paste and Ozone. An In Vitro Study." International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 15.5 (2022): 541.
17. Celik, Z. C., et al. "Do ginger extract, natural honey and bitter chocolate remineralize enamel surface as fluoride toothpastes? An in-vitro study." Nigerian journal of clinical practice 24.9 (2021): 1283-8.
18. Benjamin, Shiny, Sabeena Susan Thomas, and Mohan Thomas Nainan. "Grape seed extract as a potential remineralizing agent: a comparative in vitro study." The journal of contemporary dental practice 13.4 (2012): 425-430.
19. Seow WK. Biological mechanisms of early childhood caries. Community Dent. 1998; 26(Suppl 1): 8-27. 20. Puy LC, Navarro FL. Evidence concerning the medical management of caries. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2008; 13(5): 325-330.
21. Sicca C, Bobbio E, Quartuccio N, Nicolò G, Cistaro A. Prevention of dental caries: A review of effective treatments. J Clin Exp Dent. 2016; 8(5): 604-610.
22. Bostancı B, Korkut E, Ünlü N. Başlangıç mine lezyonlarının florür içermeyen ve invaziv olmayan tedavi yöntemleri. Turkiye Klin J Restor Dent-Special Top. 2017; 3(1): 7-13.
23. Makinen KK, Saag M, Isotupa KP, Olak J, Nõmmela R, Söderling E, Mäkinen PL. Similarity of the effects of erythritol and xylitol on some risk factors of dental caries. Caries Res. 2005; 39: 207-215.
24. Mandava J, Reddy SY, Kantheti S, Chalasani U, Ravi RC, Borugadda R, Konagala RK. Microhardness and penetration of artificial white spot lesions treated with resin or colloidal silica infiltration. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017; 11(4): 142-6.
25. Amaechi BT, Porteous N, Ramalingam K, Mensinkai PK, Ccahuana Vasquez RA, Sadeghpour A, Nakamoto T. Remineralization of artificial enamel lesions by theobromine. Caries Res. 2013; 47: 399-405.
26. Balakrishnan M, Simmonds RS, Tagg JR. Dental caries is a preventable infectious disease. Aust Dent J. 2000;45(4): 235-45.
27. Çelik E, Yazkan B, Katırcı G. Başlangıç Çürük Lezyonlarının Tedavisi, Atatürk Üniv. Diş Hek. Fak. Derg. 2011; 21(1): 48-56.
28. Reynolds EC, Cai F, Shen P, Walker GD. Retention in plaque and remineralization of enamel lesions by various forms of calcium in a mouthrinse or sugar-free chewing gum. J Dent Res 2003; 82: 206-11.
29. Hawkins R, Locker D, Noble J, Kay EJ. Prevention, part 7: professionally applied topical fluorides for caries prevention. Br Dent J. 2003; 195(6): 313-7.
30. Munjal D, Garg S, Dhindsa A, Sidhu GK, Sethi HS. Assessment of white spot lesions and in-vivo evaluation of the effect of CPP-ACP on white spot lesions in permanent molars of children. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016; 10(5): 149-54.
31. Bailey DL, Adams GG, Tsao CE, Hyslop A, Escobar K, Manton DJ, Reynolds EJ, Morgan MV. Regression of post-orthodontic lesions by a remineralizing cream. J Dent Res. 2009; 88(12): 1148-53.
32. Yavuz, Betul Sen, and Betul Kargul. "Comparative evaluation of the spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and microhardness for remineralization of enamel caries lesions." Dental Materials Journal 40.5 (2021): 1115-21.
33. Akkurt MD, Polat GG, Altun C, Başak F. Beyaz nokta lezyonlarının teşhis ve tedavi yöntemleri. ADO Klinik Bilimler Dergisi. 2010; 4(2): 536-44.
34. Gocmen, Gulcin Bilgin, et al. "Effectiveness of some herbals on initial enamel caries lesion." Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 6.10 (2016): 846-850.
35. Smullen J, Finney M, Storey DM, Foster HA. Prevention of artificial dental plaque formation in vitro by plant extracts. J Appl Microbiol, 2012; 113(4): 964-73.
36. Grobler SR, du Toit IJ, Basson NJ. The effect of honey on human tooth enamel in vitro observed by electron microscopy and microhardness measurements. Arch Oral Biol, 1994; 39(2): 147-53.
37. Syafira G, Permatasarı R, Wardani N. Theobromine effects on enamel surface mikrohardness: In vitro. J Dent, 2012. 19(2): 32-6.
38. Ooshima T, Osaka Y, Sasaki H, Osawa K, Yasuda H, Matsumura M, Sobue S, Matsumoto M. Caries inhibitory activity of cacao bean husk extract in in-vitro and animal experiments. Arch Oral Biol, 2000; 45(8): 639-45.
39. Osawa K, Miyazaki K, Shimura S, Okuda J, Matsumoto M, Ooshima T. Identification of cariostatic substances in the cacao bean husk: their anti-glucosyltransferase and antibacterial activities. J Dent Res,2001; 80(11): 2000-2004.
40. Xie Q, Bedran Russo AK, Wu CD. In vitro remineralisation effects of grape seed extract on artificial root caries. J Dent. 2008; 36(11): 900-6.
41. Wu CD. Grape products and oral health. J Nutr. 2009; 139(9): 1818- 1823.
42. Mirkarimi M, Eskandarion S, Bargrizan M, Delazar A, Kharazifard MJ. Remineralization of artificial caries in primary teeth by grape seed extract: an vitro study. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects. 2013; 7(4): 206-10.
43. Jawale KD, Kamat SB, Patil JA, Nanjannawar GS, Chopade RV. Grape seed extract: an innovation in remineralization. J Conserv Dent. 2017; 20(6): 415-8.
44. Tang CF, Fang M, Liu RR, Dou Q, Chai ZG, Xiao YH, et al. The role of grape seed extract in the remineralization of demineralized dentine: micromorphological and physical analyses. Arch Oral Biol. 2013; 58(12): 1769-1776.
45. Bolty, H. A., El-Olimy, G. A. E., & Elbahrawy, E. (2023). Efficacy of different natural remineralizing agents on treatment of artificially induced enamel caries (An in vitro comparative study). Tanta Dental Journal, 20(4), 307-318.
46. Abd El Sattar, N., A ElAziz, R. H., & Riad, M. I. (2023). Remineralization Potential of Grape Seed Extract Versus Fluoride Mouthwash in Management of Post-Orthodontic White Spot Lesions: A 6m Randomized Clinical Trial. Advanced Dental Journal, 5(4), 934-942.
47. Desai, S., Rao, D., Panwar, S., Kothari, N., & Gupta, S. (2022). An in vitro comparative evaluation of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride, tricalcium phosphate and grape seed extract on remineralization of artificial caries lesion in primary enamel. The Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 46(5), 72-80.

Evaluation Of The Effect Of Current Remineralization Agents On Enamel By Different Methods

Year 2024, , 158 - 165, 30.09.2024

Simge Gümüş , Elif Pınar Bakir , Şeyhmus Bakır

https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1448510

Abstract

Objectives: In this study, it was aimed to quantitatively evaluate the remineralization capacity of natural medicaments such as ginger, grape seed extract and rosemary, and materials containing casein and hydroxyapatite of initial caries lesions in vitro.. Materials and Methods: 42 enamel samples obtained from human teeth; were divided into six group as; Group-I (10% Casein Phosphopeptide Amorphous Calcium Phosphate [CPP-ACP], GC Tooth Mousse, Group-II (Rosemary Oil), Group-III (ginger+honey), Group-IV (ginger+honey+cocoa), Group-V (grape seed extract) and Group-VI (control group; remineralization solution). After enamel samples were kept in demineralization solution for 72 hours to create initial caries lesion, grouped remineralization agents were applied to enamel samples with caries lesion during the six-day pH cycle. Measurements were made using surface microhardness and DIAGNOdent at three different stages. The data obtained in the research were analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 program. The results were evaluated at the p<0.05 significance level. Results: In surface microhardness measurements, all test materials showed significantly more remineralization than fluoride tooth cream, and grape seed extract was found to be the most successful group (p≤0.05). When all groups were compared with the positive control group, there were significant statistical differences between the groups (p≤0.05). The remineralization capacities of the groups whose activities were examined; grape seed extract> ginger+honey+cocoa>ginger+honey> rosemary oil > GC tooth mousse. Conclusions: : It is thought that rosemary, ginger + honey + cocoa, grape seed extract materials can be used for remineralization in these working conditions where the initial caries lesions can be remineralized after six days.

Keywords

microhardness, remineralization, grape seed extract, ginger, rosemary

Ethical Statement

Ethics committee approval was obtained from Dicle University Faculty of Dentistry Unit Ethics Committee (Decision Protocol No: 2020-1) , (Decision Date: 29.01.2020).

Supporting Institution

This research has been supported by Dicle University Scientifıc Research Projects Coordination Unit. Project Number: DİŞ.20.013

Project Number

Project Number: DİŞ.20.013

References

1. Armfield JM, Spencer AJ. Quarter of a century of change: caries experience in Australian children, 1977-2002. Aust Dent J, 2008; 53(2): 151-9.
2. ten Cate JM, Mundorff SA. Working group report 1: Laboratory Models for caries (in vitro and animal models). Adv Dent Res. 1995; 9(3): 332- 334.
3. Nagarathana C, Sakunthala BK, Naveena Preethi P. An update on current remineralizing agent. OHDM. 2015; 14(4): 183-7.
4. Maguire A, Rugg-Gunn AJ. Xylitol and caries prevention--is it a magic bullet? British Dental Journal, 2003, 194: 429-436.
5. Akyildiz M, Sönmez IS. Comparison of Remineralising Potential of Nano Silver Fluoride, Silver Diamine Fluoride and Sodium Fluoride Varnish on Artificial Caries: An In Vitro Study. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2019;17(5):469-477. doi: 10.3290/j.ohpd.a42739. PMID: 31268047.
6. Higham SM, Pretty IA, Edgar WM, Smith PW. The use of in situ models and QLF for the study of coronal caries. Journal of Dentistry, 2005, 33: 235-241.
7. Xuelian H, Qiang G, Biao R, Yuqing L, Xuedong Z. Models in caries research. In: Dental Caries, Springer, 2016: 157-173.
8. Buzalaf MA, Hannas AR, Magalhaes AC, Rios D, Honorio HM, Delbem AC. pH cycling models for in vitro evaluation of the efficacy of fluoridated dentifrices for caries control: strengths and limitations. Journal of Applied Oral Science, 2010; 18: 316-334.
9. Al-Khateeb SN, Tarazi SJ, Al Maaitah EF, Al-Batayneh OB, Alhaija EA. Does acid etching enhance remineralisation of arrested white spot lesions? Eur Arch Paediatr Dent, 2014; 15(6): 413-19.
10. Torres CR, Rosa PC, Ferreira NS, Borges AB. Effect of caries infiltration technique and fluorid therapy on microhardness of enamel carious lesions. Oper Dent. 2012; 37: 363-369.
11. Pancu G, Andrian S, Iovan G, Ghiorghe A, Topoliceanu C, Moldovanu A, et al. Study Regarding the Assessment of Enamel Microhardness in Incipient Carious Lesions Treated By Icon Method. Rom J Oral Rehabil. 2011; 3(4): 94-100.
12. Featherstone JDB, Ten Cate JM, Shariati M, Arends J. Comparison of artificial caries-like lesions by quantitative microradiography and microhardness profiles. Caries Res. 1983; 17(5): 385-391.
13. Amaechi BT. Emerging technologies for diagnosis of dental caries: The road so far. Journal of Applied Physics. 2009; 105(10): 102047.
14. Onyeagba RA, Ugbogu OC, Okeke CU, Iroakasi O. Studies on the antimicrobial effects of garlic (Allium sativum Linn), ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and lime (Citrus aurantifolia Linn). African Journal of Biotechnology. 2004; 3(10): 552-554.
15. Khan R, Zakir M, Khan AU, Afaq SH, Latif A. Activity of solvent extracts of Prosopis spicigera, Zingiber officinale and Trachyspermum ammi against multidrug resistant bacterial and fungal strains. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2010; 4(5): 292-300.
16. Kade, Kimaya K., et al. "Comparative Evaluation of the Remineralization Potential of Fluoride-containing Toothpaste, Honey Ginger Paste and Ozone. An In Vitro Study." International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 15.5 (2022): 541.
17. Celik, Z. C., et al. "Do ginger extract, natural honey and bitter chocolate remineralize enamel surface as fluoride toothpastes? An in-vitro study." Nigerian journal of clinical practice 24.9 (2021): 1283-8.
18. Benjamin, Shiny, Sabeena Susan Thomas, and Mohan Thomas Nainan. "Grape seed extract as a potential remineralizing agent: a comparative in vitro study." The journal of contemporary dental practice 13.4 (2012): 425-430.
19. Seow WK. Biological mechanisms of early childhood caries. Community Dent. 1998; 26(Suppl 1): 8-27. 20. Puy LC, Navarro FL. Evidence concerning the medical management of caries. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2008; 13(5): 325-330.
21. Sicca C, Bobbio E, Quartuccio N, Nicolò G, Cistaro A. Prevention of dental caries: A review of effective treatments. J Clin Exp Dent. 2016; 8(5): 604-610.
22. Bostancı B, Korkut E, Ünlü N. Başlangıç mine lezyonlarının florür içermeyen ve invaziv olmayan tedavi yöntemleri. Turkiye Klin J Restor Dent-Special Top. 2017; 3(1): 7-13.
23. Makinen KK, Saag M, Isotupa KP, Olak J, Nõmmela R, Söderling E, Mäkinen PL. Similarity of the effects of erythritol and xylitol on some risk factors of dental caries. Caries Res. 2005; 39: 207-215.
24. Mandava J, Reddy SY, Kantheti S, Chalasani U, Ravi RC, Borugadda R, Konagala RK. Microhardness and penetration of artificial white spot lesions treated with resin or colloidal silica infiltration. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017; 11(4): 142-6.
25. Amaechi BT, Porteous N, Ramalingam K, Mensinkai PK, Ccahuana Vasquez RA, Sadeghpour A, Nakamoto T. Remineralization of artificial enamel lesions by theobromine. Caries Res. 2013; 47: 399-405.
26. Balakrishnan M, Simmonds RS, Tagg JR. Dental caries is a preventable infectious disease. Aust Dent J. 2000;45(4): 235-45.
27. Çelik E, Yazkan B, Katırcı G. Başlangıç Çürük Lezyonlarının Tedavisi, Atatürk Üniv. Diş Hek. Fak. Derg. 2011; 21(1): 48-56.
28. Reynolds EC, Cai F, Shen P, Walker GD. Retention in plaque and remineralization of enamel lesions by various forms of calcium in a mouthrinse or sugar-free chewing gum. J Dent Res 2003; 82: 206-11.
29. Hawkins R, Locker D, Noble J, Kay EJ. Prevention, part 7: professionally applied topical fluorides for caries prevention. Br Dent J. 2003; 195(6): 313-7.
30. Munjal D, Garg S, Dhindsa A, Sidhu GK, Sethi HS. Assessment of white spot lesions and in-vivo evaluation of the effect of CPP-ACP on white spot lesions in permanent molars of children. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016; 10(5): 149-54.
31. Bailey DL, Adams GG, Tsao CE, Hyslop A, Escobar K, Manton DJ, Reynolds EJ, Morgan MV. Regression of post-orthodontic lesions by a remineralizing cream. J Dent Res. 2009; 88(12): 1148-53.
32. Yavuz, Betul Sen, and Betul Kargul. "Comparative evaluation of the spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and microhardness for remineralization of enamel caries lesions." Dental Materials Journal 40.5 (2021): 1115-21.
33. Akkurt MD, Polat GG, Altun C, Başak F. Beyaz nokta lezyonlarının teşhis ve tedavi yöntemleri. ADO Klinik Bilimler Dergisi. 2010; 4(2): 536-44.
34. Gocmen, Gulcin Bilgin, et al. "Effectiveness of some herbals on initial enamel caries lesion." Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 6.10 (2016): 846-850.
35. Smullen J, Finney M, Storey DM, Foster HA. Prevention of artificial dental plaque formation in vitro by plant extracts. J Appl Microbiol, 2012; 113(4): 964-73.
36. Grobler SR, du Toit IJ, Basson NJ. The effect of honey on human tooth enamel in vitro observed by electron microscopy and microhardness measurements. Arch Oral Biol, 1994; 39(2): 147-53.
37. Syafira G, Permatasarı R, Wardani N. Theobromine effects on enamel surface mikrohardness: In vitro. J Dent, 2012. 19(2): 32-6.
38. Ooshima T, Osaka Y, Sasaki H, Osawa K, Yasuda H, Matsumura M, Sobue S, Matsumoto M. Caries inhibitory activity of cacao bean husk extract in in-vitro and animal experiments. Arch Oral Biol, 2000; 45(8): 639-45.
39. Osawa K, Miyazaki K, Shimura S, Okuda J, Matsumoto M, Ooshima T. Identification of cariostatic substances in the cacao bean husk: their anti-glucosyltransferase and antibacterial activities. J Dent Res,2001; 80(11): 2000-2004.
40. Xie Q, Bedran Russo AK, Wu CD. In vitro remineralisation effects of grape seed extract on artificial root caries. J Dent. 2008; 36(11): 900-6.
41. Wu CD. Grape products and oral health. J Nutr. 2009; 139(9): 1818- 1823.
42. Mirkarimi M, Eskandarion S, Bargrizan M, Delazar A, Kharazifard MJ. Remineralization of artificial caries in primary teeth by grape seed extract: an vitro study. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects. 2013; 7(4): 206-10.
43. Jawale KD, Kamat SB, Patil JA, Nanjannawar GS, Chopade RV. Grape seed extract: an innovation in remineralization. J Conserv Dent. 2017; 20(6): 415-8.
44. Tang CF, Fang M, Liu RR, Dou Q, Chai ZG, Xiao YH, et al. The role of grape seed extract in the remineralization of demineralized dentine: micromorphological and physical analyses. Arch Oral Biol. 2013; 58(12): 1769-1776.
45. Bolty, H. A., El-Olimy, G. A. E., & Elbahrawy, E. (2023). Efficacy of different natural remineralizing agents on treatment of artificially induced enamel caries (An in vitro comparative study). Tanta Dental Journal, 20(4), 307-318.
46. Abd El Sattar, N., A ElAziz, R. H., & Riad, M. I. (2023). Remineralization Potential of Grape Seed Extract Versus Fluoride Mouthwash in Management of Post-Orthodontic White Spot Lesions: A 6m Randomized Clinical Trial. Advanced Dental Journal, 5(4), 934-942.
47. Desai, S., Rao, D., Panwar, S., Kothari, N., & Gupta, S. (2022). An in vitro comparative evaluation of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride, tricalcium phosphate and grape seed extract on remineralization of artificial caries lesion in primary enamel. The Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 46(5), 72-80.

There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Dental Therapeutics, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials
Journal Section	Original Research Articles
Authors	Simge Gümüş 0000-0003-1153-4545 Elif Pınar Bakir 0000-0003-4011-5091 Şeyhmus Bakır 0000-0003-2048-3065
Project Number	Project Number: DİŞ.20.013
Publication Date	September 30, 2024
Submission Date	March 7, 2024
Acceptance Date	July 23, 2024
Published in Issue	Year 2024

Cite

EndNote	Gümüş S, Bakir EP, Bakır Ş (September 1, 2024) Evaluation Of The Effect Of Current Remineralization Agents On Enamel By Different Methods. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 27 3 158–165.

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