Evaluation of the Changes in Condylion-Gonion-Menton Angle and Dentoalveolar Heights After Treatment of Skeletal Class II Division I Malocclusions with Removable Functional Appliances
Abstract
Objectives: Condylion-Gonion-Menton (CoGoMe) angle and dentoalveolar heights are important parameters that provide information about maxillomandibular growth and development. This study aimed to examine the changes in the CoGoMe angle and dentoalveolar heights after functional treatment and to analyze whether they are related to each other.
Materials and Methods: A total of 60 patients, 38 females (mean age 11.7 ± 0.6) and 22 males (mean age 12.6 ± 0.5), with skeletal class II division I malocclusion caused by mandibular retrognathia in the peak period were included. Linear measurements of skeletal angular and dentoalveolar heights were made on lateral cephalograms taken pre- (T0) and post-functional treatment (T1). Paired sample t test, Wilcoxon test and Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient were used for statistical analyses. Statistical significance was accepted as p<0.05.
Results: While the CoGoMe angle increased significantly with treatment, no significant change was found in the SN/GoGn angle. While no significant change was observed in SNA angle, the increase in SNB and the decrease in ANB were found to be significant. No significant change was observed in anterior dentoalveolar heights. However, increases in posterior dentoalveolar heights were found to be significant. While there was no significant relationship between dentoalveolar heights and CoGoMe angle, dentoalveolar heights showed a positive significant relationship with each other.
Conclusion: It was concluded that: (i) the CoGoMe angle was a suitable alternative instead of SN/GoGn for the monitoring of mandibular growth with functional treatment; (ii) there was no correlation between the changes in dentoalveolar heights and the CoGoMe angle; and (iii) the significant increases in posterior dentoalveolar heights were caused by extrusion as a result of selective grindings in the molar region in order to obtain class I relationship.
Keywords: cephalometry, dentoalveolar height, functional, malocclusion, orthodontic appliance
Ethical Statement
It is declared that during the preparation process of this study, scientific and ethical principles were followed and all the studies benefited are stated in the bibliography.
Supporting Institution
The authors declared that this study has received no financial support
References
- 1. Alogaibi YA, Murshid ZA, Alsulimani FF, et al. Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among young adults in Jeddah city. J Orthodont Sci. 2020;9(3).
- 2. Namdar P, Shiva A, Lal Alizadeh F, et al. Prevalence of dental malocclusions among 12-14-year-old students in East Mazandaran. Iran J Pediatr Dent. 2021;16(2):58-69.
- 3. Jena AK, Duggal R, Parkash H. Skeletal and dentoalveolar effects of Twin-block and bionator appliances in the treatment of Class II malocclusion: a comparative study. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2006;130(5):594- 602.
- 4. Pancherz H, Ruf S. The Herbst appliance: research-based updated clinical possibilities. World J Orthod. 2000;1(1):17.
- 5. Proffit, WR, Fields Jr HW, Sarver DM. Contemporary Orthodontics. 5 th ed. Missouri: Mosby Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc; 2013.
- 6. McNamara Jr JA. Components of Class II malocclusion in children 8–10 years of age. Angle Orthod. 1981;51(3):177-202.
- 7. Petrovic A, Lavergne J, Stutzmann J. Tissue-level growth and responsiveness potential, growth rotation and treatment decision. Science and clinical judgment in orthodontics. 1986;Monograph 19:249.
- 8. Wahl N. Orthodontics in 3 millennia. Chapter 9: functional appliances to midcentury. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2006;129(6):829-833.
- 9. Baccaglione G, Rota E, Ferrari M, et al. Second class functional treatment: Andreasen activator vs twin block. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2020;13(2):144-149.
- 10. El-Huni A, Salazar FBC, Sharma PK, et al. Understanding factors influencing compliance with removable functional appliances: a qualitative study. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2019;155(2):173-181.
- 11. Franchi L, Alvetro L, Giuntini V, et al. Effectiveness of comprehensive fixed appliance treatment used with the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device in Class II patients. Angle Orthod. 2011;81(4):678-683.
- 12. Valletta R, Rongo R, Pango Madariaga AC, et al. Relationship between the Condylion–Gonion–Menton angle and dentoalveolar heights. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(9):3309.
- 13. Cozza P, Baccetti T, Franchi L, et al. Mandibular changes produced by functional appliances in Class II malocclusion: a systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2006;129(5):599. e591-599. e512.
- 14. Franchi L, Baccetti T. Prediction of individual mandibular changes induced by functional jaw orthopedics followed by fixed appliances in Class II patients. Angle Orthod. 2006;76(6):950-954.
- 15. Tallgren A, Solow B. Age differences in adult dentoalveolar heights. Eur J Orthod. 1991;13(2):149-156.
- 16. Shaikh A, Fida M. Dentoalveolar heights in skeletal class I normodivergent facial patterns. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2012;22(1):5-9.
- 17. Laranjo F, Pinho T. Cephalometric study of the upper airways and dentoalveolar height in open bite patients. Int Orthod. 2014;12(4):467-482.
- 18. D’Antò V, Pango Madariaga AC, Rongo R, et al. Distribution of the condylion-gonion-menton (cogome^) angle in a population of patients from southern Italy. Dent J. 2019;7(4):104.
- 19. Islam ZU, Shaikh AJ, Fida M. Dentoalveolar heights in vertical and sagittal facial patterns. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2016;26(9):753-757.
- 20. DeVincenzo JP. Changes in mandibular length before, during, and after successful orthopedic correction of Class II malocclusions, using a functional appliance. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1991;99(3):241-257.
- 21. Tümer N, Gültan AS. Comparison of the effects of monoblock and twin-block appliances on the skeletal and dentoalveolar structures. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1999;116(4):460-468.
- 22. Mardiati E, Soemantri ES, Halim H. Determination of the duration of various pubertal growth stages in Indonesian boys and girls using hand-wrist radiographs. J World Fed Orthod. 2018;7(4):146-149.
- 23. Cortese M, Pigato G, Casiraghi G, et al. Evaluation of the oropharyngeal airway space in class II malocclusion treated with mandibular activator: a retrospective study. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2020;21(6):666-672.
- 24. Li C, Teixeira H, Tanna N, et al. The reliability of two-and three-dimensional cephalometric measurements: A CBCT study. Diagnostics. 2021;11(12):2292.
- 25. Mitra R, Chauhan A, Sardana S, et al. Determination of the comparative accuracy of manual, semi-digital, and fully digital cephalometric tracing methods in orthodontics. J Dent Def Sect. 2020;14(2):52-58.
- 26. Benn DK, Vig PS. Estimation of x-ray radiation related cancers in US dental offices: Is it worth the risk? Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2021;132(5):597-608.
- 27. Kapetanović A, Oosterkamp BC, Lamberts AA, et al. Orthodontic radiology: development of a clinical practice guideline. Radiol Med. 2021;126:72-82.
- 28. Yeh J-K, Chen C-H. Estimated radiation risk of cancer from dental cone-beam computed tomography imaging in orthodontics patients. BMC Oral Health. 2018;18:1-8.
- 29. Martina R, Farella M, Tagliaferri R, et al. The relationship between molar dentoalveolar and craniofacial heights. Angle Orthod. 2005;75(6):974-979.
- 30. Dikmen F, Bolat E. Comparison of The Effects of Monoblock and Twin Block Appliances in Class II Division 1 And Class II Division 2 Patients. Suleyman Demirel University Journal of Health Sciences. 2020;11(3):311-321.
- 31. Küçükönder A, Doruk C. Evaluation of the effects of monoblock and twin Force appli-ances on the dentofacial System. Int J Oral Dent Health. 2019;5:078.
- 32. Ardani IGAW, Pratiknjo IS, Djaharu’ddin I. Correlation between dentoalveolar heights and vertical skeletal patterns in class I malocclusion in ethnic Javanese. Eur J Dent. 2021;15(2):210-215.
- 33. Kucera J, Marek I, Tycova H, et al. Molar height and dentoalveolar compensation in adult subjects with skeletal open bite. Angle Orthod. 2011;81(4):564-569.
İskeletsel Sınıf II Bölüm I Maloklüzyonların Hareketli Fonksiyonel Apareylerle Tedavisi Sonrası Condylion-Gonion-Menton Açısı ve Dentoalveolar Yüksekliklerdeki Değişikliklerin Değerlendirilmesi
Abstract
Amaç: Condylion-Gonion-Menton (CoGoMe) açısı ve dentoalveolar yükseklikler maksillomandibular büyüme ve gelişme hakkında bilgi sağlayan önemli parametrelerdir. Bu çalışmada fonksiyonel tedavi sonrası CoGoMe açısı ve dentoalveoler yüksekliklerde meydana gelen değişikliklerin incelenmesi ve birbirleriyle ilişkili olup olmadığının analiz edilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya mandibular retrognatiden kaynaklanan iskeletsel sınıf II bölüm I maloklüzyona sahip ve pik döneminde bulunan 38'i kadın (ortalama yaş 11,7 ± 0,6) ve 22'si erkek (ortalama yaş 12,6 ± 0,5) olmak üzere toplam 60 hasta dahil edildi. İskeletsel açıların ve dentoalveoler yüksekliklerin doğrusal ölçümleri, fonksiyonel tedavi öncesi (T0) ve fonksiyonel tedavi sonrası (T1) alınan lateral sefalometrik radyografilerde yapıldı. İstatistiksel analizlerde eşleştirilmiş örneklem t testi, Wilcoxon testi ve Spearman'ın rho korelasyon katsayısı kullanıldı. İstatistiksel anlamlılık p<0,05 olarak kabul edildi.
Bulgular: Fonksiyonel tedavi ile CoGoMe açısında anlamlı artış gözlenirken, SN/GoGn açısında anlamlı bir değişiklik saptanmadı. SNA açısında anlamlı bir değişiklik gözlenmezken, SNB'deki artış ve ANB'deki azalma anlamlı bulundu. Anterior dentoalveolar yüksekliklerde anlamlı bir değişiklik gözlenmezken, posterior dentoalveolar yüksekliklerdeki artışların anlamlı olduğu görüldü. Dentoalveolar yükseklikler ile CoGoMe açısı arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmazken, dentoalveolar yükseklikler birbirleriyle pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişki gösterdi.
Sonuç: Sonuç olarak: (i)CoGoMe açısı, fonksiyonel tedavi ile mandibular büyümenin izlenmesinde SN/GoGn yerine uygun bir alternatiftir; (ii) dentoalveoler yüksekliklerdeki değişiklikler ile CoGoMe açısı arasında herhangi bir korelasyon yoktur; ve (iii) posterior dentoalveoler yüksekliklerdeki anlamlı artışların, sınıf I ilişkiyi elde etmek amacıyla molar bölgede yapılan selektif möllemenin sonucunda oluşan ekstrüzyondan kaynaklandığı görülmüştür.
Anahtar Kelimeler: dentoalveolar yükseklik, fonksiyonel, maloklüzyon, ortodontik aparey, sefalometri
Ethical Statement
Bu çalışmanın hazırlanma sürecinde bilimsel ve etik ilkelere uyulduğu ve yararlanılan tüm çalışmaların kaynakçada belirtildiği beyan olunur.
Supporting Institution
Yazarlar bu çalışma için finansal destek almadığını beyan etmiştir.
References
- 1. Alogaibi YA, Murshid ZA, Alsulimani FF, et al. Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among young adults in Jeddah city. J Orthodont Sci. 2020;9(3).
- 2. Namdar P, Shiva A, Lal Alizadeh F, et al. Prevalence of dental malocclusions among 12-14-year-old students in East Mazandaran. Iran J Pediatr Dent. 2021;16(2):58-69.
- 3. Jena AK, Duggal R, Parkash H. Skeletal and dentoalveolar effects of Twin-block and bionator appliances in the treatment of Class II malocclusion: a comparative study. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2006;130(5):594- 602.
- 4. Pancherz H, Ruf S. The Herbst appliance: research-based updated clinical possibilities. World J Orthod. 2000;1(1):17.
- 5. Proffit, WR, Fields Jr HW, Sarver DM. Contemporary Orthodontics. 5 th ed. Missouri: Mosby Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc; 2013.
- 6. McNamara Jr JA. Components of Class II malocclusion in children 8–10 years of age. Angle Orthod. 1981;51(3):177-202.
- 7. Petrovic A, Lavergne J, Stutzmann J. Tissue-level growth and responsiveness potential, growth rotation and treatment decision. Science and clinical judgment in orthodontics. 1986;Monograph 19:249.
- 8. Wahl N. Orthodontics in 3 millennia. Chapter 9: functional appliances to midcentury. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2006;129(6):829-833.
- 9. Baccaglione G, Rota E, Ferrari M, et al. Second class functional treatment: Andreasen activator vs twin block. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2020;13(2):144-149.
- 10. El-Huni A, Salazar FBC, Sharma PK, et al. Understanding factors influencing compliance with removable functional appliances: a qualitative study. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2019;155(2):173-181.
- 11. Franchi L, Alvetro L, Giuntini V, et al. Effectiveness of comprehensive fixed appliance treatment used with the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device in Class II patients. Angle Orthod. 2011;81(4):678-683.
- 12. Valletta R, Rongo R, Pango Madariaga AC, et al. Relationship between the Condylion–Gonion–Menton angle and dentoalveolar heights. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(9):3309.
- 13. Cozza P, Baccetti T, Franchi L, et al. Mandibular changes produced by functional appliances in Class II malocclusion: a systematic review. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2006;129(5):599. e591-599. e512.
- 14. Franchi L, Baccetti T. Prediction of individual mandibular changes induced by functional jaw orthopedics followed by fixed appliances in Class II patients. Angle Orthod. 2006;76(6):950-954.
- 15. Tallgren A, Solow B. Age differences in adult dentoalveolar heights. Eur J Orthod. 1991;13(2):149-156.
- 16. Shaikh A, Fida M. Dentoalveolar heights in skeletal class I normodivergent facial patterns. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2012;22(1):5-9.
- 17. Laranjo F, Pinho T. Cephalometric study of the upper airways and dentoalveolar height in open bite patients. Int Orthod. 2014;12(4):467-482.
- 18. D’Antò V, Pango Madariaga AC, Rongo R, et al. Distribution of the condylion-gonion-menton (cogome^) angle in a population of patients from southern Italy. Dent J. 2019;7(4):104.
- 19. Islam ZU, Shaikh AJ, Fida M. Dentoalveolar heights in vertical and sagittal facial patterns. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2016;26(9):753-757.
- 20. DeVincenzo JP. Changes in mandibular length before, during, and after successful orthopedic correction of Class II malocclusions, using a functional appliance. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1991;99(3):241-257.
- 21. Tümer N, Gültan AS. Comparison of the effects of monoblock and twin-block appliances on the skeletal and dentoalveolar structures. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 1999;116(4):460-468.
- 22. Mardiati E, Soemantri ES, Halim H. Determination of the duration of various pubertal growth stages in Indonesian boys and girls using hand-wrist radiographs. J World Fed Orthod. 2018;7(4):146-149.
- 23. Cortese M, Pigato G, Casiraghi G, et al. Evaluation of the oropharyngeal airway space in class II malocclusion treated with mandibular activator: a retrospective study. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2020;21(6):666-672.
- 24. Li C, Teixeira H, Tanna N, et al. The reliability of two-and three-dimensional cephalometric measurements: A CBCT study. Diagnostics. 2021;11(12):2292.
- 25. Mitra R, Chauhan A, Sardana S, et al. Determination of the comparative accuracy of manual, semi-digital, and fully digital cephalometric tracing methods in orthodontics. J Dent Def Sect. 2020;14(2):52-58.
- 26. Benn DK, Vig PS. Estimation of x-ray radiation related cancers in US dental offices: Is it worth the risk? Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2021;132(5):597-608.
- 27. Kapetanović A, Oosterkamp BC, Lamberts AA, et al. Orthodontic radiology: development of a clinical practice guideline. Radiol Med. 2021;126:72-82.
- 28. Yeh J-K, Chen C-H. Estimated radiation risk of cancer from dental cone-beam computed tomography imaging in orthodontics patients. BMC Oral Health. 2018;18:1-8.
- 29. Martina R, Farella M, Tagliaferri R, et al. The relationship between molar dentoalveolar and craniofacial heights. Angle Orthod. 2005;75(6):974-979.
- 30. Dikmen F, Bolat E. Comparison of The Effects of Monoblock and Twin Block Appliances in Class II Division 1 And Class II Division 2 Patients. Suleyman Demirel University Journal of Health Sciences. 2020;11(3):311-321.
- 31. Küçükönder A, Doruk C. Evaluation of the effects of monoblock and twin Force appli-ances on the dentofacial System. Int J Oral Dent Health. 2019;5:078.
- 32. Ardani IGAW, Pratiknjo IS, Djaharu’ddin I. Correlation between dentoalveolar heights and vertical skeletal patterns in class I malocclusion in ethnic Javanese. Eur J Dent. 2021;15(2):210-215.
- 33. Kucera J, Marek I, Tycova H, et al. Molar height and dentoalveolar compensation in adult subjects with skeletal open bite. Angle Orthod. 2011;81(4):564-569.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics |
| Journal Section | Original Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 30, 2024 |
| Submission Date | February 21, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | June 3, 2024 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024 |
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