Intraoral Findings, Soft Palate Dimensions, and Body Mass Index in PSG-Confirmed versus Self-Reported Bruxism: A Comparative Study

Cansu Gül Koca; Bengisu Yıldırım; Serap Keskin Tunç; İsmail Ongun; Sanaz Sadry

doi:10.7126/cumudj.2000198

TR EN

Polisomnografi ile Doğrulanmış ve Öz Bildirimli Bruksizm Hastalarında İntraoral Bulgular, Yumuşak Damak Boyutları ve Vücut Kitle İndeksi: Karşılaştırmalı Bir Çalışma

Abstract

Amaç: Polisomnografi (PSG) ile doğrulanmış ve özbildirimli bruksizm hastaları arasında intraoral klinik bulgular, yumuşak damak boyutları ve vücut kitle indeksinin (VKİ) karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu retrospektif çalışmaya, 2021–2023 yılları arasında Uşak Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Ağız, Diş ve Çene Cerrahisi Anabilim Dalı'na başvuran 98 hasta (49 PSG ile doğrulanmış, 49 özbildirimli) dahil edilmiştir. İntraoral bulgular (diş aşınması, linea alba, dilde diş izi, masseter ağrısı, TME ağrısı), sefalometrik radyografilerde yumuşak damak boyutları ve VKİ kaydedilmiştir. Gruplar Student t testi, Mann–Whitney U testi, Pearson ki-kare testi ve Spearman korelasyon analizi ile karşılaştırılmış, p<0,05 istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edilmiştir. Bulgular: Linea alba (%75,5'e karşı %42,9; p=0,001), dilde diş izi (%65,3'e karşı %34,7; p=0,002), TME ağrısı (%57,1'e karşı %34,7; p=0,026) ve yumuşak damak uzunluğu (39,12±1,50'ye karşı 37,42±1,84 mm; p=0,001) PSG grubunda anlamlı olarak daha yüksek bulunurken, diş aşınması özbildirimli grupta anlamlı olarak daha yüksek saptanmıştır (%57,1'e karşı %20,4; p=0,001). Masseter ağrısı ve yumuşak damak kalınlığı açısından gruplar arasında anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır. VKİ, yumuşak damak uzunluğu (r=0,391; p=0,001) ve daha güçlü şekilde yumuşak damak kalınlığı (r=0,789; p=0,001) ile pozitif korelasyon göstermiştir. Sonuçlar: PSG ile doğrulanmış ve özbildirimli bruksizm farklı intraoral ve yumuşak damak profilleriyle ilişkilidir. Bu bulgular yorumlanırken tanı yöntemleri açıkça göz önünde bulundurulmalı, yumuşak damak kalınlığı değerlendirilirken VKİ dikkate alınmalıdır.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Yok

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma, Uşak Üniversitesi Girişimsel Olmayan Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu tarafından onaylanmıştır (Karar Tarihi: 09.07.26 ve Numarası: 1342-1342-27)

Thanks

Yok

Intraoral Findings, Soft Palate Dimensions, and Body Mass Index in PSG-Confirmed versus Self-Reported Bruxism: A Comparative Study

Abstract

Objectives: To compare intraoral clinical findings, soft palate dimensions, and body mass index (BMI) between patients with polysomnography (PSG)-confirmed and self-reported bruxism. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 98 patients (49 PSG-confirmed, 49 self-reported) who presented to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Uşak University, between 2021 and 2023. Intraoral findings (tooth wear, linea alba, tongue scalloping, masseter pain, TMJ pain), soft palate dimensions on cephalometric radiographs, and BMI were recorded. Groups were compared using Student's t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, Pearson's chi-squared test, and Spearman's correlation analysis, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Linea alba (75.5% vs. 42.9%; p=0.001), tongue scalloping (65.3% vs. 34.7%; p=0.002), TMJ pain (57.1% vs. 34.7%; p=0.026), and soft palate length (39.12±1.50 vs. 37.42±1.84 mm; p=0.001) were significantly greater in the PSG-confirmed group, whereas tooth wear was significantly more prevalent in the self-reported group (57.1% vs. 20.4%; p=0.001). Masseter pain and soft palate thickness did not differ significantly between groups. BMI correlated positively with soft palate length (r=0.391; p=0.001), and more strongly, with soft palate thickness (r=0.789; p=0.001). Conclusions: PSG-confirmed and self-reported bruxism are associated with distinct intraoral and soft palate profiles. Diagnostic methods should be explicitly considered when interpreting these findings, and BMI should be accounted for when evaluating soft palate thickness

Keywords

Supporting Institution

None

Ethical Statement

This study was approved by the Non-Invasive Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Uşak University (Decision Date: 09.07.26 and No: 1342-1342-27)

Thanks

No

References

1. Verhoeff MC, Lobbezoo F, Ahlberg J, Bender S, Bracci A, Colonna A, et al. Updating the bruxism definitions: report of an international consensus meeting. J Oral Rehabil 2025;52:1335-1341.
2. Lobbezoo F, Ahlberg J, Glaros AG, Kato T, Koyano K, Lavigne GJ, et al. Bruxism defined and graded: an international consensus. J Oral Rehabil 2013;40:2-4.
3. Thomas DC, Manfredini D, Patel J, George A, Chanamolu B, Kodaganallur Pitchumani P, et al. Sleep bruxism: the past, the present, and the future—evolution of a concept. J Am Dent Assoc 2024;155:329-343.
4. Carra MC, Huynh N, Fleury B, Lavigne G. Overview on sleep bruxism for sleep medicine clinicians. Sleep Med Clin 2015;10:375-384.
5. Lavigne GJ, Khoury S, Abe S, Yamaguchi T, Raphael K. Bruxism physiology and pathology: an overview for clinicians. J Oral Rehabil 2008;35:476-494.
6. Yapıcı Yavuz G, Bayazıt Ş. Bruksizm hastalarında klinik bulgularının araştırılması. Adıyaman Üni Sağlık Bilimleri Derg 2019;5(3):1796-1806.
7. Lobbezoo F, Ahlberg J, Raphael KG, Wetselaar P, Glaros AG, Kato T, et al. International consensus on the assessment of bruxism: report of a work in progress. J Oral Rehabil 2018;45:837-844.
8. Stuginski-Barbosa J, Porporatti AL, Costa YM, Svensson P, Conti PC. Agreement of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders Criteria with polysomnography for sleep bruxism diagnosis: a preliminary study. J Prosthet Dent 2017;117:61-66.

9. Martynowicz H, Gac P, Brzecka A, Poreba R, Wojakowska A, Mazur G, et al. The relationship between sleep bruxism and obstructive sleep apnea based on polysomnographic findings. J Clin Med 2019;8:1653.
10. Jiménez-Silva A, Peña-Durán C, Tobar-Reyes J, Frugone-Zambra R. Sleep and awake bruxism in adults and its relationship with temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review from 2003 to 2014. Acta Odontol Scand 2017;75:36-58.
11. Manfredini D, Lobbezoo F. Relationship between bruxism and temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review of literature from 1998 to 2008. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2010;109:e26-e50.
12. Bronkhorst H, Kalaykova S, Huysmans MC, Loomans B, Pereira-Cenci T. Tooth wear and bruxism: a scoping review. J Dent 2024;145:104983.
13. Wetselaar P, Manfredini D, Ahlberg J, Johansson A, Aarab G, Papagianni CE, et al. Associations between tooth wear and dental sleep disorders: a narrative overview. J Oral Rehabil 2019;46:765-775.
14. Xu L, Keenan BT, Wiemken AS, Staley B, Benediktsdottir B, Juliusson S, et al. The relationship between upper airway anatomy and obesity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2025;22(11):1749-1763.
15. Aristizabal-Hoyos JA, López-Soto O, Fuentes-Barría H, Aguilera-Eguía R, Angarita-Davila L, Rojas-Gómez D. Sleep bruxism and occlusal function: a case–control study based on polysomnography in young Colombians. J Clin Med. 2025;14(19):6733.
16. Manfredini D, Ahlberg J, Aarab G, Bender S, Bracci A, Cistulli PA, et al. Standardised tool for the assessment of bruxism. J Oral Rehabil 2024;51:29-58.
17. Casett E, Réus JC, Stuginski-Barbosa J, Porporatti AL, Carra MC, Peres MA, et al. Validity of different tools to assess sleep bruxism: a meta-analysis. J Oral Rehabil 2017;44:722-734.
18. Bertazzo-Silveira E, Stuginski-Barbosa J, Porporatti AL, Dick B, Flores-Mir C, De Luca Canto G. Association between signs and symptoms of bruxism and presence of tori: a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 2017;21:2789-2799.
19. Bartolucci ML, Incerti Parenti S, Bortolotti F, Della Godenza V, Vandi S, Pizza F, et al. Sleep bruxism and orofacial pain in patients with sleep disorders: a controlled cohort study. J Clin Med 2023;12:2997.
20. Smardz J, Martynowicz H, Michalek-Zrabkowska M, Wojakowska A, Mazur G, Winocur E, et al. Sleep bruxism and occurrence of temporomandibular disorders-related pain: a polysomnographic study. Front Neurol 2019;10:168.
21. Huhtela OS, Näpänkangas R, Joensuu T, Raustia A, Kunttu K, Sipilä K. Self-reported bruxism and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in Finnish University students. J Oral Facial Pain Headache 2016;30:311-317.
22. Kapagiannidou D, Koutris M, Wetselaar P, Visscher CM, van der Zaag J, Lobbezoo F. Association between polysomnographic parameters of sleep bruxism and attrition-type tooth wear. J Oral Rehabil 2021;48:687-691.
23. Molnár V, Lakner Z, Molnár A, Tárnoki DL, Tárnoki ÁD, Kunos L, et al. The predictive role of the upper-airway adipose tissue in the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnoea. Life (Basel) 2022;12:1543.
24. Bilir H, Yılmaz B. The relationship between self-reported sleep/awake bruxism and chronotype profiles of dental students. Cumhuriyet Dent J 2022;25:48-53.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Cansu Gül Koca
0000-0002-2106-8819
Türkiye

Bengisu Yıldırım ^*
0000-0002-9208-5827
Türkiye

Serap Keskin Tunç
0000-0001-5439-6598
Türkiye

İsmail Ongun
0000-0003-1546-461X
Türkiye

Sanaz Sadry
0000-0002-2160-0908
Türkiye

Publication Date

September 30, 2026

Submission Date

July 21, 2026

Acceptance Date

September 2, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 29 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.2000198

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA53AX29YF

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Koca, C. G., Yıldırım, B., Keskin Tunç, S., Ongun, İ., & Sadry, S. (2026). Intraoral Findings, Soft Palate Dimensions, and Body Mass Index in PSG-Confirmed versus Self-Reported Bruxism: A Comparative Study. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal, 29(3), 552-560. https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.2000198

AMA

1.Koca CG, Yıldırım B, Keskin Tunç S, Ongun İ, Sadry S. Intraoral Findings, Soft Palate Dimensions, and Body Mass Index in PSG-Confirmed versus Self-Reported Bruxism: A Comparative Study. Cumhuriyet Dent J. 2026;29(3):552-560. doi:10.7126/cumudj.2000198

Chicago

Koca, Cansu Gül, Bengisu Yıldırım, Serap Keskin Tunç, İsmail Ongun, and Sanaz Sadry. 2026. “Intraoral Findings, Soft Palate Dimensions, and Body Mass Index in PSG-Confirmed versus Self-Reported Bruxism: A Comparative Study”. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 29 (3): 552-60. https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.2000198.

EndNote

Koca CG, Yıldırım B, Keskin Tunç S, Ongun İ, Sadry S (September 1, 2026) Intraoral Findings, Soft Palate Dimensions, and Body Mass Index in PSG-Confirmed versus Self-Reported Bruxism: A Comparative Study. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 29 3 552–560.

IEEE

[1]C. G. Koca, B. Yıldırım, S. Keskin Tunç, İ. Ongun, and S. Sadry, “Intraoral Findings, Soft Palate Dimensions, and Body Mass Index in PSG-Confirmed versus Self-Reported Bruxism: A Comparative Study”, Cumhuriyet Dent J, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 552–560, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.7126/cumudj.2000198.

ISNAD

Koca, Cansu Gül - Yıldırım, Bengisu - Keskin Tunç, Serap - Ongun, İsmail - Sadry, Sanaz. “Intraoral Findings, Soft Palate Dimensions, and Body Mass Index in PSG-Confirmed versus Self-Reported Bruxism: A Comparative Study”. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 29/3 (September 1, 2026): 552-560. https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.2000198.

JAMA

1.Koca CG, Yıldırım B, Keskin Tunç S, Ongun İ, Sadry S. Intraoral Findings, Soft Palate Dimensions, and Body Mass Index in PSG-Confirmed versus Self-Reported Bruxism: A Comparative Study. Cumhuriyet Dent J. 2026;29:552–560.

MLA

Koca, Cansu Gül, et al. “Intraoral Findings, Soft Palate Dimensions, and Body Mass Index in PSG-Confirmed versus Self-Reported Bruxism: A Comparative Study”. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal, vol. 29, no. 3, Sept. 2026, pp. 552-60, doi:10.7126/cumudj.2000198.

Vancouver

1.Cansu Gül Koca, Bengisu Yıldırım, Serap Keskin Tunç, İsmail Ongun, Sanaz Sadry. Intraoral Findings, Soft Palate Dimensions, and Body Mass Index in PSG-Confirmed versus Self-Reported Bruxism: A Comparative Study. Cumhuriyet Dent J. 2026 Sep. 1;29(3):552-60. doi:10.7126/cumudj.2000198