Research Article

Association Between Periodontal Bone Defects and Tonsilloliths on Cone Beam Computed Tomography Imaging: A Retrospective Study

Volume: 29 Number: 3 September 30, 2026
EN TR

Association Between Periodontal Bone Defects and Tonsilloliths on Cone Beam Computed Tomography Imaging: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Objectives: Tonsilloliths are calcified structures commonly detected incidentally on radiographic examinations and are thought to be associated with chronic inflammatory and microbial processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between tonsillolith characteristics and periodontal bone defects using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included archived panoramic radiographs and CBCT images of 621 patients. Among them, 158 patients with tonsilloliths who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Tonsillolith characteristics, including number, size, localization, and Hounsfield Unit (HU)-based calcification degree, were evaluated using CBCT images. Periodontal bone loss and accompanying oral findings, including missing teeth, restored teeth, apical periodontitis, furcation involvement, and peri-implantitis, were also assessed radiographically. Statistical analyses were performed using non-parametric tests and Spearman correlation analysis. Results: The prevalence of tonsilloliths was 25.4%. The mean age of the study population was 48.9±17.5 years, and 58.9% of the patients were male. Tonsillolith size demonstrated statistically significant positive correlations with periodontal bone loss (r=0.270, p=0.001), missing teeth (r=0.264, p=0.001), apical periodontitis (r=0.301, p<0.001), and furcation involvement (r=0.234, p=0.003). Calcification degree was also positively correlated with periodontal bone loss, restored teeth, missing teeth, apical periodontitis, and furcation involvement (p<0.05). Tonsillolith count showed a significant positive correlation only with missing teeth (p=0.009). No significant differences were observed between unilateral and bilateral tonsillolith groups regarding periodontal and dental findings (p>0.05). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this retrospective study, tonsillolith size and calcification degree were associated with several periodontal and dental pathologies, particularly periodontal bone loss, missing teeth, apical periodontitis, and furcation involvement. These findings suggest that tonsillolith characteristics may reflect chronic oral inflammatory burden and should be carefully evaluated during radiographic examination. Further prospective clinical and microbiological studies are needed to clarify the relationship between tonsilloliths and periodontal disease.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Periodontics

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

September 30, 2026

Submission Date

June 27, 2026

Acceptance Date

July 17, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 29 Number: 3

APA
Altıngöz, S. M., Coşkun, S., & Haroğlu, D. (2026). Association Between Periodontal Bone Defects and Tonsilloliths on Cone Beam Computed Tomography Imaging: A Retrospective Study. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal, 29(3), 518-525. https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1980246
AMA
1.Altıngöz SM, Coşkun S, Haroğlu D. Association Between Periodontal Bone Defects and Tonsilloliths on Cone Beam Computed Tomography Imaging: A Retrospective Study. Cumhuriyet Dent J. 2026;29(3):518-525. doi:10.7126/cumudj.1980246
Chicago
Altıngöz, Sema Merve, Sinem Coşkun, and Dilara Haroğlu. 2026. “Association Between Periodontal Bone Defects and Tonsilloliths on Cone Beam Computed Tomography Imaging: A Retrospective Study”. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 29 (3): 518-25. https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1980246.
EndNote
Altıngöz SM, Coşkun S, Haroğlu D (September 1, 2026) Association Between Periodontal Bone Defects and Tonsilloliths on Cone Beam Computed Tomography Imaging: A Retrospective Study. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 29 3 518–525.
IEEE
[1]S. M. Altıngöz, S. Coşkun, and D. Haroğlu, “Association Between Periodontal Bone Defects and Tonsilloliths on Cone Beam Computed Tomography Imaging: A Retrospective Study”, Cumhuriyet Dent J, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 518–525, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.7126/cumudj.1980246.
ISNAD
Altıngöz, Sema Merve - Coşkun, Sinem - Haroğlu, Dilara. “Association Between Periodontal Bone Defects and Tonsilloliths on Cone Beam Computed Tomography Imaging: A Retrospective Study”. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 29/3 (September 1, 2026): 518-525. https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1980246.
JAMA
1.Altıngöz SM, Coşkun S, Haroğlu D. Association Between Periodontal Bone Defects and Tonsilloliths on Cone Beam Computed Tomography Imaging: A Retrospective Study. Cumhuriyet Dent J. 2026;29:518–525.
MLA
Altıngöz, Sema Merve, et al. “Association Between Periodontal Bone Defects and Tonsilloliths on Cone Beam Computed Tomography Imaging: A Retrospective Study”. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal, vol. 29, no. 3, Sept. 2026, pp. 518-25, doi:10.7126/cumudj.1980246.
Vancouver
1.Sema Merve Altıngöz, Sinem Coşkun, Dilara Haroğlu. Association Between Periodontal Bone Defects and Tonsilloliths on Cone Beam Computed Tomography Imaging: A Retrospective Study. Cumhuriyet Dent J. 2026 Sep. 1;29(3):518-25. doi:10.7126/cumudj.1980246

Cumhuriyet Dental Journal (Cumhuriyet Dent J, CDJ) is the official publication of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry. CDJ is an international journal dedicated to the latest advancement of dentistry. The aim of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments in different areas of dentistry. First issue of the Journal of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry was published in 1998. In 2010, journal's name was changed as Cumhuriyet Dental Journal. Journal’s publication language is English.


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