Research Article

Evaluation of Age-Related Periodontal Inflammatory Burden Using PISA: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Volume: 29 Number: 3 September 30, 2026
EN TR

Evaluation of Age-Related Periodontal Inflammatory Burden Using PISA: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate age-related differences in periodontal inflammatory burden among systemically healthy patients with periodontitis using Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area (PISA) and conventional periodontal clinical parameters. Materials and Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study included 72 systemically healthy patients aged 25–64 years who were diagnosed with Stage III–IV periodontitis. Participants were categorized into three age groups: 25–44, 45–54, and 55–64 years. Plaque percentage (P%), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and number of teeth were evaluated in all participants. PISA values were calculated using routinely recorded PPD and BOP data from six sites per tooth. Intergroup comparisons were performed using Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests. Associations between variables were analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify the determinants of PISA (p<0.05). Result Statistically significant differences were found among age groups in terms of BOP%, CAL, PPD, and PISA values (p<0.05). The 45–54 age group exhibited significantly higher PPD, CAL, and PISA values than the 25–44 age group. In contrast, the 55–64 age group showed significantly lower BOP% than both younger groups and lower PISA values than the 45–54 age group. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations between PISA and P%, BOP%, PPD, and CAL (p<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age, BOP %, PPD, and number of teeth were independently and significantly associated with PISA (p<0.05), whereas CAL was not a significant predictor (p>0.05). Conclusion Periodontal inflammatory burden did not increase with age and reached its highest level in the middle-aged group. Current inflammatory status was more strongly correlated with PD and BoP than with CAL, which reflects cumulative periodontal tissue destruction. PISA appears to be a reliable and clinically relevant parameter for the quantitative assessment of periodontal inflammation.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Periodontics

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

September 30, 2026

Submission Date

June 5, 2026

Acceptance Date

August 7, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 29 Number: 3

APA
Akgül, Z., Karaduran, K., Gürler, M., & Günpınar, Ş. (2026). Evaluation of Age-Related Periodontal Inflammatory Burden Using PISA: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal, 29(3), 506-511. https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1963366
AMA
1.Akgül Z, Karaduran K, Gürler M, Günpınar Ş. Evaluation of Age-Related Periodontal Inflammatory Burden Using PISA: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. Cumhuriyet Dent J. 2026;29(3):506-511. doi:10.7126/cumudj.1963366
Chicago
Akgül, Zeynep, Kübra Karaduran, Müjgan Gürler, and Şadiye Günpınar. 2026. “Evaluation of Age-Related Periodontal Inflammatory Burden Using PISA: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study”. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 29 (3): 506-11. https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1963366.
EndNote
Akgül Z, Karaduran K, Gürler M, Günpınar Ş (September 1, 2026) Evaluation of Age-Related Periodontal Inflammatory Burden Using PISA: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 29 3 506–511.
IEEE
[1]Z. Akgül, K. Karaduran, M. Gürler, and Ş. Günpınar, “Evaluation of Age-Related Periodontal Inflammatory Burden Using PISA: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study”, Cumhuriyet Dent J, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 506–511, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.7126/cumudj.1963366.
ISNAD
Akgül, Zeynep - Karaduran, Kübra - Gürler, Müjgan - Günpınar, Şadiye. “Evaluation of Age-Related Periodontal Inflammatory Burden Using PISA: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study”. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 29/3 (September 1, 2026): 506-511. https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1963366.
JAMA
1.Akgül Z, Karaduran K, Gürler M, Günpınar Ş. Evaluation of Age-Related Periodontal Inflammatory Burden Using PISA: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. Cumhuriyet Dent J. 2026;29:506–511.
MLA
Akgül, Zeynep, et al. “Evaluation of Age-Related Periodontal Inflammatory Burden Using PISA: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study”. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal, vol. 29, no. 3, Sept. 2026, pp. 506-11, doi:10.7126/cumudj.1963366.
Vancouver
1.Zeynep Akgül, Kübra Karaduran, Müjgan Gürler, Şadiye Günpınar. Evaluation of Age-Related Periodontal Inflammatory Burden Using PISA: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study. Cumhuriyet Dent J. 2026 Sep. 1;29(3):506-11. doi:10.7126/cumudj.1963366

Cumhuriyet Dental Journal (Cumhuriyet Dent J, CDJ) is the official publication of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry. CDJ is an international journal dedicated to the latest advancement of dentistry. The aim of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments in different areas of dentistry. First issue of the Journal of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry was published in 1998. In 2010, journal's name was changed as Cumhuriyet Dental Journal. Journal’s publication language is English.


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