A Constructive Alignment-Based Evaluation of Virtual Reality Haptic Simulation and Performance-Based Assessment in Preclinical Restorative Dentistry Education

Sema Yazıcı Akbıyık; Sinem Coşkun

doi:10.7126/cumudj.1962197

TR EN

Restoratif Diş Hekimliği Preklinik Eğitiminde Sanal Gerçeklik Haptik Simülasyonunun ve Performansa Dayalı Değerlendirmenin Yapılandırmacı Uyum Temelli İncelenmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, sanal gerçeklik (SG) tabanlı haptik simülasyonun yeterlilik temelli preklinik restoratif diş hekimliği eğitimine entegrasyonunu yapılandırmacı uyum çerçevesinde değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu retrospektif gözlemsel eğitim çalışmasına, 2024–2025 akademik yılında preklinik restoratif diş hekimliği dersine kayıtlı 28 ikinci sınıf diş hekimliği öğrencisi dahil edildi. Kavite preparasyonu eğitimine SG destekli haptik simülasyon uygulamaları entegre edildi. Simülatör tarafından oluşturulan doğruluk, kavite hacmi, ilerleme hedefi, operasyon süresi ve preparasyon süresi gibi objektif performans ölçütleri; rubrik temelli pratik sınav puanları, teorik sınav puanları ve yıl sonu notları ile birlikte analiz edildi. Öğrenme çıktıları ile değerlendirme yöntemleri arasındaki uyum blueprint analizi ve Bloom’un yenilenmiş taksonomisi kullanılarak değerlendirildi. İstatistiksel analizlerde Spearman korelasyon ve keşifsel ROC analizleri uygulandı. Bulgular: Blueprint analizi, hedeflenen öğrenme çıktıları, SG destekli öğrenim etkinlikleri ve değerlendirme yöntemleri arasında genel bir uyum olduğunu gösterdi. Bloom’un yenilenmiş taksonomi analizi, sınavın ağırlıklı olarak anlama ve analiz basamakları olmak üzere çoklu bilişsel alanları içerdiğini gösterdi. Yapılandırmacı uyum analizi, öğrenme çıktıları, SG destekli simülasyon etkinlikleri ve rubrik temelli değerlendirmeler arasında tutarlılık olduğunu ortaya koydu. SG simülatörü tarafından oluşturulan ölçütler ile eğitim çıktıları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki saptanmadı (p > 0.05). ROC analizi, SG doğruluk skorlarının yüksek pratik performans gösteren öğrencileri ayırt etme gücünün sınırlı olduğunu gösterdi (AUC = 0.58). Sonuçlar: SG destekli haptik simülasyon, yeterlilik temelli preklinik restoratif diş hekimliği eğitimine yapıcı uyum çerçevesinde entegre edilebilir. Simülatör ölçütleri eğitim çıktıları ile anlamlı ilişki göstermemiş olmakla birlikte, SG destekli simülasyon yapılandırılmış performans temelli değerlendirme modeli içerisinde eğitsel uygulanabilirlik göstermiştir.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

Lokman Hekim Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Etik Kurulu (Karar No: 2026/048) tarafından onaylanmış ve Helsinki Bildirgesi'ne uygun olarak yürütülmüştür.

A Constructive Alignment-Based Evaluation of Virtual Reality Haptic Simulation and Performance-Based Assessment in Preclinical Restorative Dentistry Education

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the integration of virtual reality (VR)-based haptic simulation into a competency-based preclinical restorative dentistry curriculum using a constructive alignment framework. Materials and Methods: This observational educational study included 28 second-year dental students enrolled in a preclinical restorative dentistry course during the 2024–2025 academic year. VR-supported haptic simulation activities were integrated into cavity preparation training. Simulator-generated objective metrics, including accuracy, outside volume, target progress, surgery time, and drilling time, were analyzed together with rubric-based practical scores, theoretical examination scores, and year-end grades. Blueprint analysis and Bloom’s revised taxonomy were used to evaluate alignment between learning outcomes and assessment methods. Spearman correlation and exploratory ROC analyses were performed. Results: Blueprint analysis demonstrated broad alignment between intended learning outcomes, VR-supported teaching activities, and assessment methods. Bloom’s revised taxonomy analysis showed that the examination included multiple cognitive domains, predominantly understanding and analysis. Constructive alignment analysis indicated consistency among learning outcomes, VR-supported simulation activities, and rubric-based assessments. No statistically significant correlations were observed between VR simulator-generated metrics and educational outcome measures (p > 0.05). Exploratory ROC analysis demonstrated limited discriminative ability of VR accuracy scores for identifying higher practical performers (AUC = 0.58). Conclusions: VR-supported haptic simulation can be integrated into competency-based preclinical restorative dentistry education within a constructive alignment framework. Although simulator-generated metrics were not significantly associated with educational outcomes, VR-supported simulation demonstrated educational applicability as part of a structured performance-based assessment model.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

Scientific Research Ethics Committee of Lokman Hekim University ((Decision No: 2026/048) and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Restorative Dentistry, Dentistry (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Sema Yazıcı Akbıyık ^*
0000-0002-2134-7746
Türkiye

Sinem Coşkun
0000-0003-4772-6047
Türkiye

Publication Date

September 30, 2026

Submission Date

June 2, 2026

Acceptance Date

June 25, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 29 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1962197

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA85LB29WM

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Yazıcı Akbıyık, S., & Coşkun, S. (2026). A Constructive Alignment-Based Evaluation of Virtual Reality Haptic Simulation and Performance-Based Assessment in Preclinical Restorative Dentistry Education. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal, 29(3), 497-505. https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1962197

AMA

1.Yazıcı Akbıyık S, Coşkun S. A Constructive Alignment-Based Evaluation of Virtual Reality Haptic Simulation and Performance-Based Assessment in Preclinical Restorative Dentistry Education. Cumhuriyet Dent J. 2026;29(3):497-505. doi:10.7126/cumudj.1962197

Chicago

Yazıcı Akbıyık, Sema, and Sinem Coşkun. 2026. “A Constructive Alignment-Based Evaluation of Virtual Reality Haptic Simulation and Performance-Based Assessment in Preclinical Restorative Dentistry Education”. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 29 (3): 497-505. https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1962197.

EndNote

Yazıcı Akbıyık S, Coşkun S (September 1, 2026) A Constructive Alignment-Based Evaluation of Virtual Reality Haptic Simulation and Performance-Based Assessment in Preclinical Restorative Dentistry Education. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 29 3 497–505.

IEEE

[1]S. Yazıcı Akbıyık and S. Coşkun, “A Constructive Alignment-Based Evaluation of Virtual Reality Haptic Simulation and Performance-Based Assessment in Preclinical Restorative Dentistry Education”, Cumhuriyet Dent J, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 497–505, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.7126/cumudj.1962197.

ISNAD

Yazıcı Akbıyık, Sema - Coşkun, Sinem. “A Constructive Alignment-Based Evaluation of Virtual Reality Haptic Simulation and Performance-Based Assessment in Preclinical Restorative Dentistry Education”. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 29/3 (September 1, 2026): 497-505. https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1962197.

JAMA

1.Yazıcı Akbıyık S, Coşkun S. A Constructive Alignment-Based Evaluation of Virtual Reality Haptic Simulation and Performance-Based Assessment in Preclinical Restorative Dentistry Education. Cumhuriyet Dent J. 2026;29:497–505.

MLA

Yazıcı Akbıyık, Sema, and Sinem Coşkun. “A Constructive Alignment-Based Evaluation of Virtual Reality Haptic Simulation and Performance-Based Assessment in Preclinical Restorative Dentistry Education”. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal, vol. 29, no. 3, Sept. 2026, pp. 497-05, doi:10.7126/cumudj.1962197.

Vancouver

1.Sema Yazıcı Akbıyık, Sinem Coşkun. A Constructive Alignment-Based Evaluation of Virtual Reality Haptic Simulation and Performance-Based Assessment in Preclinical Restorative Dentistry Education. Cumhuriyet Dent J. 2026 Sep. 1;29(3):497-505. doi:10.7126/cumudj.1962197