Effects of Polishing Systems on Thermocycled and Coffee-Immersed Composite Resins

Sultan Gizem Ülkü; Nimet Ünlü

doi:10.7126/cumudj.1861030

TR EN

Kompozit rezinlerin yüzey özelliklerine yaşlanmanın etkisi: uzun vadeli klinik dayanıklılık için parlatma sistemlerinin karşılaştırmalı değerlendirmesi

Abstract

Amaçlar: Yaşlanma, pürüzlülük, renk stabilitesi ve mikro sertlik gibi kompozit rezin özelliklerini değiştirirken, cilalama sistemleri klinik performansı ve uzun ömürlülüğü belirler. Bu çalışma, dört farklı cilalama sistemiyle cilalanmış beş kompozit rezin üzerinde yaşlanmanın yüzey özelliklerine etkilerini değerlendirdi. Materyal ve Metot: Yüzey pürüzlülüğü, renk ve mikro sertlik farklı aşamalarda (kontrol, cilalama sonrası ve yaşlanma sonrası) değerlendirildi. Yüzey topografisi, yaşlanmadan önce (kontrol) ve sonra Atomik Kuvvet Mikroskobu (AFM) ve Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM) ile analiz edildi. Numuneler termal döngüye (5-55°C arasında 10.000 döngü) ve kahve çözeltisine daldırmaya tabi tutuldu. Sonuçlar: Yaşlanma, tüm gruplarda pürüzlülüğü ve renk değişimini önemli ölçüde artırırken mikro sertliği azalttı. OneGloss en yüksek pürüzlülük değerlerini üretirken, çok aşamalı cilalama sistemleri (Zenit Flex, Clearfil TwistDia, Nova Twist) üstün yüzey kalitesi sağladı. Clearfil Majesty ES-2, bileşimi nedeniyle sürekli olarak daha yüksek pürüzlülük gösterdi. Yaşlanma sonrasında, özellikle Filtek Ultimate Universal'da klinik olarak kabul edilemez renk değişimleri meydana geldi. Zenit Flex, Palfique Estelite Paste ve Filtek Ultimate Universal'da mikro sertliği iyileştirirken, Clearfil TwistDia, Clearfil Majesty ES-2'de pürüzlülüğü azalttı. Sonuç: Yaşlanma, kompozit rezinlerin tüm yüzey özelliklerini olumsuz etkiledi. Çok adımlı parlatma sistemleri, tek adımlı sistemlere kıyasla daha iyi klinik performans gösterdi. Optimal uzun vadeli klinik sonuçlar elde etmek için parlatma sistemlerinin seçimi, belirli kompozit rezin tipine göre yapılmalıdır.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Selçuk Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri (BAP) Koordinatörlüğü

Project Number

2021/17

Ethical Statement

Çalışma protokolü, Selçuk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Girişimsel Olmayan Klinik Araştırma Değerlendirme Komisyonu tarafından incelenmiş ve onaylanmıştır (Toplantı No: 2021/17; Toplantı Tarihi: 30 Nisan 2021).

Thanks

Bu çalışma Selçuk Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri (BAP) Koordinasyon Birimi tarafından desteklenmiştir.

Effects of Polishing Systems on Thermocycled and Coffee-Immersed Composite Resins

Abstract

Objectives: Aging alters composite resin properties such as roughness, color stability, and microhardness, while polishing systems determine clinical performance and longevity. This study evaluated the effects of aging on surface properties of five composite resins polished with four different polishing systems. Materials and Methods: Surface roughness, color, and microhardness were assessed at different stages (control, after polishing, and after aging). Surface topography was analyzed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) before (control) and after aging. The samples were subjected to thermal cycling (10,000 cycles between 5-55°C) and immersion in coffee solution. Results: Aging significantly increased roughness and color change while reducing microhardness across all groups. OneGloss produced the highest roughness values, whereas multi-step polishing systems (Zenit Flex, Clearfil TwistDia, Nova Twist) achieved superior surface quality. Clearfil Majesty ES-2 consistently showed higher roughness due to its composition. Clinically unacceptable color shifts occurred after aging, particularly in Filtek Ultimate Universal. Zenit Flex improved microhardness in Palfique Estelite Paste and Filtek Ultimate Universal, while Clearfil TwistDia reduced roughness in Clearfil Majesty ES-2. Conclusions: Aging negatively affected all surface properties of composite resins. Multi-step polishing systems demonstrated better clinical performance compared to single-step systems. The selection of polishing systems should be based on the specific composite resin type to achieve optimal long-term clinical outcomes.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Scientific Research Projects (BAP) Coordinatorship, Selçuk University

Project Number

2021/17

Ethical Statement

The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Non-Interventional Clinical Research Evaluation Commission of Selçuk University Faculty of Dentistry (Meeting No: 2021/17; Meeting Date: 30 April 2021)

Thanks

This study was supported by the Scientific Research Projects (BAP) Coordination Unit of Selçuk University.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Restorative Dentistry

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Sultan Gizem Ülkü ^*
0000-0002-3699-0662
Türkiye

Nimet Ünlü
0000-0002-6546-6368
Türkiye

Publication Date

September 30, 2026

Submission Date

January 11, 2026

Acceptance Date

July 22, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 29 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1861030

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA67WB32YU

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Ülkü, S. G., & Ünlü, N. (2026). Effects of Polishing Systems on Thermocycled and Coffee-Immersed Composite Resins. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal, 29(3), 419-432. https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1861030

AMA

1.Ülkü SG, Ünlü N. Effects of Polishing Systems on Thermocycled and Coffee-Immersed Composite Resins. Cumhuriyet Dent J. 2026;29(3):419-432. doi:10.7126/cumudj.1861030

Chicago

Ülkü, Sultan Gizem, and Nimet Ünlü. 2026. “Effects of Polishing Systems on Thermocycled and Coffee-Immersed Composite Resins”. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 29 (3): 419-32. https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1861030.

EndNote

Ülkü SG, Ünlü N (September 1, 2026) Effects of Polishing Systems on Thermocycled and Coffee-Immersed Composite Resins. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 29 3 419–432.

IEEE

[1]S. G. Ülkü and N. Ünlü, “Effects of Polishing Systems on Thermocycled and Coffee-Immersed Composite Resins”, Cumhuriyet Dent J, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 419–432, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.7126/cumudj.1861030.

ISNAD

Ülkü, Sultan Gizem - Ünlü, Nimet. “Effects of Polishing Systems on Thermocycled and Coffee-Immersed Composite Resins”. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 29/3 (September 1, 2026): 419-432. https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1861030.

JAMA

1.Ülkü SG, Ünlü N. Effects of Polishing Systems on Thermocycled and Coffee-Immersed Composite Resins. Cumhuriyet Dent J. 2026;29:419–432.

MLA

Ülkü, Sultan Gizem, and Nimet Ünlü. “Effects of Polishing Systems on Thermocycled and Coffee-Immersed Composite Resins”. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal, vol. 29, no. 3, Sept. 2026, pp. 419-32, doi:10.7126/cumudj.1861030.

Vancouver

1.Sultan Gizem Ülkü, Nimet Ünlü. Effects of Polishing Systems on Thermocycled and Coffee-Immersed Composite Resins. Cumhuriyet Dent J. 2026 Sep. 1;29(3):419-32. doi:10.7126/cumudj.1861030