Research Article

Effect of Different Pediatric Iron Supplements on Color Changes in Pediatric Zirconia Crowns: An In Vitro Study

Volume: 29 Number: 3 September 30, 2026
EN TR

Effect of Different Pediatric Iron Supplements on Color Changes in Pediatric Zirconia Crowns: An In Vitro Study

Abstract

Objectives This in vitro study evaluated color changes in prefabricated zirconia crowns after repeated exposure to commonly prescribed pediatric iron supplements with different chemical formulations. Materials and Methods Thirty prefabricated zirconia crowns were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 10) according to the iron formulation: ferric polymaltose, ferrous sulfate, and microencapsulated iron. To standardize iron exposure, the volume of each supplement was adjusted to deliver an equivalent dose of 40 mg elemental iron per application. Specimens were immersed daily for 2 minutes in undiluted iron solutions for 28 days using an immersion cycling protocol simulating routine pediatric syrup intake. Color measurements were performed at baseline, day 7, and day 28 using a digital spectrophotometer based on the CIE L*a*b* color system. Color differences (ΔE*) and lightness changes (ΔL*) were calculated. Data were analyzed using non-parametric statistical tests (α = 0.05). Results All iron formulations induced perceptible and clinically unacceptable color changes over time. At day 28, a statistically significant intergroup difference in ΔE* values were observed (p = 0.013). Crowns exposed to ferric polymaltose exhibited significantly lower color change values compared with those exposed to ferrous sulfate and microencapsulated iron. No significant intergroup differences were detected for ΔL*. Conclusion Repeated exposure to pediatric iron supplements resulted in measurable discoloration of prefabricated zirconia crowns in this in vitro model. The extent of staining differed according to iron formulation, with ferric polymaltose showing a lower staining tendency than the other supplements tested. Given the experimental design, these findings should be interpreted cautiously, and further clinical or in vivo studies are needed to clarify the esthetic implications of pediatric iron supplementation under oral conditions.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Not applicable.

Project Number

Not applicable.

Ethical Statement

Not applicable. This in vitro study did not involve human participants or animal subjects; therefore, ethical approval was not required.

Thanks

Not applicable.

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Paedodontics

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

September 30, 2026

Submission Date

January 8, 2026

Acceptance Date

June 15, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 29 Number: 3

APA
Cömert, H., & Çege, E. E. (2026). Effect of Different Pediatric Iron Supplements on Color Changes in Pediatric Zirconia Crowns: An In Vitro Study. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal, 29(3), 411-418. https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1858903
AMA
1.Cömert H, Çege EE. Effect of Different Pediatric Iron Supplements on Color Changes in Pediatric Zirconia Crowns: An In Vitro Study. Cumhuriyet Dent J. 2026;29(3):411-418. doi:10.7126/cumudj.1858903
Chicago
Cömert, Hamide, and Ecem Elif Çege. 2026. “Effect of Different Pediatric Iron Supplements on Color Changes in Pediatric Zirconia Crowns: An In Vitro Study”. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 29 (3): 411-18. https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1858903.
EndNote
Cömert H, Çege EE (September 1, 2026) Effect of Different Pediatric Iron Supplements on Color Changes in Pediatric Zirconia Crowns: An In Vitro Study. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 29 3 411–418.
IEEE
[1]H. Cömert and E. E. Çege, “Effect of Different Pediatric Iron Supplements on Color Changes in Pediatric Zirconia Crowns: An In Vitro Study”, Cumhuriyet Dent J, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 411–418, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.7126/cumudj.1858903.
ISNAD
Cömert, Hamide - Çege, Ecem Elif. “Effect of Different Pediatric Iron Supplements on Color Changes in Pediatric Zirconia Crowns: An In Vitro Study”. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 29/3 (September 1, 2026): 411-418. https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1858903.
JAMA
1.Cömert H, Çege EE. Effect of Different Pediatric Iron Supplements on Color Changes in Pediatric Zirconia Crowns: An In Vitro Study. Cumhuriyet Dent J. 2026;29:411–418.
MLA
Cömert, Hamide, and Ecem Elif Çege. “Effect of Different Pediatric Iron Supplements on Color Changes in Pediatric Zirconia Crowns: An In Vitro Study”. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal, vol. 29, no. 3, Sept. 2026, pp. 411-8, doi:10.7126/cumudj.1858903.
Vancouver
1.Hamide Cömert, Ecem Elif Çege. Effect of Different Pediatric Iron Supplements on Color Changes in Pediatric Zirconia Crowns: An In Vitro Study. Cumhuriyet Dent J. 2026 Sep. 1;29(3):411-8. doi:10.7126/cumudj.1858903

Cumhuriyet Dental Journal (Cumhuriyet Dent J, CDJ) is the official publication of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry. CDJ is an international journal dedicated to the latest advancement of dentistry. The aim of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments in different areas of dentistry. First issue of the Journal of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry was published in 1998. In 2010, journal's name was changed as Cumhuriyet Dental Journal. Journal’s publication language is English.


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