Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the wettability, surface and molecular characterization of three different restorative materials (Mineral Trioxide Aggregate [MTA], glass ionomer cement [GIC] and alkasite [AL]) added with fucoidan.
Materials and Methods
Nine experimental groups were established by incorporating 0%, 2.5%, and 5% fucoidan by weight into the powder phase of MTA, AL, and GIC, followed by mixing according to manufacturers’ instructions. Cylindrical samples (3 mm diameter × 2 mm height ) were molded and stored at 37°C under 100% humidity. Contact Angle Analysis, SEM/EDS, and FTIR spectroscopy evaluations were performed. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests (p < 0.05) were applied for statistical analysis.
Results
Fucoidan incorporation induced material-specific changes in wettability, chemical composition, and surface morphology. While contact angle values increased in MTA and AL, GIC showed improved wettability at 2.5%. FT-IR analysis confirmed chemical interactions, especially through glycosidic and sulfate bands. SEM-EDS revealed disrupted or reorganized microstructures and altered elemental distributions, including increased fluorine and silicate presence.
Conclusions
Fucoidan addition improved wettability without compromising the matrix, supporting its potential for advanced restorative materials.
Keywords
Ethical Statement
This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors; therefore, ethical approval was not required.
Supporting Institution
NA
Thanks
NA
References
- 1. Estrela C, Cintra LTA, Duarte MAH, Rossi-Fedele G, Gavini G, Sousa-Neto MD. Mechanism of action of bioactive endodontic materials. Braz Dent J 2023;34:1-11.
- 2. Li H, Guo Z, Li C, Ma X, Wang Y, Zhou X, et al. Materials for retrograde filling in root canal therapy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2021;10:CD005517.
- 3. Jayawardena TU, Nagahawatta DP, Fernando IPS, Kim YT, Kim JS, Kim WS, et al. A review on fucoidan structure, extraction techniques, and its role as an immunomodulatory agent. Mar Drugs 2022;20:755.
- 4. Yao Y, Yim EK. Fucoidan for cardiovascular application and the factors mediating its activities. Carbohydr Polym 2021;270:118347.
- 5. Huerta MÁ, Tejada MÁ, Nieto FR. Fucoidan as a promising drug for pain treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis. Mar Drugs 2024;22:290.
- 6. Nakashima H, Yoshıda O, Tochıkura TS, Yoshıda T, Mımura T, Kıdo Y, et al. Sulfation of polysaccharides generates potent and selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus infection and replication in vitro. Jpn J Cancer Res 1987; 78:1164-1168.
- 7. Fitton JH, Stringer DN, Park AY, Karpiniec SS. Therapies from fucoidan: New developments. Mar Drugs 2019;17:571.
- 8. Singer L, Fouda A, Bourauel C. Biomimetic approaches and materials in restorative and regenerative dentistry. BMC Oral Health 2023;23:105.
- 9. Jin M, Shi J, Zhu W, Yao H, Wang DA. Polysaccharide-based biomaterials in tissue engineering: a review. Tissue Eng Part B: Reviews 2021;27:604-626.
- 10. Xie Y, Wang Z, Liu L, Fan C, Wang J, Yang J, et al. Fucoidan-hybrid hydroxyapatite nanoparticles promote the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells under inflammatory condition. Int J Biol Macromol 2024;270:132416.
- 11. Kim M, Hayashi M, Yu B, Lee TK, Kim RH, Jo DW. Effects of fucoidan powder combined with mineral trioxide aggregate as a direct pulp-capping material. Polymers 2022;14:2315.
- 12. Shekhar S, Suprabha BS, Shenoy R, Natarajan S, Rao A. Comparative evaluation of surface roughness and wettability of an alkasite with nano bulk-fill and nanofilled resin composite restorative materials: in vitro: study. Contemp Clin Dent 2022;13:337-343.
- 13. Yuan Y, Macquarrie D. Microwave assisted extraction of sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from Ascophyllum nodosum and its antioxidant activity. Carbohydr Poly 2015;129:101-107.
- 14. Huang CY, Kuo CH, Chen PW. Compressional-puffing pretreatment enhances neuroprotective effects of fucoidans from the brown seaweed Sargassum hemiphyllum on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. Molecules 2017;23:78.
- 15. Fernando IP, Sanjeewa KK, Samarakoon KW, Lee WW, Kim HS, Kim EA, et al. FTIR characterization and antioxidant activity of water soluble crude polysaccharides of Sri Lankan marine algae. Algae 2017;32:75-86.
- 16. Liyanage NM, Lee HG, Nagahawatta DP, Jayawardhana HHACK, Song KM, Choi YS, et al. Fucoidan from Sargassum autumnale inhibits potential inflammatory responses via NF-κB and MAPK pathway suppression in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Mar Drugs 2023;21:374.
- 17. Tran VHN, Perna V, Mikkelsen MD, Nguyen TT, Trang VTD, Baum A, et al. A new FTIR assay for quantitative measurement of endo-fucoidanase activity. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022;158:110035.
- 18. Li R, Zhou QL, Chen ST, Tai MR, Cai HY, Ding R, et al. Chemical characterization and immunomodulatory activity of fucoidan from Sargassum hemiphyllum. Mar Drugs 2022;21:18.
- 19. Ghilotti J, Fernández I, Sanz JL, Melo M, Llena C. Remineralization potential of three restorative glass ionomer cements: an in vitro study. J Clin Med 2023;12:2434.
- 20. Kwok DY, Neumann AW. Contact angle measurement and contact angle interpretation. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 1999;81:167-249.
- 21. Yulianto H, Rinastiti M. Contact angle measurement of dental restorative materials by drop profile image analysis. J Teknosains 2014;3:112-119.
- 22. Çıtak A, Yarbaş T. Using contact angle measurement technique for determination of the surface free energy of B-SBA-15-x materials. Int J Adhes Adhes 2022;112:103024.
- 23. Küden C. The effect of photodynamic therapy applied with different photosensitizers on dentin hardness in comparison with conventional irrigation. Cumhuriyet Dent J 2022;25:26-31.
- 24. Venkatesan J, Bhatnagar I, Kim SK. Chitosan-alginate biocomposite containing fucoidan for bone tissue engineering. Mar Drugs 2014;12:300-316.
- 25. Park SJ, Lee KW, Lim DS, Lee S. The sulfated polysaccharide fucoidan stimulates osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2012;21:2204-2211.
- 26. Devi GVY, Nagendra AH, Shenoy PS, Chatterjee K, Venkatesan J. Fucoidan-incorporated composite scaffold stimulates osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells for bone tissue engineering. Mar Drugs 2022;20:589.
- 27. Verisqa F, Triaminingsih S, Corputty J. Composition of chitosan-hydroxyapatite-collagen composite scaffold evaluation after simulated body fluid immersion as reconstruction material. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series. IOP Publishing 2017:012035.
Abstract
Amaç:
Bu çalışmanın amacı, fukoidan eklenmiş üç farklı restoratif materyalin (Mineral Trioksit Agregat [MTA], cam iyonomer siman [CİS] ve alkasit [AL]) ıslanabilirlik, yüzey özellikleri ve moleküler karakterizasyonunu değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem:
MTA, AL ve GIC’in toz fazına ağırlıkça %0, %2.5 ve %5 oranlarında fukoidan ilavesiyle dokuz deney grubu oluşturulmuştur. Karışımlar üretici talimatlarına göre hazırlanmış, silindirik örnekler (3 mm çap × 2 mm yükseklik) kalıplanarak 37°C’de ve %100 nem koşullarında bekletilmiştir. Temas Açısı Analizi, SEM/EDS ve FTIR spektroskopi değerlendirmeleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. İstatistiksel analizde tek yönlü ANOVA ve Tukey çoklu karşılaştırma testleri uygulanmıştır (p < 0.05).
Bulgular:
Fukoidan ilavesi, materyale özgü değişiklikler oluşturmuştur. MTA ve AL gruplarında temas açısı değerleri artarken, CİS grubunda %2.5 fukoidan ilavesiyle ıslanabilirlik artışı gözlenmiştir. FTIR analizleri, özellikle glikosidik ve sülfat bantları üzerinden kimyasal etkileşimlerin varlığını doğrulamıştır. SEM-EDS incelemeleri, bozulmuş veya yeniden düzenlenmiş mikroyapılar ile flor ve silikat varlığında artış dahil olmak üzere değişen elementel dağılımlar göstermiştir.
Sonuç:
Fukoidan ilavesi, matriks bütünlüğünü koruyarak ıslanabilirliği artırmış ve ileri düzey restoratif materyallerin geliştirilmesinde potansiyel bir katkı maddesi olarak değerlendirilebileceğini ortaya koymuştur.
Keywords
Ethical Statement
Bu makalede, yazarlar tarafından insan veya hayvan denekler üzerinde herhangi bir çalışma yürütülmediğinden etik onay alınması gerekli olmamıştır.
Supporting Institution
UD
Thanks
UD
References
- 1. Estrela C, Cintra LTA, Duarte MAH, Rossi-Fedele G, Gavini G, Sousa-Neto MD. Mechanism of action of bioactive endodontic materials. Braz Dent J 2023;34:1-11.
- 2. Li H, Guo Z, Li C, Ma X, Wang Y, Zhou X, et al. Materials for retrograde filling in root canal therapy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2021;10:CD005517.
- 3. Jayawardena TU, Nagahawatta DP, Fernando IPS, Kim YT, Kim JS, Kim WS, et al. A review on fucoidan structure, extraction techniques, and its role as an immunomodulatory agent. Mar Drugs 2022;20:755.
- 4. Yao Y, Yim EK. Fucoidan for cardiovascular application and the factors mediating its activities. Carbohydr Polym 2021;270:118347.
- 5. Huerta MÁ, Tejada MÁ, Nieto FR. Fucoidan as a promising drug for pain treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis. Mar Drugs 2024;22:290.
- 6. Nakashima H, Yoshıda O, Tochıkura TS, Yoshıda T, Mımura T, Kıdo Y, et al. Sulfation of polysaccharides generates potent and selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus infection and replication in vitro. Jpn J Cancer Res 1987; 78:1164-1168.
- 7. Fitton JH, Stringer DN, Park AY, Karpiniec SS. Therapies from fucoidan: New developments. Mar Drugs 2019;17:571.
- 8. Singer L, Fouda A, Bourauel C. Biomimetic approaches and materials in restorative and regenerative dentistry. BMC Oral Health 2023;23:105.
- 9. Jin M, Shi J, Zhu W, Yao H, Wang DA. Polysaccharide-based biomaterials in tissue engineering: a review. Tissue Eng Part B: Reviews 2021;27:604-626.
- 10. Xie Y, Wang Z, Liu L, Fan C, Wang J, Yang J, et al. Fucoidan-hybrid hydroxyapatite nanoparticles promote the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells under inflammatory condition. Int J Biol Macromol 2024;270:132416.
- 11. Kim M, Hayashi M, Yu B, Lee TK, Kim RH, Jo DW. Effects of fucoidan powder combined with mineral trioxide aggregate as a direct pulp-capping material. Polymers 2022;14:2315.
- 12. Shekhar S, Suprabha BS, Shenoy R, Natarajan S, Rao A. Comparative evaluation of surface roughness and wettability of an alkasite with nano bulk-fill and nanofilled resin composite restorative materials: in vitro: study. Contemp Clin Dent 2022;13:337-343.
- 13. Yuan Y, Macquarrie D. Microwave assisted extraction of sulfated polysaccharides (fucoidan) from Ascophyllum nodosum and its antioxidant activity. Carbohydr Poly 2015;129:101-107.
- 14. Huang CY, Kuo CH, Chen PW. Compressional-puffing pretreatment enhances neuroprotective effects of fucoidans from the brown seaweed Sargassum hemiphyllum on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. Molecules 2017;23:78.
- 15. Fernando IP, Sanjeewa KK, Samarakoon KW, Lee WW, Kim HS, Kim EA, et al. FTIR characterization and antioxidant activity of water soluble crude polysaccharides of Sri Lankan marine algae. Algae 2017;32:75-86.
- 16. Liyanage NM, Lee HG, Nagahawatta DP, Jayawardhana HHACK, Song KM, Choi YS, et al. Fucoidan from Sargassum autumnale inhibits potential inflammatory responses via NF-κB and MAPK pathway suppression in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. Mar Drugs 2023;21:374.
- 17. Tran VHN, Perna V, Mikkelsen MD, Nguyen TT, Trang VTD, Baum A, et al. A new FTIR assay for quantitative measurement of endo-fucoidanase activity. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022;158:110035.
- 18. Li R, Zhou QL, Chen ST, Tai MR, Cai HY, Ding R, et al. Chemical characterization and immunomodulatory activity of fucoidan from Sargassum hemiphyllum. Mar Drugs 2022;21:18.
- 19. Ghilotti J, Fernández I, Sanz JL, Melo M, Llena C. Remineralization potential of three restorative glass ionomer cements: an in vitro study. J Clin Med 2023;12:2434.
- 20. Kwok DY, Neumann AW. Contact angle measurement and contact angle interpretation. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 1999;81:167-249.
- 21. Yulianto H, Rinastiti M. Contact angle measurement of dental restorative materials by drop profile image analysis. J Teknosains 2014;3:112-119.
- 22. Çıtak A, Yarbaş T. Using contact angle measurement technique for determination of the surface free energy of B-SBA-15-x materials. Int J Adhes Adhes 2022;112:103024.
- 23. Küden C. The effect of photodynamic therapy applied with different photosensitizers on dentin hardness in comparison with conventional irrigation. Cumhuriyet Dent J 2022;25:26-31.
- 24. Venkatesan J, Bhatnagar I, Kim SK. Chitosan-alginate biocomposite containing fucoidan for bone tissue engineering. Mar Drugs 2014;12:300-316.
- 25. Park SJ, Lee KW, Lim DS, Lee S. The sulfated polysaccharide fucoidan stimulates osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2012;21:2204-2211.
- 26. Devi GVY, Nagendra AH, Shenoy PS, Chatterjee K, Venkatesan J. Fucoidan-incorporated composite scaffold stimulates osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells for bone tissue engineering. Mar Drugs 2022;20:589.
- 27. Verisqa F, Triaminingsih S, Corputty J. Composition of chitosan-hydroxyapatite-collagen composite scaffold evaluation after simulated body fluid immersion as reconstruction material. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series. IOP Publishing 2017:012035.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Restorative Dentistry |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Submission Date | November 5, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | November 24, 2025 |
| Publication Date | December 29, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 28 Issue: 4 |
Cumhuriyet Dental Journal (Cumhuriyet Dent J, CDJ) is the official publication of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry. CDJ is an international journal dedicated to the latest advancement of dentistry. The aim of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments in different areas of dentistry. First issue of the Journal of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry was published in 1998. In 2010, journal's name was changed as Cumhuriyet Dental Journal. Journal’s publication language is English.
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