Research Article
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Assessing the Impact of Immediate and Delayed Dentin Sealing on Microleakage of Ceramic Onlays: An In-Vitro Study

Year 2026, Volume: 29 Issue: 1, 81 - 90, 27.03.2026

Manar Alkhalil , Mhd Nader Saadeddin

https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1788421
https://izlik.org/JA84ZL64XN

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The pursuit of enhanced bond strength between ceramic restorations and dentin has led to the development of immediate dentin sealing (IDS) as a promising technique. However, it is crucial to assess the effect of IDS on microleakage to ensure the long-term success and durability of these restorations. This study aimed to compare the microleakage of ceramic onlays bonded using IDS and delayed dentin sealing (DDS) protocols.
Materials and Methods: Twenty recently extracted human maxillary premolars were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 10 each) based on the dentin sealing technique employed. The first group received immediate dentin sealing (IDS), whereas the second group underwent delayed dentin sealing (DDS). Standardized cavities were prepared, and the dentin surfaces were sealed or left unsealed accordingly. Impressions were taken, and temporary restorations were fabricated. The wax patterns were milled, and the onlays were fabricated by heat-pressing technique using lithium disilicate glass-ceramic. The restorations were bonded, thermocycled, and immersed in methylene blue solution. Microleakage was evaluated by examining the degree of dye penetration using a stereomicroscope.
Results: The Mann-Whitney U test revealed no significant differences in microleakage between the two groups at the occlusal, palatal, and proximal margins.
Conclusions: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the findings suggest that the IDS technique does not significantly influence the microleakage of ceramic onlays compared to the DDS protocol.

Keywords

Immediate dentin sealing Micro-leakage Ceramic onlay

References

  • 1. Malament KA, Margvelashvili-Malament M, Natto ZS, Thompson V, Rekow D, Att W. Comparison of 16.9-year survival of pressed acid etched e.max lithium disilicate glass-ceramic complete and partial coverage restorations in posterior teeth: performance and outcomes as a function of tooth position, age, sex, and thickness of ceramic material. J Prosthet Dent 2021;126(4):533-545.
  • 2. Inokoshi S. Temporary sealing-pulp and dentin protection using low viscosity composite. Adhes Dent 1992;10(2):250.
  • 3. Magne P. Immediate dentin sealing: a fundamental procedure for indirect bonded restorations. J Esthet Restor Dent 2005;17(3):144-154.
  • 4. Magne P, Kim TH, Cascione D, Donovan TE. Immediate dentin sealing improves bond strength of indirect restorations. J Prosthet Dent 2005;94(6):511-519.
  • 5. Magne P. IDS: Immediate Dentin Sealing (IDS) for tooth preparations. J Adhes Dent 2014;16(6):594.
  • 6. Saadeddin N, Al-Khalil MA, Al-Adel O. Effect of immediate dentin sealing on the fracture strength of lithium disilicate ceramic onlays. Swiss Dent J 2022;132(7-8):482-489.
  • 7. Arroba JA, Tapi ML, Paredes EF. Effectiveness of immediate dentin sealing to reduce postoperative sensitivity in dental inlays. HIV Nursing 2023;23(3):1771-1777.
  • 8. Ozer F, Batu Eken Z, Hao J, Tuloglu N, Blatz MB. Effect of immediate dentin sealing on the bonding performance of indirect restorations: a systematic review. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024;9(3):182.
  • 9. Rocca GT, Gregor L, Sandoval MJ, Krejci I, Dietschi D. In vitro evaluation of marginal and internal adaptation after occlusal stressing of indirect class II composite restorations with different resinous bases and interface treatments. "Post-fatigue adaptation of indirect composite restorations". Clin Oral Investig 2012;16(5):1385-1393.
  • 10. AlHabdan AA. Review of microleakage evaluation tools. J Int Oral Health 2017;9(4):141-145.
  • 11. Reboul T, Thaï HH, Cetik S, Atash R. Comparison between shear forces applied on the overlay-dental tissue interface using different bonding techniques: an: in vitro study. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2018;18(3):212-218.
  • 12. Abdulsattar YH, Kadhim AJ. Effect of immediate dentin sealing on the fracture strength of indirect overlay restorations using different types of luting agents (A comparative in vitro study). J Conserv Dent Endod 2023;26(4):434-440.
  • 13. Alvarado MSU, García DME, Guillén ADJP, Arriaga JCF, Ramírez GFR, Magdaleno MO. Evaluation of the bond strength and marginal seal of indirect restorations of composites bonded with preheating resin. Eur J Dent 2020;14(04):644-650.
  • 14. André M, Kou W, Sjögren G, Sundh A. Effects of pretreatments and hydrothermal aging on biaxial flexural strength of lithium di-silicate and Mg-PSZ ceramics. J Dent 2016;55:25-32.
  • 15. de Andrade OS, de Goes MF, Montes MA. Marginal adaptation and microtensile bond strength of composite indirect restorations bonded to dentin treated with adhesive and low-viscosity composite. Dent Mater 2007;23(3):279-287.
  • 16. Sahin C, Cehreli ZC, Yenigul M, Dayangac B. In vitro permeability of etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives used for immediate dentin sealing. Dent Mater J 2012;31(3):401-408.
  • 17. Duarte S Jr, de Freitas CR, Saad JR, Sadan A. The effect of immediate dentin sealing on the marginal adaptation and bond strengths of total-etch and self-etch adhesives. J Prosthet Dent 2009;102(1):1-9.
  • 18. Abo-Alazm EA, Safy RK. Impact of immediate dentin sealing using universal adhesive under simulated pulp pressure on microtensile bond strength of indirect resin composite restorations and dentin permeability. Eur J Dent 2022;16(03):536-542.
  • 19. Ashy LM, Marghalani H, Silikas N. In vitro evaluation of marginal and internal adaptations of ceramic inlay restorations associated with immediate vs delayed dentin sealing techniques. Int J Prosthodont 2020;33(1):48-55.
  • 20. Spohr AM, de Oliveira LG, Borges GA, Júnior LHB. The efficacy of immediate dentin sealing techniques on marginal micro leakage of composite resin inlays. BJAST 2015;9(3):222-230.
  • 21. Yousif YH, Kadhim AJ. The effect of immediate dentin sealing on the marginal adaptation of lithium disilicate overlay restorations using different types of luting agents. Braz Dent Sci 2023;26(3):e3925.
  • 22. Medina AD, de Paula AB, de Fucio SB, Puppin-Rontani RM, Correr-Sobrinho L, Sinhoreti MA. Marginal adaptation of indirect restorations using different resin coating protocols. Braz Dent J 2012;23(6):672-678.
  • 23. Medina ADC, de Paula AB, Naufel FS, Puppin-rontani RM, Correr-Sobrinho L, Sinhoreti MAC. Nanoleakage in indirect composite restorations using different combinations of resin coating technique. Appl Adhes Sci 2014;2(1):1-12.
  • 24. Krishnan A, Arun N, Fareed M, Manila N, Karobari MI. Comparison of pull-out bond strength and microleakage of lithium disilicate onlay with and without immediate dentin sealing. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2025;23:22808000251329112.
  • 25. Santana VB, de Alexandre RS, Rodrigues JA, Ely C, Reis AF. Effects of immediate dentin sealing and pulpal pressure on resin cement bond strength and nanoleakage. Oper Dent 2016;41(2):189-199.
  • 26. Erkut, S. Caglar, A. Yilmaz, B. Küçükeşmen, HC and Ozdemir, E. Microleakage of different provisionalization techniques for class I inlays. J Dent Sci 2013;8(1):1-7.
  • 27. AlGhamdi AA. Effect of dentin conditioning on bonding and sealing ability of various resin cements to a ceramic crown (Doctoral dissertation, Boston University). 2021
  • 28. Abo-ELsouood AK, Moharrum HS, Zaky AA, Hamdy O. Utilizing laser-induced fluorescence to evaluate the efficiency of carbon dioxide and diode lasers in dentin sealing after tooth preparation: an in-vitro study. J Fluoresc 2025;35(6):4301-4311.
  • 29. Kitayama S, Nasser NA, Pilecki P, Wilson RF, Nikaido T, Tagami J, et al. Effect of resin coating and occlusal loading on microleakage of Class II computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing fabricated ceramic restorations: a confocal microscopic study. Acta Odontol Scand 2011;69(3):182-192.
  • 30. Kitayama S, Pilecki P, Nasser NA, Bravis T, Wilson RF, Nikaido T, et al. Effect of resin coating on adhesion and microleakage of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing fabricated all-ceramic crowns after occlusal loading: a laboratory study. Eur J Oral Sci 2009;117(4):454-462.
  • 31. Malacarne J, Carvalho RM, de Goes MF, Svizero N, Pashley DH, Tay FR, et al. Water sorption/solubility of dental adhesive resins. Dent Mater 2006;22(10):973-980.
  • 32. Stavridakis MM, Krejci IK, Magne P. Immediate dentin sealing of onlay preparations: thickness of pre-cured dentin bonding agent and effect of surface cleaning. Oper Dent 2005;30(6):747-757.
  • 33. Peixoto RT, Poletto LT, Lanza MD, Buono VT. The influence of occlusal finish line configuration on microleakage of indirect composite inlays. J Adhes Dent 2002;4(2):145-150.
  • 34. Krifka S, Stangl M, Wiesbauer S, Hiller KA, Schmalz G, Federlin M. Influence of different cusp coverage methods for the extension of ceramic inlays on marginal integrity and enamel crack formation in vitro. Clin Oral Investig 2009;13(3):333-341.
  • 35. Thainimit I, Totiam P, Wayakanon K. The effect of preparation designs and location of margins on the marginal gap of CAD/CAM ceramic onlays. Songklanakarin Dent J 2019;7(1):70-78.
  • 36. Surmelioglu D, Karaarslan EŞ, Erbil E, Demir O. Effect of Ozone Pretreatment on the Microleakage of Class V Cavities Following Office Bleaching with Diode Laser. Cumhuriyet Dent J 2018;21(3):230-238.

Year 2026, Volume: 29 Issue: 1, 81 - 90, 27.03.2026

Manar Alkhalil , Mhd Nader Saadeddin

https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1788421
https://izlik.org/JA84ZL64XN

Abstract

References

  • 1. Malament KA, Margvelashvili-Malament M, Natto ZS, Thompson V, Rekow D, Att W. Comparison of 16.9-year survival of pressed acid etched e.max lithium disilicate glass-ceramic complete and partial coverage restorations in posterior teeth: performance and outcomes as a function of tooth position, age, sex, and thickness of ceramic material. J Prosthet Dent 2021;126(4):533-545.
  • 2. Inokoshi S. Temporary sealing-pulp and dentin protection using low viscosity composite. Adhes Dent 1992;10(2):250.
  • 3. Magne P. Immediate dentin sealing: a fundamental procedure for indirect bonded restorations. J Esthet Restor Dent 2005;17(3):144-154.
  • 4. Magne P, Kim TH, Cascione D, Donovan TE. Immediate dentin sealing improves bond strength of indirect restorations. J Prosthet Dent 2005;94(6):511-519.
  • 5. Magne P. IDS: Immediate Dentin Sealing (IDS) for tooth preparations. J Adhes Dent 2014;16(6):594.
  • 6. Saadeddin N, Al-Khalil MA, Al-Adel O. Effect of immediate dentin sealing on the fracture strength of lithium disilicate ceramic onlays. Swiss Dent J 2022;132(7-8):482-489.
  • 7. Arroba JA, Tapi ML, Paredes EF. Effectiveness of immediate dentin sealing to reduce postoperative sensitivity in dental inlays. HIV Nursing 2023;23(3):1771-1777.
  • 8. Ozer F, Batu Eken Z, Hao J, Tuloglu N, Blatz MB. Effect of immediate dentin sealing on the bonding performance of indirect restorations: a systematic review. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024;9(3):182.
  • 9. Rocca GT, Gregor L, Sandoval MJ, Krejci I, Dietschi D. In vitro evaluation of marginal and internal adaptation after occlusal stressing of indirect class II composite restorations with different resinous bases and interface treatments. "Post-fatigue adaptation of indirect composite restorations". Clin Oral Investig 2012;16(5):1385-1393.
  • 10. AlHabdan AA. Review of microleakage evaluation tools. J Int Oral Health 2017;9(4):141-145.
  • 11. Reboul T, Thaï HH, Cetik S, Atash R. Comparison between shear forces applied on the overlay-dental tissue interface using different bonding techniques: an: in vitro study. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2018;18(3):212-218.
  • 12. Abdulsattar YH, Kadhim AJ. Effect of immediate dentin sealing on the fracture strength of indirect overlay restorations using different types of luting agents (A comparative in vitro study). J Conserv Dent Endod 2023;26(4):434-440.
  • 13. Alvarado MSU, García DME, Guillén ADJP, Arriaga JCF, Ramírez GFR, Magdaleno MO. Evaluation of the bond strength and marginal seal of indirect restorations of composites bonded with preheating resin. Eur J Dent 2020;14(04):644-650.
  • 14. André M, Kou W, Sjögren G, Sundh A. Effects of pretreatments and hydrothermal aging on biaxial flexural strength of lithium di-silicate and Mg-PSZ ceramics. J Dent 2016;55:25-32.
  • 15. de Andrade OS, de Goes MF, Montes MA. Marginal adaptation and microtensile bond strength of composite indirect restorations bonded to dentin treated with adhesive and low-viscosity composite. Dent Mater 2007;23(3):279-287.
  • 16. Sahin C, Cehreli ZC, Yenigul M, Dayangac B. In vitro permeability of etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives used for immediate dentin sealing. Dent Mater J 2012;31(3):401-408.
  • 17. Duarte S Jr, de Freitas CR, Saad JR, Sadan A. The effect of immediate dentin sealing on the marginal adaptation and bond strengths of total-etch and self-etch adhesives. J Prosthet Dent 2009;102(1):1-9.
  • 18. Abo-Alazm EA, Safy RK. Impact of immediate dentin sealing using universal adhesive under simulated pulp pressure on microtensile bond strength of indirect resin composite restorations and dentin permeability. Eur J Dent 2022;16(03):536-542.
  • 19. Ashy LM, Marghalani H, Silikas N. In vitro evaluation of marginal and internal adaptations of ceramic inlay restorations associated with immediate vs delayed dentin sealing techniques. Int J Prosthodont 2020;33(1):48-55.
  • 20. Spohr AM, de Oliveira LG, Borges GA, Júnior LHB. The efficacy of immediate dentin sealing techniques on marginal micro leakage of composite resin inlays. BJAST 2015;9(3):222-230.
  • 21. Yousif YH, Kadhim AJ. The effect of immediate dentin sealing on the marginal adaptation of lithium disilicate overlay restorations using different types of luting agents. Braz Dent Sci 2023;26(3):e3925.
  • 22. Medina AD, de Paula AB, de Fucio SB, Puppin-Rontani RM, Correr-Sobrinho L, Sinhoreti MA. Marginal adaptation of indirect restorations using different resin coating protocols. Braz Dent J 2012;23(6):672-678.
  • 23. Medina ADC, de Paula AB, Naufel FS, Puppin-rontani RM, Correr-Sobrinho L, Sinhoreti MAC. Nanoleakage in indirect composite restorations using different combinations of resin coating technique. Appl Adhes Sci 2014;2(1):1-12.
  • 24. Krishnan A, Arun N, Fareed M, Manila N, Karobari MI. Comparison of pull-out bond strength and microleakage of lithium disilicate onlay with and without immediate dentin sealing. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2025;23:22808000251329112.
  • 25. Santana VB, de Alexandre RS, Rodrigues JA, Ely C, Reis AF. Effects of immediate dentin sealing and pulpal pressure on resin cement bond strength and nanoleakage. Oper Dent 2016;41(2):189-199.
  • 26. Erkut, S. Caglar, A. Yilmaz, B. Küçükeşmen, HC and Ozdemir, E. Microleakage of different provisionalization techniques for class I inlays. J Dent Sci 2013;8(1):1-7.
  • 27. AlGhamdi AA. Effect of dentin conditioning on bonding and sealing ability of various resin cements to a ceramic crown (Doctoral dissertation, Boston University). 2021
  • 28. Abo-ELsouood AK, Moharrum HS, Zaky AA, Hamdy O. Utilizing laser-induced fluorescence to evaluate the efficiency of carbon dioxide and diode lasers in dentin sealing after tooth preparation: an in-vitro study. J Fluoresc 2025;35(6):4301-4311.
  • 29. Kitayama S, Nasser NA, Pilecki P, Wilson RF, Nikaido T, Tagami J, et al. Effect of resin coating and occlusal loading on microleakage of Class II computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing fabricated ceramic restorations: a confocal microscopic study. Acta Odontol Scand 2011;69(3):182-192.
  • 30. Kitayama S, Pilecki P, Nasser NA, Bravis T, Wilson RF, Nikaido T, et al. Effect of resin coating on adhesion and microleakage of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing fabricated all-ceramic crowns after occlusal loading: a laboratory study. Eur J Oral Sci 2009;117(4):454-462.
  • 31. Malacarne J, Carvalho RM, de Goes MF, Svizero N, Pashley DH, Tay FR, et al. Water sorption/solubility of dental adhesive resins. Dent Mater 2006;22(10):973-980.
  • 32. Stavridakis MM, Krejci IK, Magne P. Immediate dentin sealing of onlay preparations: thickness of pre-cured dentin bonding agent and effect of surface cleaning. Oper Dent 2005;30(6):747-757.
  • 33. Peixoto RT, Poletto LT, Lanza MD, Buono VT. The influence of occlusal finish line configuration on microleakage of indirect composite inlays. J Adhes Dent 2002;4(2):145-150.
  • 34. Krifka S, Stangl M, Wiesbauer S, Hiller KA, Schmalz G, Federlin M. Influence of different cusp coverage methods for the extension of ceramic inlays on marginal integrity and enamel crack formation in vitro. Clin Oral Investig 2009;13(3):333-341.
  • 35. Thainimit I, Totiam P, Wayakanon K. The effect of preparation designs and location of margins on the marginal gap of CAD/CAM ceramic onlays. Songklanakarin Dent J 2019;7(1):70-78.
  • 36. Surmelioglu D, Karaarslan EŞ, Erbil E, Demir O. Effect of Ozone Pretreatment on the Microleakage of Class V Cavities Following Office Bleaching with Diode Laser. Cumhuriyet Dent J 2018;21(3):230-238.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Prosthodontics
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Manar Alkhalil 0000-0001-6176-1792

Mhd Nader Saadeddin 0000-0001-6893-4406

Submission Date September 21, 2025
Acceptance Date December 2, 2025
Publication Date March 27, 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1788421
IZ https://izlik.org/JA84ZL64XN
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 29 Issue: 1

Cite

EndNote Alkhalil M, Saadeddin MN (March 1, 2026) Assessing the Impact of Immediate and Delayed Dentin Sealing on Microleakage of Ceramic Onlays: An In-Vitro Study. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 29 1 81–90.

Cumhuriyet Dental Journal (Cumhuriyet Dent J, CDJ) is the official publication of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry. CDJ is an international journal dedicated to the latest advancement of dentistry. The aim of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments in different areas of dentistry. First issue of the Journal of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry was published in 1998. In 2010, journal's name was changed as Cumhuriyet Dental Journal. Journal’s publication language is English.


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