Digital Alignment Accuracy of Zirconia Abutments on Incompletely Captured Implant Impressions: A Laboratory Study

Başak Topdağı; Fatih Oktay; Türker Akar

doi:10.7126/cumudj.1758867

EN TR

Digital Alignment Accuracy of Zirconia Abutments on Incompletely Captured Implant Impressions: A Laboratory Study

Abstract

Objectives This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of digitally aligning zirconia customized abutment library files onto incomplete abutment scan datasets. Superimposition was compared to the conventional “Close holes” reconstruction function in CAD software. Materials and Methods A dental model with a single implant was used. A zirconia customized abutment was scanned to generate a library file. Complete scans of the abutment and adjacent teeth served as the control group (C). Two experimental datasets were created by deleting marginal regions and proximal surfaces from the complete scan (NC2, NC3). The “Close holes” function in exocad software was applied to defective scans to form the reconstruction group (CH). All datasets were digitally superimposed with the zirconia abutment library file. Trueness was assessed using root mean square (RMS) error and point-based deviation analysis in Geomagic Control X. One-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests were used for statistical analysis. Results Superimposition significantly improved trueness compared to unprocessed scans. RMS values decreased from 39.11 ± 0.98 μm in the IOS group to 35.41–37.59 μm across C, NC2, NC3, and S datasets (p < .001). No significant differences were found among the superimposed groups (p > .05). The CH group showed higher deviations than all superimposition groups (p < .001). Point-based analysis confirmed lower deviations after superimposition (p < .05), except at the marginal ridge regions (p > .05). The hole-filling function did not improve trueness (p > .05). Conclusions Digital superimposition of zirconia abutment library data onto incomplete scans enhances trueness and geometric reliability. This method is superior to conventional reconstruction tools for restoring incomplete implant impressions.

Keywords

Eksik Dijital İmplant Ölçülerinde Zirkonya Abutmentlerin Kütüphane Verisi ile Dijital Eşleştirme Doğruluğu: İn Vitro Çalışma

Öz

Amaç Bu in vitro çalışmanın amacı, kenar veya proksimal bölgelerinde bilinçli olarak eksik veri bulunan taranmış zirkonya abutment modelleri üzerine, dijital olarak kütüphane dosyalarının hizalanabilirliğini ve bu yöntemin doğruluğunu değerlendirmektir. Süperimpozisyon yöntemi, CAD yazılımının geleneksel “boşluk doldurma” fonksiyonu ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler Tek implant içeren bir dental model kullanıldı. Zirkonya kişiye özel abutment, 3Shape laboratuvar tarayıcısıyla taranarak kütüphane dosyası oluşturuldu. Tam tarama verileri kontrol grubu (C) olarak referans kabul edildi. Marjinal alanların ve proksimal yüzeylerin silinmesiyle oluşturulan NC2, NC3 veri setleri, eksik taramaları simüle etti. Ayrıca, eksik alanlara “Close holes” fonksiyonu uygulanan CH grubu oluşturuldu. Tüm veriler, kütüphane abutment modeli ile dijital olarak hizalandı. Her bir veri seti, Geomagic Control X yazılımında RMS hata değerleri ve nokta bazlı sapma analizi ile değerlendirildi. İstatistiksel analizde tek yönlü ANOVA ve Tukey HSD post hoc testi kullanıldı. Bulgular Zirkonya abutment kütüphane verisinin süperimpozisyonu, işlenmemiş taramalara göre anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek doğruluk sağladı (RMS: 39.11 ± 0.98 μm → 35.41–37.59 μm; p < .001). C, NC2, NC3 ve S grupları arasında anlamlı fark gözlenmedi (p > .05). CH grubundaki sapmalar tüm süperimpozisyon gruplarından anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (p < .001). Nokta bazlı analizde, marjinal sırtlar hariç tüm bölgelerde sapmalar azaldı (p < .05). Sonuçlar Zirkonya abutment kütüphane verisinin eksik taramalara dijital olarak hizalanması, geometrik doğruluğu artırmakta ve boşluk doldurma algoritmalarına göre üstün performans göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anahtar kelimeler: Zirkonyum, Diş protezi, implant destekli, diş ölçü tekniği, Bilgisayar yardımlı tasarım, protez tasarımı.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Prosthodontics , Dental Materials

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Başak Topdağı ^*
0000-0002-4242-7681
Türkiye

Fatih Oktay
0000-0002-6484-4224
Türkiye

Türker Akar
0000-0003-2035-8686
Türkiye

Publication Date

December 29, 2025

Submission Date

August 5, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 2, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 28 Number: 4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1758867

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA96UY42ZG

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

EndNote

Topdağı B, Oktay F, Akar T (December 1, 2025) Digital Alignment Accuracy of Zirconia Abutments on Incompletely Captured Implant Impressions: A Laboratory Study. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 28 4 567–574.