Evaluation of Tweed Cephalometric Analysis Measurements in Different Malocclusion Types: A Cross-sectional Study

Celal Irgın; Taner Öztürk; Mehmet Melih Daşdelen; Gökhan Çoban

doi:10.7126/cumudj.1638294

TR EN

Farklı Maloklüzyon Tiplerinde Tweed Sefalometrik Analiz Ölçümlerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada farklı dental ve iskeletsel maloklüzyona sahip bireylerde Tweed sefalometrik analiz ölçümlerinin maloklüzyon ve cinsiyete göre ilişkisi ve farklılıklarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. İkincil amaç olarak ise Türk popülasyonu için referans değerlerin gösterilmesi açısından katkı sağlanması hedeflenmektedir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Retrospektif olarak planlanan bu çalışmaya her bir dental maloklüzyon grubunda kadın ve erkek aynı sayıda olmak üzere 50 birey toplam 200 bireye ait sefalometrik radyografiler dahil edilmiştir. Dental maloklüzyon incelemesi Angle sınıflamasına göre (sınıf I, sınıf II bölüm 1, sınıf II bölüm 2, sınıf III), iskeletsel maloklüzyon sınıflaması ise ANB açısına göre (sınıf I, sınıf II, sınıf III) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tweed tarafından önerilen sefalometrik analize ait FMA, FMIA ve IMPA açılarının ölçümleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Dental ve iskeletsel maloklüzyon ile cinsiyetlere ve bunların etkileşimine ait istatistiksel değerlendirmeler MANOVA analizi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular: FMA açısı hem dental hem de iskeletsel maloklüzyona göre farklılık göstermemektedir. FMIA açısı dental ve iskeletsel sınıf I ve II bireylerde benzer ve sınıf III bireylerden daha düşük olarak bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Dental ve iskeletsel maloklüzyonlarda IMPA açısı en düşük sınıf III bireylerde en yüksek ise sınıf II bireylerde bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Tweed sefalometrik analiz ölçümleri cinsiyetler arasında farklı değildir. Sonuç: Çalışmadan elde edilen FMA açısı ortalama değerleri Tweed tarafından önerilen ile benzer iken FMIA ve IMPA açılarının ortalama değerleri farklıdır. Dental ve iskeletsel maloklüzyona göre FMA açısı farklılık göstermez iken FMIA ve IMPA açıları farklılık göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Evaluation of Tweed Cephalometric Analysis Measurements in Different Malocclusion Types: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the relationship and differences in Tweed cephalometric analysis measurements according to malocclusion type and gender in individuals with different dental and skeletal malocclusions. A secondary aim is to contribute to the establishment of reference values for the Turkish population. Material-Methods: This retrospective study included cephalometric radiographs of 200 individuals, with an equal number of males and females in each dental malocclusion group (50 individuals per group). Dental malocclusion was classified according to Angle’s classification (Class I, Class II division 1, Class II division 2, Class III). In contrast, skeletal malocclusion was classified based on the ANB angle (Class I, Class II, Class III). The FMA, FMIA, and IMPA angles, which are part of the cephalometric analysis proposed by Tweed, were measured. Statistical analyses of dental and skeletal malocclusion, gender, and their interactions were conducted using MANOVA analysis. Results: The FMA angle did not differ significantly based on dental or skeletal malocclusion. The FMIA angle was similar in individuals with dental and skeletal Class I and Class II malocclusions but significantly lower in Class III individuals (p<0.05). The IMPA angle was lowest in Class III individuals and highest in Class II individuals for both dental and skeletal malocclusions (p<0.05). No significant differences in Tweed cephalometric analysis measurements were observed between genders. Conclusion: The mean FMA angle obtained in this study was similar to the values proposed by Tweed, whereas the mean FMIA and IMPA angles differed. While the FMA angle did not vary according to dental and skeletal malocclusion, the FMIA and IMPA angles showed significant differences.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

None.

Ethical Statement

Ethics committee approval was received for this study from the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of XXX University (Date: 31.01.2024, Number: 2024/64). The study was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and informed consent forms were obtained from all individuals at the beginning of the study.

Thanks

Support was received from the artificial intelligence-based ChatGPT (Ver. 4.0, OpenAI. (2025). ChatGPT [Large language model]. https://chatgpt.com) application in the proofreading phase of the relevant article and in creating graphics.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Celal Irgın
0000-0002-1535-3402
Türkiye

Taner Öztürk ^*
0000-0003-1670-286X
Türkiye

Mehmet Melih Daşdelen
0009-0007-6507-0906
Türkiye

Gökhan Çoban
0000-0001-6066-005X
Türkiye

Publication Date

September 30, 2025

Submission Date

February 12, 2025

Acceptance Date

August 17, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 28 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1638294

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA68FE58EY

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

EndNote

Irgın C, Öztürk T, Daşdelen MM, Çoban G (September 1, 2025) Evaluation of Tweed Cephalometric Analysis Measurements in Different Malocclusion Types: A Cross-sectional Study. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 28 3 341–348.