Review
BibTex RIS Cite

Gümüş Diamin Florür (SDF) Uygulanabilir Bir Biyolojik Tedavi Seçeneği Midir? Diğer Minimal İnvaziv Yöntemlere Karşı SDF Uygulamasının Kullanımı

Year 2025, Volume: 28 Issue: 4, 608 - 616, 29.12.2025

Vecihe İpek Yörel

https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1626945

Abstract

Diş çürüklerinin tedavi edilmemesi dünya çapında bir sorundur. Geleneksel çürük yönetimi, tüm çürük diş dokusunun kaldırılmasını ve kaybedilen diş dokusunun restore edilmesini kapsar. Minimal invaziv teknikler, geleneksel çürük yönetimine alternatif tedaviler olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır ve bunlar arasında gümüş diamin florür (SDF), atravmatik restoratif tedavi (ART), interim terapötik restorasyonlar (ITR), fissür örtücüler ve Hall kronları gibi diğer çürük önleme yöntemleri yer almaktadır. Modern çürük yönetim stratejileri, invaziv tedavilerden kaçınmayı ve biyofilm ve çürük lezyonlarının aktivitesini değiştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. SDF, kavitasyon aşamasındaki çürüklerin yönetiminde etkili bir tedavi olabilir ve özellikle okul öncesi çocuklar ve dental tedaviye sınırlı erişimi olanlar için diğer minimal invaziv yöntemlere alternatif sunabilir. Bu derleme, SDF'nin kullanımını incelemeyi, avantajlarını ve dezavantajlarını değerlendirmeyi ve diğer minimal invaziv yöntemlere alternatif veya tamamlayıcı olup olmadığını tartışmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla, konuyla ilgili MeSH terimleri (‘gümüş diamine florür’, ‘diş travmatik olmayan restoratif tedavi’, ‘topikal florürler’, ‘diş çürüğü’, ‘gümüş bileşikleri’, ‘çürük önleyici ajanlar’) kullanılarak tıbbi veritabanlarında (Medline-Pubmed, Google Scholar) bir literatür taraması yapılmıştır.

Keywords

gümüş diamin florür florürler topikal karyostatik ajanlar gümüş bileşikleri

References

  • 1. Edelstein BL. The dental caries pandemic and disparities problem. In: BMC Oral Health 2006;6(Suppl 1):S2.
  • 2. Baelum V, Van Palenstein Helderman W, Hugoson A, Yee R, Fejerskov O. A global perspective on changes in the burden of caries and periodontitis: implications for dentistry. J Oral Rehabil 2007;34(12):872-906.
  • 3. Duangthip D, Jiang M, Chu CH, Lo ECM. Non-surgical treatment of dentin caries in preschool children - systematic review. BMC Oral Health 2015;15(44).
  • 4. Schwendicke F. Contemporary concepts in carious tissue removal: a review. J Esthet Restor Dent 2017;29(6):403-408.
  • 5. Frencken JE, Peters MC, Manton DJ, Leal SC, Gordan VV, Eden E. Minimal intervention dentistry for managing dental caries - a review: report of a FDI task group. Int Dent J 2012;62(5):223-243.
  • 6. Gao SS, Zhang S, Mei ML, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Caries remineralisation and arresting effect in children by professionally applied fluoride treatment - a systematic review. BMC Oral Health 2016;16:12.
  • 7. Seifo N, Robertson M, MacLean J, Blain K, Grosse S, Milne R, et al. The use of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in dental practice. Br Dent J 2020;228(2):75-81.
  • 8. Timms L, Deery C, Stevens C, Rodd H. COVID-2019 – time to use silver diamine fluoride for caries arrest in general dental practice? Dent Update 2020;47(8):662-668.
  • 9. Burgess JO, Vaghela PM. Silver diamine fluoride: a successful anticarious solution with limits. Adv Dent Res 2018;29(1):131-134.
  • 10. Rosenblatt A, Stamford TCM, Niederman R. Silver diamine fluoride: a caries “silver-fluoride bullet”. J Dent Res 2009;88(2):116-25.
  • 11. Craig RG, McIlwain ED, Peyton FA. Bending and torsion properties of endodontic instruments. Oral Surgery, Oral Med Oral Pathol Published online 1968;25(2):239-254.
  • 12. Castillo JL, Rivera S, Aparicio T, Lazo R, Aw TC, Mancl LL, et al. The short-term effects of diammine silver fluoride on tooth sensitivity: a randomized controlled trial. J Dent Res 2011;90(2):203-208.
  • 13. Gao SS, Zhao IS, Hiraishi N, Duangthip D, Mei ML, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Clinical trials of silver diamine fluoride in arresting caries among children: a systematic review. JDR Clin Transl Res 2016;1(3):201-210.
  • 14. Fung MHT, Duangthip D, Wong MCM, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Arresting dentine caries with different concentration and periodicity of silver diamine fluoride. JDR Clin Transl Res 2016;1(2):143-152.
  • 15. Jabin Z, Vishnupriya V, Agarwal N, Nasim I, Jain M, Sharma A. Effect of 38% silver diamine fluoride on control of dental caries in primary dentition: a systematic review. J Fam Med Prim Care 2020;9(3):1302-1307.
  • 16. Seifo N, Cassie H, Radford JR, Innes NPT. Silver diamine fluoride for managing carious lesions: an umbrella review. BMC Oral Health 2019;19(1):145.
  • 17. Crystal YO, Marghalani AA, Ureles SD, Wright JT, Sulyanto R, Divaris K, et al. Use of silver diamine fluoride for dental caries management in children and adolescents, including those with special health care needs. Pediatr Dent 2017;39(5):135-145.
  • 18. Hamilton IR. Biochemical effects of fluoride on oral bacteria. J Dent Res 1990;69 Spec No:660-667; discussion 682-683.
  • 19. Yılmaz N, Ocak M, Ökte Z. Remineralization of primary molar dentine with silver diamine fluoride and sodium fluoride: an in vitro study. Cumhur Dent J 2020;23(4):340–347.
  • 20. Duangthip D, Chu CH, Lo ECM. A randomized clinical trial on arresting dentine caries in preschool children by topical fluorides - 18 month results. J Dent 2016;44:57-63.
  • 21. Chu CH, Lo ECM, Lin HC. Effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride and sodium fluoride varnish in arresting dentin caries in Chinese pre-school children. J Dent Res 2002;81(11):767-770.
  • 22. Chibinski AC, Wambier LM, Feltrin J, Loguercio AD, Wambier DS, Reis A. Silver diamine fluoride has efficacy in controlling caries progression in primary teeth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Caries Res 2017;51(5):527-541.
  • 23. Guideline on pediatric restorative dentistry. Pediatr Dent. 2009.
  • 24. Lopez N, Simpser-Rafalin S, Berthold P. Atraumatic restorative treatment for prevention and treatment of caries in an underserved community. Am J Public Health 2005; 95(8):1338–1339.
  • 25. Honkala E, Behbehani J, Ibricevic H, Kerosuo E, Al-Jame G. The atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) approach to restoring primary teeth in a standard dental clinic. Int J Paediatr Dent 2003;13(3):172-179.
  • 26. Policy on interim therapeutic restorations (ITR). Pediatr Dent 2017;39(6):57-58.
  • 27. Vollú AL, Rodrigues GF, Rougemount Teixeira RV, et al. Efficacy of 30% silver diamine fluoride compared to atraumatic restorative treatment on dentine caries arrestment in primary molars of preschool children: a 12-months parallel randomized controlled clinical trial. J Dent 2019;88:103165.
  • 28. Lo ECM, Luo Y, Fan MW, Wei SHY. Clinical investigation of two glass-ionomer restoratives used with the atraumatic restorative treatment approach in China: two-years results. Caries Res 2001;35(6):458-463.
  • 29. Ruff RR, Barry Godín TJ, Niederman R. Noninferiority of silver diamine fluoride vs sealants for reducing dental caries prevalence and incidence: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatr 2024;178(4):354-361.
  • 30. Abdellatif HM, Ali AM, Baghdady SI, ElKateb MA. Caries arrest effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride compared to alternative restorative technique: randomized clinical trial. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2021;22(4):575-585.
  • 31. Llodra JC, Rodriguez A, Ferrer B, Menardia V, Ramos T, Morato M. Efficacy of silver diamine fluoride for caries reduction in primary teeth and first permanent molars of schoolchildren: 36-month clinical trial. J Dent Res 2005;84(8):721-724.
  • 32. Monse B, Heinrich-Weltzien R, Mulder J, Holmgren C, van Palenstein Helderman WH. Caries preventive efficacy of silver diammine fluoride (SDF) and ART sealants in a school-based daily fluoride toothbrushing program in the Philippines. BMC Oral Health 2012;12:52.
  • 33. Liu BY, Lo ECM, Chu CH, Lin HC. Randomized trial on fluorides and sealants for fissure caries prevention. J Dent Res 2012;91(8):753-758
  • 34. Braga MM, Mendes FM, De Benedetto MS, Imparato JCP. Effect of silver diammine fluoride on incipient caries lesions in erupting permanent first molars: a pilot study. J Dent Child 2009;76(1):28-33.
  • 35. Innes NP, Evans DJ, Bonifacio CC, Geneser M, Hesse D, Heimer M, et al. The Hall technique 10 years on: questions and answers. Br Dent J 2017;222(6):478-483.
  • 36. Alhosaini NM, Bahgat S, Elkhadem A. Postoperative pain after treatment with Hall technique versus silver diamine fluoride in the management of carious primary molars: a randomized clinical trial. NeuroQuantology. 2023; 21(6):1677-1694.
  • 38. Mei ML, Chu CH, Lo ECM, Samaranayake LP. Fluoride and silver concentrations of silver diammine fluoride solutions for dental use. Int J Paediatr Dent 2013;23(4):279-285.
  • 39. Dos Santos VE, De Vasconcelos FMN, Ribeiro AG, Rosenblatt A. Paradigm shift in the effective treatment of caries in schoolchildren at risk. Int Dent J 2012;62(1):47-51.
  • 40. Duangthip D, Chu CH, Lo ECM. A randomized clinical trial on arresting dentine caries in preschool children by topical fluorides - 18 month results. J Dent 2016;44:57-63.
  • 41. Duangthip D, Fung MHT, Wong MCM, Chu CH, Lo ECM. Adverse Effects of Silver Diamine Fluoride Treatment among Preschool Children. J Dent Res 2018;97(4):395-401.
  • 42. Oliveira BH, Rajendra A, Veitz-Keenan A, Niederman R. The effect of silver diamine fluoride in preventing caries in the primary dentition: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Caries Res 2019;53(1):24-32.
  • 43. Richards D. The effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride in arresting caries. Evid Based Dent 2017;18(3):70.
  • 44. Gold J. Limited evidence links silver diamine fluoride and caries arrest in children. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2017;17(3):265-267.
  • 45. Greenwall-Cohen J, Greenwall L, Barry S. Silver diamine fluoride - an overview of the literature and current clinical techniques. Br Dent J. 2020; 228(11):831-838.
  • 46. Crystal YO, Janal MN, Hamilton DS, Niederman R. Parental perceptions and acceptance of silver diamine fluoride staining. J Am Dent Assoc. 2017;148(7):510-518.e4.
  • 47. Targino AG, Flores MA, dos Santos Junior VE, de Godoy Bené Bezerra F, de Luna Freire H, Galembeck A, et al. An innovative approach to treating dental decay in children. A new anti-caries agent. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2014;25(8):2041-2047.
  • 48. Miller MB, Lopez LA, Quock RL. Silver diamine fluoride, potassium iodide, and esthetic perception: an in vitro pilot study. Am J Dent 2016;29(5):248-250.
  • 49. Haiat A, Ngo HC, Samaranayake LP, Fakhruddin KS. The effect of the combined use of silver diamine fluoride and potassium iodide in disrupting the plaque biofilm microbiome and alleviating tooth discoloration: a systematic review. PLoS One 2021;16(6):e0252734.
  • 50. Espinosa-Cristobal LF, Martinez-Castanon GA, Martinez-Martinez RE, Loyola-Rodriguez JP, Patino-Marin N, Reyes-Macias JF, et al. Antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles against Streptococcus mutans. Mater Lett 2009;63(29):2603-2606.
  • 51. Ammar N, El-Tekeya MM, Essa S, Essawy MM, Talaat DM. Antibacterial effect and impact on caries activity of nanosilver fluoride and silver diamine fluoride in dentin caries of primary teeth: a randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC Oral Health 2022;22(1):657.
  • 52. Gao SS, Chen KJ, Duangthip D, Wong MCM, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Arresting early childhood caries using silver and fluoride products - a randomised trial. J Dent 2020;103:103522.
  • 53. Vasquez E, Zegarra G, Chirinos E, Castillo JL, Taves DR, Watson GE, et al. Short term serum pharmacokinetics of diammine silver fluoride after oral application. BMC Oral Health 2012;12:60.
  • 54. JUCSF protocol for caries arrest using silver diamine fluoride: rationale, indications, and consent. Br Dent J 2017;44(1):16-28.
  • 55. Sabbagh H, Othman M, Khogeer L, Al-Harbi H, Al Harthi A, Abdulgader Yaseen Abdulgader A. Parental acceptance of silver Diamine fluoride application on primary dentition: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2020;20(1):227.
  • 56. Timms L, Bux S, Maybin L, Rogers H, Horisk K, Fraser J, et al. A multi-site service evaluation of silver diamine fluoride use for children. Br Dent J. 2023;235(4):269-272.
  • 57. Altner S, Stroj D, Bekes K. Impact of silver diamine fluoride therapy on the oral health-related quality of life of preschool children with behavioral problems after three months: a pilot study. J Clin Med 2022;11(11):3071.
  • 58. Pahel BT, Rozier RG, Slade GD. Parental perceptions of children’s oral health: the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS). Health Qual Life Outcomes 2007;5:6.
  • 59. Bekes K, Omara M, Safar S, Stamm T. The German version of Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS-G): translation, reliability, and validity. Clin Oral Investig 2019;23(12):4449-4454.
  • 60. Quritum M, Abdella A, Amer H, El Tantawi M. Effect of silver diamine fluoride and nano silver fluoride on oral health-related quality of life of children with early childhood caries: a randomized clinical trial. J Dent 2024;142:104878.
  • 61. Seifo N, Cassie H, Radford JR, Innes NPT. “I guess it looks worse to me, it doesn’t look like there’s been a problem solved but obviously there is”: a qualitative exploration of children’s and their parents’ views of silver diamine fluoride for the management of carious lesions in children. BMC Oral Health 2021;21(1):367.

Is Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) a Viable Biological Treatment Option? Exploring the Application of SDF versus Other Minimally Invasive Methods

Year 2025, Volume: 28 Issue: 4, 608 - 616, 29.12.2025

Vecihe İpek Yörel

https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1626945

Abstract

Untreated dental caries is a worldwide problem. Conventional caries management encompasses removing all the carious tooth tissue and replacing the lost tooth tissue with a restoration. Minimally invasive techniques emerge as alternative treatments to conventional caries management, which include the use of silver diamine fluoride (SDF), atraumatic restorative treatment (ART), interim therapeutic restorations (ITR), fissure sealants, and Hall crowns, together with other caries prevention methods. Modern caries management strategies aim to avoid invasive treatments and attempt to alter the activity of the biofilm and the carious lesions. SDF can be an effective treatment for managing caries at the cavitation stage and may offer an alternative to other minimally invasive methods, especially in preschool children and those with limited access to dental care. This review aims to examine the use of SDF, to evaluate its advantages, disadvantages and discuss whether it can be an alternative or an adjunct to other minimally invasive methods. For this purpose, a literature scan was conducted using the MeSH terms related to the subject (‘silver diamine fluoride’, ‘dental atraumatic restorative treatment’, ‘fluorides, topical’, ‘dental caries’, ‘silver compounds’, ‘cariostatic agents’) in medical databases (Medline-Pubmed, Google Scholar).

Keywords

silver diamine fluoride fluorides topical silver compounds cariostatic agents.

Ethical Statement

The author has no conflict of interest and no financial relationships to disclose .All the procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Helsinki Declaration.

Supporting Institution

Near East University

References

  • 1. Edelstein BL. The dental caries pandemic and disparities problem. In: BMC Oral Health 2006;6(Suppl 1):S2.
  • 2. Baelum V, Van Palenstein Helderman W, Hugoson A, Yee R, Fejerskov O. A global perspective on changes in the burden of caries and periodontitis: implications for dentistry. J Oral Rehabil 2007;34(12):872-906.
  • 3. Duangthip D, Jiang M, Chu CH, Lo ECM. Non-surgical treatment of dentin caries in preschool children - systematic review. BMC Oral Health 2015;15(44).
  • 4. Schwendicke F. Contemporary concepts in carious tissue removal: a review. J Esthet Restor Dent 2017;29(6):403-408.
  • 5. Frencken JE, Peters MC, Manton DJ, Leal SC, Gordan VV, Eden E. Minimal intervention dentistry for managing dental caries - a review: report of a FDI task group. Int Dent J 2012;62(5):223-243.
  • 6. Gao SS, Zhang S, Mei ML, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Caries remineralisation and arresting effect in children by professionally applied fluoride treatment - a systematic review. BMC Oral Health 2016;16:12.
  • 7. Seifo N, Robertson M, MacLean J, Blain K, Grosse S, Milne R, et al. The use of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in dental practice. Br Dent J 2020;228(2):75-81.
  • 8. Timms L, Deery C, Stevens C, Rodd H. COVID-2019 – time to use silver diamine fluoride for caries arrest in general dental practice? Dent Update 2020;47(8):662-668.
  • 9. Burgess JO, Vaghela PM. Silver diamine fluoride: a successful anticarious solution with limits. Adv Dent Res 2018;29(1):131-134.
  • 10. Rosenblatt A, Stamford TCM, Niederman R. Silver diamine fluoride: a caries “silver-fluoride bullet”. J Dent Res 2009;88(2):116-25.
  • 11. Craig RG, McIlwain ED, Peyton FA. Bending and torsion properties of endodontic instruments. Oral Surgery, Oral Med Oral Pathol Published online 1968;25(2):239-254.
  • 12. Castillo JL, Rivera S, Aparicio T, Lazo R, Aw TC, Mancl LL, et al. The short-term effects of diammine silver fluoride on tooth sensitivity: a randomized controlled trial. J Dent Res 2011;90(2):203-208.
  • 13. Gao SS, Zhao IS, Hiraishi N, Duangthip D, Mei ML, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Clinical trials of silver diamine fluoride in arresting caries among children: a systematic review. JDR Clin Transl Res 2016;1(3):201-210.
  • 14. Fung MHT, Duangthip D, Wong MCM, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Arresting dentine caries with different concentration and periodicity of silver diamine fluoride. JDR Clin Transl Res 2016;1(2):143-152.
  • 15. Jabin Z, Vishnupriya V, Agarwal N, Nasim I, Jain M, Sharma A. Effect of 38% silver diamine fluoride on control of dental caries in primary dentition: a systematic review. J Fam Med Prim Care 2020;9(3):1302-1307.
  • 16. Seifo N, Cassie H, Radford JR, Innes NPT. Silver diamine fluoride for managing carious lesions: an umbrella review. BMC Oral Health 2019;19(1):145.
  • 17. Crystal YO, Marghalani AA, Ureles SD, Wright JT, Sulyanto R, Divaris K, et al. Use of silver diamine fluoride for dental caries management in children and adolescents, including those with special health care needs. Pediatr Dent 2017;39(5):135-145.
  • 18. Hamilton IR. Biochemical effects of fluoride on oral bacteria. J Dent Res 1990;69 Spec No:660-667; discussion 682-683.
  • 19. Yılmaz N, Ocak M, Ökte Z. Remineralization of primary molar dentine with silver diamine fluoride and sodium fluoride: an in vitro study. Cumhur Dent J 2020;23(4):340–347.
  • 20. Duangthip D, Chu CH, Lo ECM. A randomized clinical trial on arresting dentine caries in preschool children by topical fluorides - 18 month results. J Dent 2016;44:57-63.
  • 21. Chu CH, Lo ECM, Lin HC. Effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride and sodium fluoride varnish in arresting dentin caries in Chinese pre-school children. J Dent Res 2002;81(11):767-770.
  • 22. Chibinski AC, Wambier LM, Feltrin J, Loguercio AD, Wambier DS, Reis A. Silver diamine fluoride has efficacy in controlling caries progression in primary teeth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Caries Res 2017;51(5):527-541.
  • 23. Guideline on pediatric restorative dentistry. Pediatr Dent. 2009.
  • 24. Lopez N, Simpser-Rafalin S, Berthold P. Atraumatic restorative treatment for prevention and treatment of caries in an underserved community. Am J Public Health 2005; 95(8):1338–1339.
  • 25. Honkala E, Behbehani J, Ibricevic H, Kerosuo E, Al-Jame G. The atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) approach to restoring primary teeth in a standard dental clinic. Int J Paediatr Dent 2003;13(3):172-179.
  • 26. Policy on interim therapeutic restorations (ITR). Pediatr Dent 2017;39(6):57-58.
  • 27. Vollú AL, Rodrigues GF, Rougemount Teixeira RV, et al. Efficacy of 30% silver diamine fluoride compared to atraumatic restorative treatment on dentine caries arrestment in primary molars of preschool children: a 12-months parallel randomized controlled clinical trial. J Dent 2019;88:103165.
  • 28. Lo ECM, Luo Y, Fan MW, Wei SHY. Clinical investigation of two glass-ionomer restoratives used with the atraumatic restorative treatment approach in China: two-years results. Caries Res 2001;35(6):458-463.
  • 29. Ruff RR, Barry Godín TJ, Niederman R. Noninferiority of silver diamine fluoride vs sealants for reducing dental caries prevalence and incidence: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatr 2024;178(4):354-361.
  • 30. Abdellatif HM, Ali AM, Baghdady SI, ElKateb MA. Caries arrest effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride compared to alternative restorative technique: randomized clinical trial. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2021;22(4):575-585.
  • 31. Llodra JC, Rodriguez A, Ferrer B, Menardia V, Ramos T, Morato M. Efficacy of silver diamine fluoride for caries reduction in primary teeth and first permanent molars of schoolchildren: 36-month clinical trial. J Dent Res 2005;84(8):721-724.
  • 32. Monse B, Heinrich-Weltzien R, Mulder J, Holmgren C, van Palenstein Helderman WH. Caries preventive efficacy of silver diammine fluoride (SDF) and ART sealants in a school-based daily fluoride toothbrushing program in the Philippines. BMC Oral Health 2012;12:52.
  • 33. Liu BY, Lo ECM, Chu CH, Lin HC. Randomized trial on fluorides and sealants for fissure caries prevention. J Dent Res 2012;91(8):753-758
  • 34. Braga MM, Mendes FM, De Benedetto MS, Imparato JCP. Effect of silver diammine fluoride on incipient caries lesions in erupting permanent first molars: a pilot study. J Dent Child 2009;76(1):28-33.
  • 35. Innes NP, Evans DJ, Bonifacio CC, Geneser M, Hesse D, Heimer M, et al. The Hall technique 10 years on: questions and answers. Br Dent J 2017;222(6):478-483.
  • 36. Alhosaini NM, Bahgat S, Elkhadem A. Postoperative pain after treatment with Hall technique versus silver diamine fluoride in the management of carious primary molars: a randomized clinical trial. NeuroQuantology. 2023; 21(6):1677-1694.
  • 38. Mei ML, Chu CH, Lo ECM, Samaranayake LP. Fluoride and silver concentrations of silver diammine fluoride solutions for dental use. Int J Paediatr Dent 2013;23(4):279-285.
  • 39. Dos Santos VE, De Vasconcelos FMN, Ribeiro AG, Rosenblatt A. Paradigm shift in the effective treatment of caries in schoolchildren at risk. Int Dent J 2012;62(1):47-51.
  • 40. Duangthip D, Chu CH, Lo ECM. A randomized clinical trial on arresting dentine caries in preschool children by topical fluorides - 18 month results. J Dent 2016;44:57-63.
  • 41. Duangthip D, Fung MHT, Wong MCM, Chu CH, Lo ECM. Adverse Effects of Silver Diamine Fluoride Treatment among Preschool Children. J Dent Res 2018;97(4):395-401.
  • 42. Oliveira BH, Rajendra A, Veitz-Keenan A, Niederman R. The effect of silver diamine fluoride in preventing caries in the primary dentition: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Caries Res 2019;53(1):24-32.
  • 43. Richards D. The effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride in arresting caries. Evid Based Dent 2017;18(3):70.
  • 44. Gold J. Limited evidence links silver diamine fluoride and caries arrest in children. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2017;17(3):265-267.
  • 45. Greenwall-Cohen J, Greenwall L, Barry S. Silver diamine fluoride - an overview of the literature and current clinical techniques. Br Dent J. 2020; 228(11):831-838.
  • 46. Crystal YO, Janal MN, Hamilton DS, Niederman R. Parental perceptions and acceptance of silver diamine fluoride staining. J Am Dent Assoc. 2017;148(7):510-518.e4.
  • 47. Targino AG, Flores MA, dos Santos Junior VE, de Godoy Bené Bezerra F, de Luna Freire H, Galembeck A, et al. An innovative approach to treating dental decay in children. A new anti-caries agent. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2014;25(8):2041-2047.
  • 48. Miller MB, Lopez LA, Quock RL. Silver diamine fluoride, potassium iodide, and esthetic perception: an in vitro pilot study. Am J Dent 2016;29(5):248-250.
  • 49. Haiat A, Ngo HC, Samaranayake LP, Fakhruddin KS. The effect of the combined use of silver diamine fluoride and potassium iodide in disrupting the plaque biofilm microbiome and alleviating tooth discoloration: a systematic review. PLoS One 2021;16(6):e0252734.
  • 50. Espinosa-Cristobal LF, Martinez-Castanon GA, Martinez-Martinez RE, Loyola-Rodriguez JP, Patino-Marin N, Reyes-Macias JF, et al. Antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles against Streptococcus mutans. Mater Lett 2009;63(29):2603-2606.
  • 51. Ammar N, El-Tekeya MM, Essa S, Essawy MM, Talaat DM. Antibacterial effect and impact on caries activity of nanosilver fluoride and silver diamine fluoride in dentin caries of primary teeth: a randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC Oral Health 2022;22(1):657.
  • 52. Gao SS, Chen KJ, Duangthip D, Wong MCM, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Arresting early childhood caries using silver and fluoride products - a randomised trial. J Dent 2020;103:103522.
  • 53. Vasquez E, Zegarra G, Chirinos E, Castillo JL, Taves DR, Watson GE, et al. Short term serum pharmacokinetics of diammine silver fluoride after oral application. BMC Oral Health 2012;12:60.
  • 54. JUCSF protocol for caries arrest using silver diamine fluoride: rationale, indications, and consent. Br Dent J 2017;44(1):16-28.
  • 55. Sabbagh H, Othman M, Khogeer L, Al-Harbi H, Al Harthi A, Abdulgader Yaseen Abdulgader A. Parental acceptance of silver Diamine fluoride application on primary dentition: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2020;20(1):227.
  • 56. Timms L, Bux S, Maybin L, Rogers H, Horisk K, Fraser J, et al. A multi-site service evaluation of silver diamine fluoride use for children. Br Dent J. 2023;235(4):269-272.
  • 57. Altner S, Stroj D, Bekes K. Impact of silver diamine fluoride therapy on the oral health-related quality of life of preschool children with behavioral problems after three months: a pilot study. J Clin Med 2022;11(11):3071.
  • 58. Pahel BT, Rozier RG, Slade GD. Parental perceptions of children’s oral health: the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS). Health Qual Life Outcomes 2007;5:6.
  • 59. Bekes K, Omara M, Safar S, Stamm T. The German version of Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS-G): translation, reliability, and validity. Clin Oral Investig 2019;23(12):4449-4454.
  • 60. Quritum M, Abdella A, Amer H, El Tantawi M. Effect of silver diamine fluoride and nano silver fluoride on oral health-related quality of life of children with early childhood caries: a randomized clinical trial. J Dent 2024;142:104878.
  • 61. Seifo N, Cassie H, Radford JR, Innes NPT. “I guess it looks worse to me, it doesn’t look like there’s been a problem solved but obviously there is”: a qualitative exploration of children’s and their parents’ views of silver diamine fluoride for the management of carious lesions in children. BMC Oral Health 2021;21(1):367.
There are 60 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Paedodontics
Journal Section Review
Authors

Vecihe İpek Yörel 0009-0007-2023-6431

Submission Date January 28, 2025
Acceptance Date October 21, 2025
Publication Date December 29, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 28 Issue: 4

Cite

EndNote Yörel Vİ (December 1, 2025) Is Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) a Viable Biological Treatment Option? Exploring the Application of SDF versus Other Minimally Invasive Methods. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 28 4 608–616.

Cumhuriyet Dental Journal (Cumhuriyet Dent J, CDJ) is the official publication of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry. CDJ is an international journal dedicated to the latest advancement of dentistry. The aim of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments in different areas of dentistry. First issue of the Journal of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry was published in 1998. In 2010, journal's name was changed as Cumhuriyet Dental Journal. Journal’s publication language is English.


CDJ accepts articles in English. Submitting a paper to CDJ is free of charges. In addition, CDJ has not have article processing charges.

Frequency: Four times a year (March, June, September, and December)

IMPORTANT NOTICE

All users of Cumhuriyet Dental Journal should visit to their user's home page through the "https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/user" " or "https://dergipark.org.tr/en/user" links to update their incomplete information shown in blue or yellow warnings and update their e-mail addresses and information to the DergiPark system. Otherwise, the e-mails from the journal will not be seen or fall into the SPAM folder. Please fill in all missing part in the relevant field.

Please visit journal's AUTHOR GUIDELINE to see revised policy and submission rules to be held since 2020.