Diş Hekimliğinde Diagnostik ve Terapötik Ultrasonografi Kullanımı

Merve Aydoğdu; Mehmet Zahit Adışen

Olgu Sunumu

Diş Hekimliğinde Diagnostik ve Terapötik Ultrasonografi Kullanımı

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 28 - 40, 01.06.2021

Merve Aydoğdu Mehmet Zahit Adışen

Öz

Diş hekimliğinde bir görüntüleme
yöntemi olarak ultrasonografi son yıllarda
kullanımı giderek artan ve sıklıkla tercih
edilen bir tetkiktir. Ultrasonografi iyonize
radyasyon maruziyetinin olmaması, hızlı,
dinamik ve tekrarlanabilir görüntüler elde
edilmesi ve diğer ileri görüntüleme
tekniklerine kıyasla maliyetinin düşük olması
gibi çeşitli avantajlara sahiptir. Ultrasonografi
diş hekimliğinde genellikle tükürük bezi
hastalıkları, servikal lenfadenopatiler, çeşitli
yumuşak doku kitleleri, çiğneme ve boyun
kaslarının görüntülenmesinde tanı amaçlı
kullanılır. Baş ve boyun bölgesinin kompleks
ultrasonografik anatomisiyle ilgili yeterli bilgi
sahibi olunduğunda ayırıcı tanıyı daraltmak ve
bazen sonuca ulaşmak mümkün olmaktadır.
Terapötik ultrasonografinin diş hekimliğinde
kullanımı ise henüz başlangıç evresindedir.
Tıpta özellikle ortopedi, fizik tedavi ve
rehabilitasyon alanında yaygın olarak
kullanılmaktadır. Diş hekimleri miyofasiyal
kas ağrı sendromu, temporomandibuler eklem
hastalıkları, kraniofasial fraktürler, tükürük
bezi taşlarının uzaklaştırılması, implant
osteointegrasyonu, kök kanal prosedürleri ve
dişeti rejenerasyonu amacıyla terapötik
ultrasonu kullanmaktadır. Bu derlemenin
amacı baş ve boyun bölgesinin ultrasonografik
anatomisi hakkında bilgi vererek, diş
hekimliğinde ultrasonografi kullanımındaki en
son gelişmelere genel bir bakış sağlamaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Diş hekimliği, tanısal görüntüleme, terapötik kullanım, Ultrasonografi

Kaynakça

1. Evirgen Ş, Kamburoğlu K. Review on the applications of ultrasonography in dentomaxillofacial region. World J Radiol. 2016;8(1):50.
2. Kossoff G. Basic physics and imaging characteristics of ultrasound. World J Surg. 2000;24(2):134-42.
3. Aldrich JE. Basic physics of ultrasound imaging. Critical care medicine. 2007;35(5):S131-S7.
4. Yalçin ED, Aktan AM. Ağız tabanı ve orofarenkste ultrasonografik anatomi. Turkiye Klinikleri J Oral Maxillofac Radiol-Special Topics. 2016;2(3):75-9.
5. White SC, Pharoah MJ. Oral radiology-EBook: Principles and interpretation: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2014.
6. Yaşar f. Ultrason fiziği ve terminolojisi. Turkiye Klinikleri J Oral Maxillofac RadiolSpecial Topics. 2016;2(3):46-52.
7. Şİşman Y, Etöz M. Maksillofasiyal Bölgedeki Yüzeyel lenf nodlarının ultrasonografik değerlendirmesi. Turkiye Klinikleri J Oral Maxillofac Radiol-Special Topics. 2016;2(3):59-64.
8. Solbiati L, Osti V, Cova L, Tonolini M. Ultrasound of thyroid, parathyroid glands and neck lymph nodes. Eur Radiol. 2001;11(12):2411-24.
9. Rubaltelli L, Proto E, Salmaso R, Bortoletto P, Candiani F, Cagol P. Sonography of abnormal lymph nodes in vitro: correlation of sonographic and histologic findings. AJR. 1990;155(6):1241-4.
10. Evans R, Ahuja A, Metreweli C. The linear echogenic hilus in cervical lymphadenopathy—a sign of benignity or malignancy? Clin Radiol. 1993;47(4):262-4.
11. Yılmaz Ö, Balta ZD, Tunçbilek I, Koşar U. Ultrasonografik bulguların malign ve benign lenfadenopati ayrımına katkısı. SDÜ Saglik Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2012;3(1).
12. Ying M, Ahuja A. Sonography of neck lymph nodes. Part I: normal lymph nodes. Clin Radiol. 2003;58(5):351-8.
13. Ahuja A, Ying M. Sonography of neck lymph nodes. Part II: abnormal lymph nodes. Clin Radiol. 2003;58(5):359-66.
14. Shankar VN, Praveena V, Amingad BB. Ultrasonography of salivary gland: a pictorial review. J Oral Maxillofac Surg Med Pathol. 2014;26(1):61-7.
15. Gritzmann N, Rettenbacher T, Hollerweger A, Macheiner P, Hübner E. Sonography of the salivary glands. Eur Radiol. 2003;13(5):964- 75.
16. Yildirim D, Bozdemİr E. Tükürük Bezlerindeki İnflamatuar Değişikliklerin Teşhisinde Ultrasonografik Muayene. Turkiye Klinikleri J Oral Maxillofac Radiol-Special Topics. 2016;2(3):53-8.
17. Lee Y, Wong K, King A, Ahuja A. Imaging of salivary gland tumours. Eur J Radiol. 2008;66(3):419-36.
18. Oeppen RS, Gibson D, Brennan PA. An update on the use of ultrasound imaging in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010;48(6):412-8.
19. Andretta M, Tregnaghi A, Prosenikliev V, Staffieri A. Current opinions in sialolithiasis diagnosis and treatment. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2005;25(3):145.
20. Orloff LA, Hwang HS, Jecker P. The role of ultrasound in the diagnosis and management of salivary disease. Oper Tech Otolayngol Head Neck Surg. 2009;20(2):136-44.
21. Gandage SG, KachewaR SG. An Imaging Panorama of Salivary Gland Lesions as seen on High Resolution Ultrasound. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014;8(10):RC01.
22. Arsan B, Erdem TL. Siyalolit Teşhisinde Ultrasonografi Kullanımı. Turkiye Klinikleri J Oral Maxillofac Radiol-Special Topics. 2016;2(3):15-8.
23. Özdede M, Hacıosmanoğlu N, Kaya E, Özer H, Akın E, Seçkin A, et al. Sialolit: 3 olgunun klinik, radyografik ve ultrasonografik bulguları ile birlikte değerlendirilmesi. Acta Odontol Turc. 2016;33(1):35-8
24. Eren H, Görgün S. Çiğneme Kaslarının Değerlendirilmesinde Ultrason Kullanımı. Turkiye Klinikleri of Oral and Maxillofac Radiol-Special Topics. 2016;2(3):1-6.
25. Emshoff R, Bertram S, Brandlmaier I, Scheiderbauer G, Rudisch A, Bodner G. Ultrasonographic assessment of local cross‐ sectional dimensions of masseter muscle sites: a reproducible technique? J Oral Rehabil. 2002;29(11):1059-62.
26. Lauria L, Curi MM, Chammas MC, Pinto DS, Torloni H. Ultrasonography evaluation of bone lesions of the jaw. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1996;82(3):351-7.
27. Gundappa M, Ng S, Whaites E. Comparison of ultrasound, digital and conventional radiography in differentiating periapical lesions. Dentomaxillofac Radio. 2006;35(5):326-33.
28. Rajendran N, Sundaresan B. Efficacy of ultrasound and color power Doppler as a monitoring tool in the healing of endodontic periapical lesions. J Endod. 2007;33(2):181-6.
29. Adibi S, Shakibafard A, Karimi Sarvestani Z, Saadat N, Khojastepour L. Effect of cortical bone thickness on detection of Intraosseous lesions by ultrasonography. Radiol Res Pract. 2015;2015.
30. Çağlayan F, Bayrakdar İŞ, Yilmaz AB. Çenelerde görülen kemik içi lezyonlarda ultrasonografi kullanımı. Turkiye Klinikleri J Oral Maxillofac Radiol-Special Topics. 2016;2(3):36-9.
31. Prince CN, Annapurna CS, Sivaraj S, Ali I. Ultrasound imaging in the diagnosis of periapical lesions. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2012;4(Suppl 2):S369.
32. Sumer A, Danaci M, Ozen Sandikçi E, Sumer M, Celenk P. Ultrasonography and Doppler ultrasonography in the evaluation of intraosseous lesions of the jaws. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2009;38(1):23-7.
33. Ishii J, Nagasawa H, Wadamori T, Yamashiro M, Ishikawa H, Yamada T, et al. Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of palatal tumors. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1999;87(1):39-43.
34. Marotti J, Heger S, Tinschert J, Tortamano P, Chuembou F, Radermacher K, et al. Recent advances of ultrasound imaging in dentistry–a review of the literature. O Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2013;115(6):819-32.
35. Scheven B, Shelton R, Cooper P, Walmsley A, Smith A. Therapeutic ultrasound for dental tissue repair. Med Hypotheses. 2009;73(4):591-3.
36. Karumuri SK, Rastogi T, Beeraka K, Penumatcha MR, Olepu SR. Ultrasound: a revenant therapeutic modality in dentistry. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10(7):ZE08.
37. Erdogan Ö, Esen E. Biological aspects and clinical importance of ultrasound therapy in bone healing. J Ultrasound Med. 2009;28(6):765-76.
38. Mago J, Sheikh S, Pallagatti S, Aggarwal A. Therapeutic applications of ultrasonography in dentistry. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol. 2014;26(4):414.
39. Harris M. The conservative management of osteoradionecrosis of the mandible with ultrasound therapy. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1992;30(5):313-8.
40. Walmsley A. Applications of ultrasound in dentistry. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1988;14(1):7- 14.
41. Ikai H, Tamura T, Watanabe T, Itou M, Sugaya A, Iwabuchi S, et al. Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound accelerates periodontal wound healing after flap surgery. J Periodontal Res. 2008;43(2):212-6.
42. Handa R, Sunil M, Gupta C, Raina A, Khan T, Gulzar A. Efficacy of ultrasound massage therapy as an adjuvant pain control modality in TMDs: A clinical study. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol. 2018;30(2):107.
43. Ucar M, Sarp Ü, Koca İ, Eroğlu S, Yetisgin A, Tutoglu A, et al. Effectiveness of a home exercise program in combination with ultrasound therapy for temporomandibular joint disorders. J Phys Ther Sci. 2014;26(12):1847-9.
44. Li L, Zhu Z, Huang C, Chen W. Ultrasound: a potential technique to improve osseointegration of dental implants. Med Hypotheses. 2008;71(4):568-71.
45. Abdulhameed EA, Enezei HH, Omar M, Komori A, Sugita Y, Hegazy FA, et al. The effect of low intensity pulsed ultrasound therapy on osseointegration and marginal bone loss around dental implants. J Hard Tissue Biol. 2017;26(4):323-30.
46. Jiang Y, Yuan Y, Xiong Y, Wang B, Guo Y, Gong P, et al. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound improves osseointegration of dental implant in mice by inducing local neuronal production of αCGRP. Arch Oral Biol. 2020:104736.
47. Jiang X, Savchenko O, Li Y, Qi S, Yang T, Zhang W, et al. A review of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound for therapeutic applications. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2018;66(10):2704- 18.
48. El-Bialy T, El-Shamy I, Graber TM. Repair of orthodontically induced root resorption by ultrasound in humans. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004;126(2):186- 93.
49. Dalla-Bona DA, Tanaka E, Inubushi T, Oka H, Ohta A, Okada H, et al. Cementoblast response to low-and high-intensity ultrasound. Arch Oral Biol. 2008;53(4):318-23.
50. Peker İ, Üçok CÖ. Terapötik Ultrasonun Diş Hekimliğindeki Uygulama Alanları. Turkiye Klinikleri J Oral Maxillofac RadiolSpecial Topics. 2016;2(3):24-30.
51. Yircali Atici M, Tarim Ertaş E. Dİş Hekİmlİğİnde Düşük Yoğunluklu Kesİklİ Ultrason Kullanimi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi. 2015;25:142-150.

Application of Mini- Use of Diagnostic And Therapeutic Ultrasonography in Dentistry

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 28 - 40, 01.06.2021

Merve Aydoğdu Mehmet Zahit Adışen

Öz

Ultrasonography as an imaging
modality in dentistry is used and increasingly
becoming the preferred in recent years.
Ultrasonography has several advantages such
as absence of ionizing radiation exposure,
being able to obtain fast, dynamic and
reproducible images and its low cost when
compared with other advanced imaging
techniques. Ultrasonography is used in
dentistry generally for diagnostic purposes
such as salivary gland diseases, cervical
lymphadenopathy, various soft tissue mass,
masticatory and neck muscles. With a sound
knowledge of complex ultrasonographic
anatomic structure of the head and neck
region, it may be possible to narrow
differential diagnosis or achieve final one. The
use of therapeutic ultrasonography in
dentistry is stil in its initial stage. It is
commonly used in medicine, especially
orthopedics and physical therapy and
rehabilitation. Dentistry uses therapeutic
ultrasonography in treating myofacial pain
dysfunction syndrome, temporomandibular
joint disorder, craniofacial fractures,
silolitotripsy of salivary calculi,
osteointegration of implant, root canal
procedures and gingival regeneration. The aim
of this review is to provide with an overview
of the most recent advances in the use of
ultrasonography in dentistry by providing
information about the ultrasonographic
anatomy of the head and neck region.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dentistry, diagnostic imaging, therapeutic use, Ultrasonography

Kaynakça

1. Evirgen Ş, Kamburoğlu K. Review on the applications of ultrasonography in dentomaxillofacial region. World J Radiol. 2016;8(1):50.
2. Kossoff G. Basic physics and imaging characteristics of ultrasound. World J Surg. 2000;24(2):134-42.
3. Aldrich JE. Basic physics of ultrasound imaging. Critical care medicine. 2007;35(5):S131-S7.
4. Yalçin ED, Aktan AM. Ağız tabanı ve orofarenkste ultrasonografik anatomi. Turkiye Klinikleri J Oral Maxillofac Radiol-Special Topics. 2016;2(3):75-9.
5. White SC, Pharoah MJ. Oral radiology-EBook: Principles and interpretation: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2014.
6. Yaşar f. Ultrason fiziği ve terminolojisi. Turkiye Klinikleri J Oral Maxillofac RadiolSpecial Topics. 2016;2(3):46-52.
7. Şİşman Y, Etöz M. Maksillofasiyal Bölgedeki Yüzeyel lenf nodlarının ultrasonografik değerlendirmesi. Turkiye Klinikleri J Oral Maxillofac Radiol-Special Topics. 2016;2(3):59-64.
8. Solbiati L, Osti V, Cova L, Tonolini M. Ultrasound of thyroid, parathyroid glands and neck lymph nodes. Eur Radiol. 2001;11(12):2411-24.
9. Rubaltelli L, Proto E, Salmaso R, Bortoletto P, Candiani F, Cagol P. Sonography of abnormal lymph nodes in vitro: correlation of sonographic and histologic findings. AJR. 1990;155(6):1241-4.
10. Evans R, Ahuja A, Metreweli C. The linear echogenic hilus in cervical lymphadenopathy—a sign of benignity or malignancy? Clin Radiol. 1993;47(4):262-4.
11. Yılmaz Ö, Balta ZD, Tunçbilek I, Koşar U. Ultrasonografik bulguların malign ve benign lenfadenopati ayrımına katkısı. SDÜ Saglik Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2012;3(1).
12. Ying M, Ahuja A. Sonography of neck lymph nodes. Part I: normal lymph nodes. Clin Radiol. 2003;58(5):351-8.
13. Ahuja A, Ying M. Sonography of neck lymph nodes. Part II: abnormal lymph nodes. Clin Radiol. 2003;58(5):359-66.
14. Shankar VN, Praveena V, Amingad BB. Ultrasonography of salivary gland: a pictorial review. J Oral Maxillofac Surg Med Pathol. 2014;26(1):61-7.
15. Gritzmann N, Rettenbacher T, Hollerweger A, Macheiner P, Hübner E. Sonography of the salivary glands. Eur Radiol. 2003;13(5):964- 75.
16. Yildirim D, Bozdemİr E. Tükürük Bezlerindeki İnflamatuar Değişikliklerin Teşhisinde Ultrasonografik Muayene. Turkiye Klinikleri J Oral Maxillofac Radiol-Special Topics. 2016;2(3):53-8.
17. Lee Y, Wong K, King A, Ahuja A. Imaging of salivary gland tumours. Eur J Radiol. 2008;66(3):419-36.
18. Oeppen RS, Gibson D, Brennan PA. An update on the use of ultrasound imaging in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010;48(6):412-8.
19. Andretta M, Tregnaghi A, Prosenikliev V, Staffieri A. Current opinions in sialolithiasis diagnosis and treatment. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2005;25(3):145.
20. Orloff LA, Hwang HS, Jecker P. The role of ultrasound in the diagnosis and management of salivary disease. Oper Tech Otolayngol Head Neck Surg. 2009;20(2):136-44.
21. Gandage SG, KachewaR SG. An Imaging Panorama of Salivary Gland Lesions as seen on High Resolution Ultrasound. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014;8(10):RC01.
22. Arsan B, Erdem TL. Siyalolit Teşhisinde Ultrasonografi Kullanımı. Turkiye Klinikleri J Oral Maxillofac Radiol-Special Topics. 2016;2(3):15-8.
23. Özdede M, Hacıosmanoğlu N, Kaya E, Özer H, Akın E, Seçkin A, et al. Sialolit: 3 olgunun klinik, radyografik ve ultrasonografik bulguları ile birlikte değerlendirilmesi. Acta Odontol Turc. 2016;33(1):35-8
24. Eren H, Görgün S. Çiğneme Kaslarının Değerlendirilmesinde Ultrason Kullanımı. Turkiye Klinikleri of Oral and Maxillofac Radiol-Special Topics. 2016;2(3):1-6.
25. Emshoff R, Bertram S, Brandlmaier I, Scheiderbauer G, Rudisch A, Bodner G. Ultrasonographic assessment of local cross‐ sectional dimensions of masseter muscle sites: a reproducible technique? J Oral Rehabil. 2002;29(11):1059-62.
26. Lauria L, Curi MM, Chammas MC, Pinto DS, Torloni H. Ultrasonography evaluation of bone lesions of the jaw. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1996;82(3):351-7.
27. Gundappa M, Ng S, Whaites E. Comparison of ultrasound, digital and conventional radiography in differentiating periapical lesions. Dentomaxillofac Radio. 2006;35(5):326-33.
28. Rajendran N, Sundaresan B. Efficacy of ultrasound and color power Doppler as a monitoring tool in the healing of endodontic periapical lesions. J Endod. 2007;33(2):181-6.
29. Adibi S, Shakibafard A, Karimi Sarvestani Z, Saadat N, Khojastepour L. Effect of cortical bone thickness on detection of Intraosseous lesions by ultrasonography. Radiol Res Pract. 2015;2015.
30. Çağlayan F, Bayrakdar İŞ, Yilmaz AB. Çenelerde görülen kemik içi lezyonlarda ultrasonografi kullanımı. Turkiye Klinikleri J Oral Maxillofac Radiol-Special Topics. 2016;2(3):36-9.
31. Prince CN, Annapurna CS, Sivaraj S, Ali I. Ultrasound imaging in the diagnosis of periapical lesions. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2012;4(Suppl 2):S369.
32. Sumer A, Danaci M, Ozen Sandikçi E, Sumer M, Celenk P. Ultrasonography and Doppler ultrasonography in the evaluation of intraosseous lesions of the jaws. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2009;38(1):23-7.
33. Ishii J, Nagasawa H, Wadamori T, Yamashiro M, Ishikawa H, Yamada T, et al. Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of palatal tumors. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1999;87(1):39-43.
34. Marotti J, Heger S, Tinschert J, Tortamano P, Chuembou F, Radermacher K, et al. Recent advances of ultrasound imaging in dentistry–a review of the literature. O Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2013;115(6):819-32.
35. Scheven B, Shelton R, Cooper P, Walmsley A, Smith A. Therapeutic ultrasound for dental tissue repair. Med Hypotheses. 2009;73(4):591-3.
36. Karumuri SK, Rastogi T, Beeraka K, Penumatcha MR, Olepu SR. Ultrasound: a revenant therapeutic modality in dentistry. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10(7):ZE08.
37. Erdogan Ö, Esen E. Biological aspects and clinical importance of ultrasound therapy in bone healing. J Ultrasound Med. 2009;28(6):765-76.
38. Mago J, Sheikh S, Pallagatti S, Aggarwal A. Therapeutic applications of ultrasonography in dentistry. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol. 2014;26(4):414.
39. Harris M. The conservative management of osteoradionecrosis of the mandible with ultrasound therapy. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1992;30(5):313-8.
40. Walmsley A. Applications of ultrasound in dentistry. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1988;14(1):7- 14.
41. Ikai H, Tamura T, Watanabe T, Itou M, Sugaya A, Iwabuchi S, et al. Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound accelerates periodontal wound healing after flap surgery. J Periodontal Res. 2008;43(2):212-6.
42. Handa R, Sunil M, Gupta C, Raina A, Khan T, Gulzar A. Efficacy of ultrasound massage therapy as an adjuvant pain control modality in TMDs: A clinical study. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol. 2018;30(2):107.
43. Ucar M, Sarp Ü, Koca İ, Eroğlu S, Yetisgin A, Tutoglu A, et al. Effectiveness of a home exercise program in combination with ultrasound therapy for temporomandibular joint disorders. J Phys Ther Sci. 2014;26(12):1847-9.
44. Li L, Zhu Z, Huang C, Chen W. Ultrasound: a potential technique to improve osseointegration of dental implants. Med Hypotheses. 2008;71(4):568-71.
45. Abdulhameed EA, Enezei HH, Omar M, Komori A, Sugita Y, Hegazy FA, et al. The effect of low intensity pulsed ultrasound therapy on osseointegration and marginal bone loss around dental implants. J Hard Tissue Biol. 2017;26(4):323-30.
46. Jiang Y, Yuan Y, Xiong Y, Wang B, Guo Y, Gong P, et al. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound improves osseointegration of dental implant in mice by inducing local neuronal production of αCGRP. Arch Oral Biol. 2020:104736.
47. Jiang X, Savchenko O, Li Y, Qi S, Yang T, Zhang W, et al. A review of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound for therapeutic applications. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2018;66(10):2704- 18.
48. El-Bialy T, El-Shamy I, Graber TM. Repair of orthodontically induced root resorption by ultrasound in humans. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2004;126(2):186- 93.
49. Dalla-Bona DA, Tanaka E, Inubushi T, Oka H, Ohta A, Okada H, et al. Cementoblast response to low-and high-intensity ultrasound. Arch Oral Biol. 2008;53(4):318-23.
50. Peker İ, Üçok CÖ. Terapötik Ultrasonun Diş Hekimliğindeki Uygulama Alanları. Turkiye Klinikleri J Oral Maxillofac RadiolSpecial Topics. 2016;2(3):24-30.
51. Yircali Atici M, Tarim Ertaş E. Dİş Hekİmlİğİnde Düşük Yoğunluklu Kesİklİ Ultrason Kullanimi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi. 2015;25:142-150.

Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Konular	Ağız, Diş ve Çene Radyolojisi
Bölüm	Derleme
Yazarlar	Merve Aydoğdu Mehmet Zahit Adışen
Yayımlanma Tarihi	1 Haziran 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2021 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA	Aydoğdu, M., & Adışen, M. Z. (2021). Diş Hekimliğinde Diagnostik ve Terapötik Ultrasonografi Kullanımı. Van Diş Hekimliği Dergisi, 2(1), 28-40.

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