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6 Months After the Great Earthquake: 2023 Turkey Earthquake News and its Impact on Anxiety Levels and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Adolescents

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1, 81 - 92, 12.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.1340469

Öz

Introduction: Earthquakes and their aftermath can lead to widespread health issues, with anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder being among the most common psychological reactions observed after such events. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between earthquake news exposure and anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in adolescents, as well as the potential risk factors that mediate this relationship.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted six months after the earthquake, focusing on high school students residing in a region in eastern Türkiye. A total of 487 adolescents participated in the study, and face-to-face interviews were conducted using the cluster sampling method. Structural equation model analysis was employed to evaluate the role of anxiety in trauma stress symptoms.
Results: The study found that the anxiety and posttraumatic stress symptom scores of adolescents were at a moderate level. Furthermore, anxiety was found to significantly influence posttraumatic stress symptoms. Participants who had chronic or psychiatric illnesses, had a relative trapped under debris or injured during the earthquake, constantly worried about the possibility of another earthquake, or frequently watched earthquake-related news or broadcasts displayed higher levels of anxiety and posttraumatic stress symptoms.
Conclusion: Inappropriate news content and broadcasts can impact children and adolescents' mental well-being. Parents must monitor the news channels and social media content their children consume, especially in the aftermath of an earthquake. Additionally, targeted, and appropriate psychosocial interventions should be provided to adolescents affected by natural disasters, particularly those at higher risk of developing mental health issues such as anxiety and posttraumatic stress symptoms.

Proje Numarası

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Kaynakça

  • 1. Cénat JM, Derivois D. Assessment of prevalence and determinants of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms in adults survivors of earthquake in Haiti after 30 months. J Affect Disord. 2014;159:111-117. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.02.025
  • 2. İlhan B, Berikol GB, Eroğlu O, Deniz T. Prevalence and associated risk factors of post-traumatic stress disorder among survivors of the 2023 Turkey earthquake. Am J Emerg Med. 2023;72:39-43. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2023.07.026
  • 3. Shi X, Zhou Y, Fan F. Longitudinal trajectories and predictors of anxiety symptoms among adolescent survivors exposed to Wenchuan earthquake. J Adolesc. 2016;53:55-63. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.08.015
  • 4. Lai BS, Kelley M Lou, Harrison KM, Thompson JE, Self-Brown S. Posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms among children after hurricane Katrina: A latent profile analysis. J Child Fam Stud. 2015;24(5):1262-1270. doi:10.1007/s10826-014-9934-3
  • 5. Tang W, Xu D, Xu J. Impact of earthquake exposure, family adversity and peer problems on anxiety-related emotional disorders in adolescent survivors three years after the Ya'an earthquake. J Affect Disord. 2020;273:215-222. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.04.044
  • 6. Farooqui M, Quadri SA, Suriya SS, et al. Posttraumatic stress disorder: A serious post-earthquake complication. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2017;39(2):135-143. doi:10.1590/2237-6089-2016-0029
  • 7. Collimore KC, McCabe RE, Carleton RN, Asmundson GJG. Media exposure and dimensions of anxiety sensitivity: Differential associations with PTSD symptom clusters. J Anxiety Disord. 2008;22(6):1021-1028. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.11.002
  • 8. Silver RC, Holman EA, McIntosh DN, Poulin M, Gil-Rivas V. Nationwide longitudinal study of psychological responses to September 11. JAMA. 2002;288(10):1235-1244. doi:10.1001/jama.288.10.1235
  • 9. Otto MW, Henin A, Hirshfeld-Becker DR, Pollack MH, Biederman J, Rosenbaum JF. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms following media exposure to tragic events: Impact of 9/11 on children at risk for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord. 2007;21(7):888-902. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.10.008
  • 10. Bernstein KT, Ahern J, Tracy M, Boscarino JA, Vlahov D, Galea S. Television watching and the risk of incident probable posttraumatic stress disorder: A prospective evaluation. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2007;195(1):41-47. doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000244784.36745.a5
  • 11. Ahern J, Galea S, Resnick H, Vlahov D. Television images and probable posttraumatic stress disorder after September 11: The role of background characteristics, event exposures, and perievent panic. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2004;192(3):217-226. doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000116465.99830.ca
  • 12. Xu J, Song X. A cross-sectional study among survivors of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake: Prevalence and risk factors of posttraumatic stress disorder. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2011;33(4):386-392. doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2011.05.004
  • 13. Cochran WG. Sampling Techniques. 3rd ed. John Wiley & Sons; 1997. p.1-428.
  • 14. Yalın Sapmaz Ş, Ergin D, Özek Erkuran H, et al. DSM-5 Akut Stres Belirtileri Şiddet Ölçeği-Çocuk Formu Yaş 11-17'nin Türkçe güvenilirliği ve geçerliliği. Dusunen Adam J Psychiatry Neurol Sci. 2017;30:32-38. doi:10.5350/DAJPN2017300104
  • 15. Özusta HŞ. Çocuklar İçin Durumluk-Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Turk Psıkol Derg. 1995;10(34):32-44.
  • 16. Karakaya I, Coşkun A, Ağaoğlu B, et al. Çocukluktaki Olumsuz Düşünceleri Değerlendirme Ölçeği geçerlik-güvenilirlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatr Derg. 2007;18(2):1-8.
  • 17. Günay U. Aile Merkezli Bakımın Kanserli Çocuk ve Ebeveynlerinin Kaygı Düzeyine Etkisi. Erciyes Üniversitesi; 2014.
  • 18. İlhan M, Çetin B. LISREL ve AMOS programları kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen yapısal eşitlik modeli (YEM) analizlerine ilişkin sonuçların karşılaştırılması. J Meas Eval Educ Psychol. 2014;5(2):26-42. doi:10.21031/epod.31126
  • 19. Espié E, Gaboulaud V, Baubet T, et al. Trauma-related psychological disorders among Palestinian children and adults in Gaza and West Bank, 2005-2008. Int J Ment Health Syst. 2009;3(1):21. doi:10.1186/1752-4458-3-21
  • 20. Ying LH, Wu XC, Lin CD. Longitudinal linkages between depressive and posttraumatic stress symptoms in adolescent survivors following the Wenchuan earthquake in China: A three-wave, cross-lagged study. Sch Psychol Int. 2012;33(4):416-432. doi:10.1177/0143034311421271
  • 21. Qi J, Ye Y, Sun R, Zhen R, Zhou X. Comorbidity of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression among adolescents following an earthquake: A longitudinal study based on network analysis. J Affect Disord. 2023;324:354-363. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.119
  • 22. World Health Organization. Determinants of Mental and Behavioural Disorders. https://icd.who.int/browse10/2016/en#/V. Published June 2016. Accessed Aug 01, 2023.
  • 23. Zhou X, Kang L, Sun X, et al. Risk factors of mental illness among adult survivors after the Wenchuan earthquake. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2013;48(6):907-915. doi:10.1007/s00127-012-0596-4
  • 24. Chan CLW, Wang CW, Qu Z, et al. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among adult survivors of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake in China. J Trauma Stress. 2011;24(3):295-302. doi:10.1002/jts.20645
  • 25. Tang B, Deng Q, Glik D, Dong J, Zhang L. A Meta-Analysis of risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults and children after earthquakes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(12):1537. doi:10.3390/ijerph14121537
  • 26. Priebe S, Grappasonni I, Mari M, Dewey M, Petrelli F, Costa A. Posttraumatic stress disorder six months after an earthquake: Findings from a community sample in a rural region in Italy. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2009;44(5):393-397. doi:10.1007/s00127-008-0441-y
  • 27. Cerdá M, Paczkowski M, Galea S, Nemethy K, Péan C, Desvarieux M. Psychopathology in the aftermath of the Haiti earthquake: A population-based study of posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression. Depress Anxiety. 2013;30(5):413-424. doi:10.1002/da.22007
  • 28. Berman H. Children and war: Current understandings and future directions. Public Health Nurs. 2001;18(4):243-252. doi:10.1046/j.1525-1446.2001.00243.x
  • 29. Hong C, Efferth T. Systematic review on post-traumatic stress disorder among survivors of the Wenchuan Earthquake. Trauma, Violence, Abus. 2015;17(5):542-561. doi:10.1177/1524838015585313
  • 30. Xu J, Song X. Posttraumatic stress disorder among survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake 1 year after: Prevalence and risk factors. Compr Psychiatry. 2011;52(4):431-437. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.08.002
  • 31. Nolen-Hoeksema S, Morrow J. A prospective study of depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms after a natural disaster: The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1991;61(1):115-121. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.61.1.115
  • 32. Cheng J, Liang YM, Zhou YY, Eli B, Liu ZK. Trajectories of PTSD symptoms among children who survived the Lushan earthquake: A four-year longitudinal study. J Affect Disord. 2019;252:421-427. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.047
  • 33. McMillan KA, Asmundson GJG, Sareen J. Comorbid PTSD and social anxiety disorder: Associations with quality of life and suicide attempts. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2017;205(9):732-737. doi:10.1097/NMD.0000000000000704
  • 34. Kadak MT, Nasıroğlu S, Boysan M, Aydın A. Risk factors predicting posttraumatic stress reactions in adolescents after 2011 Van earthquake. Compr Psychiatry. 2013;54(7):982-990. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.04.003
  • 35. Vila G, Porche LM, Mouren-Simeoni MC. An 18-month longitudinal study of posttraumatic disorders in children who were taken hostage in their school. Psychosom Med. 1999;61(6):746-754. doi:10.1097/00006842-199911000-00005
  • 36. Nader K, Pynoos R, Fairbanks L, Frederick C. Children's PTSD reactions one year after a sniper attack at their school. Am J Psychiatry. 1990;147(11):1526-1530. doi:10.1176/ajp.147.11.1526
  • 37. Sarman A, Tuncay S, Sarman E. COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde medyanın 3-18 yaş arasındaki çocuklar üzerindeki olumsuz psikolojik etkisinin önlenmesi. Van Sag Bil Derg. 2020;13(Özel Sayı):69-75.

Büyük Depremden 6 Ay Sonra: 2023 Türkiye Depremiyle İlgili Haberlerin ve Diğer Durumların Ergenlerde Kaygı Düzeyi ve Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu Belirtileriyle İlişkisi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1, 81 - 92, 12.03.2024
https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.1340469

Öz

Giriş: Depremler ve oluşturduğu etkiler küresel sağlık sorunlarına neden olmaktadır. Kaygı ve travma sonrası stres bozukluğu depremlerin ardından görülen en yaygın olumsuz psikolojik tepki olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bu araştırmada deprem haberlerinin ergenlerde kaygı ve travma sonrası stres bozukluğu belirtileriyle ilişkisi ve bu ilişkiye aracılık eden risk faktörlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Kesitsel-tanımlayıcı modeldeki bu çalışma, depremden altı ay sonra Türkiye'nin doğusunda yer alan bir bölgedeki lise öğrencileriyle yürütülmüştür. Küme örnekleme yöntemiyle yüz yüze görüşme tekniğinin kullanıldığı araştırmaya 487 ergen katılmıştır. Kaygının travma stres belirtileri üzerindeki rolünü değerlendirmek amacıyla yapısal eşitlik modeli analizi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Ergenlerin kaygı ve travma sonrası stres belirtileri puanlarının orta düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kaygının travma sonrası stres belirtilerini etkilediği, kronik veya psikiyatrik hastalığı olanların, daha önce enkaz altında kalan veya yaralanan herhangi bir yakını olanların, sürekli olarak deprem olacağı endişesi taşıyanların, depremle ilgili haber veya yayınları izleyenlerin kaygı ve travma sonrası stres puanları yüksek bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Uygun olmayan haber içerikleri ve yayınların çocuk ve ergenleri etkileyebileceği unutulmamalıdır. Ebeveynlerin özellikle deprem sonrası haber kanalları ve sosyal medyada çocuklarının izlediği içerikleri kontrol etmesi önemlidir. Doğal afetlerden etkilenen ergenlere, özellikle kaygı ve travma sonrası stres belirtileri gibi ruhsal problemler açısından yüksek risk taşıyanlara, bireyselleştirilmiş ve uygun psikososyal müdahaleler verilmelidir.

Destekleyen Kurum

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Proje Numarası

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Teşekkür

Araştırmaya katılan tüm ergenlere teşekkür ediyoruz.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Cénat JM, Derivois D. Assessment of prevalence and determinants of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression symptoms in adults survivors of earthquake in Haiti after 30 months. J Affect Disord. 2014;159:111-117. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.02.025
  • 2. İlhan B, Berikol GB, Eroğlu O, Deniz T. Prevalence and associated risk factors of post-traumatic stress disorder among survivors of the 2023 Turkey earthquake. Am J Emerg Med. 2023;72:39-43. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2023.07.026
  • 3. Shi X, Zhou Y, Fan F. Longitudinal trajectories and predictors of anxiety symptoms among adolescent survivors exposed to Wenchuan earthquake. J Adolesc. 2016;53:55-63. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.08.015
  • 4. Lai BS, Kelley M Lou, Harrison KM, Thompson JE, Self-Brown S. Posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms among children after hurricane Katrina: A latent profile analysis. J Child Fam Stud. 2015;24(5):1262-1270. doi:10.1007/s10826-014-9934-3
  • 5. Tang W, Xu D, Xu J. Impact of earthquake exposure, family adversity and peer problems on anxiety-related emotional disorders in adolescent survivors three years after the Ya'an earthquake. J Affect Disord. 2020;273:215-222. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.04.044
  • 6. Farooqui M, Quadri SA, Suriya SS, et al. Posttraumatic stress disorder: A serious post-earthquake complication. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2017;39(2):135-143. doi:10.1590/2237-6089-2016-0029
  • 7. Collimore KC, McCabe RE, Carleton RN, Asmundson GJG. Media exposure and dimensions of anxiety sensitivity: Differential associations with PTSD symptom clusters. J Anxiety Disord. 2008;22(6):1021-1028. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.11.002
  • 8. Silver RC, Holman EA, McIntosh DN, Poulin M, Gil-Rivas V. Nationwide longitudinal study of psychological responses to September 11. JAMA. 2002;288(10):1235-1244. doi:10.1001/jama.288.10.1235
  • 9. Otto MW, Henin A, Hirshfeld-Becker DR, Pollack MH, Biederman J, Rosenbaum JF. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms following media exposure to tragic events: Impact of 9/11 on children at risk for anxiety disorders. J Anxiety Disord. 2007;21(7):888-902. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2006.10.008
  • 10. Bernstein KT, Ahern J, Tracy M, Boscarino JA, Vlahov D, Galea S. Television watching and the risk of incident probable posttraumatic stress disorder: A prospective evaluation. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2007;195(1):41-47. doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000244784.36745.a5
  • 11. Ahern J, Galea S, Resnick H, Vlahov D. Television images and probable posttraumatic stress disorder after September 11: The role of background characteristics, event exposures, and perievent panic. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2004;192(3):217-226. doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000116465.99830.ca
  • 12. Xu J, Song X. A cross-sectional study among survivors of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake: Prevalence and risk factors of posttraumatic stress disorder. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2011;33(4):386-392. doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2011.05.004
  • 13. Cochran WG. Sampling Techniques. 3rd ed. John Wiley & Sons; 1997. p.1-428.
  • 14. Yalın Sapmaz Ş, Ergin D, Özek Erkuran H, et al. DSM-5 Akut Stres Belirtileri Şiddet Ölçeği-Çocuk Formu Yaş 11-17'nin Türkçe güvenilirliği ve geçerliliği. Dusunen Adam J Psychiatry Neurol Sci. 2017;30:32-38. doi:10.5350/DAJPN2017300104
  • 15. Özusta HŞ. Çocuklar İçin Durumluk-Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Turk Psıkol Derg. 1995;10(34):32-44.
  • 16. Karakaya I, Coşkun A, Ağaoğlu B, et al. Çocukluktaki Olumsuz Düşünceleri Değerlendirme Ölçeği geçerlik-güvenilirlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatr Derg. 2007;18(2):1-8.
  • 17. Günay U. Aile Merkezli Bakımın Kanserli Çocuk ve Ebeveynlerinin Kaygı Düzeyine Etkisi. Erciyes Üniversitesi; 2014.
  • 18. İlhan M, Çetin B. LISREL ve AMOS programları kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen yapısal eşitlik modeli (YEM) analizlerine ilişkin sonuçların karşılaştırılması. J Meas Eval Educ Psychol. 2014;5(2):26-42. doi:10.21031/epod.31126
  • 19. Espié E, Gaboulaud V, Baubet T, et al. Trauma-related psychological disorders among Palestinian children and adults in Gaza and West Bank, 2005-2008. Int J Ment Health Syst. 2009;3(1):21. doi:10.1186/1752-4458-3-21
  • 20. Ying LH, Wu XC, Lin CD. Longitudinal linkages between depressive and posttraumatic stress symptoms in adolescent survivors following the Wenchuan earthquake in China: A three-wave, cross-lagged study. Sch Psychol Int. 2012;33(4):416-432. doi:10.1177/0143034311421271
  • 21. Qi J, Ye Y, Sun R, Zhen R, Zhou X. Comorbidity of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression among adolescents following an earthquake: A longitudinal study based on network analysis. J Affect Disord. 2023;324:354-363. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.119
  • 22. World Health Organization. Determinants of Mental and Behavioural Disorders. https://icd.who.int/browse10/2016/en#/V. Published June 2016. Accessed Aug 01, 2023.
  • 23. Zhou X, Kang L, Sun X, et al. Risk factors of mental illness among adult survivors after the Wenchuan earthquake. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2013;48(6):907-915. doi:10.1007/s00127-012-0596-4
  • 24. Chan CLW, Wang CW, Qu Z, et al. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among adult survivors of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake in China. J Trauma Stress. 2011;24(3):295-302. doi:10.1002/jts.20645
  • 25. Tang B, Deng Q, Glik D, Dong J, Zhang L. A Meta-Analysis of risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults and children after earthquakes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(12):1537. doi:10.3390/ijerph14121537
  • 26. Priebe S, Grappasonni I, Mari M, Dewey M, Petrelli F, Costa A. Posttraumatic stress disorder six months after an earthquake: Findings from a community sample in a rural region in Italy. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2009;44(5):393-397. doi:10.1007/s00127-008-0441-y
  • 27. Cerdá M, Paczkowski M, Galea S, Nemethy K, Péan C, Desvarieux M. Psychopathology in the aftermath of the Haiti earthquake: A population-based study of posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression. Depress Anxiety. 2013;30(5):413-424. doi:10.1002/da.22007
  • 28. Berman H. Children and war: Current understandings and future directions. Public Health Nurs. 2001;18(4):243-252. doi:10.1046/j.1525-1446.2001.00243.x
  • 29. Hong C, Efferth T. Systematic review on post-traumatic stress disorder among survivors of the Wenchuan Earthquake. Trauma, Violence, Abus. 2015;17(5):542-561. doi:10.1177/1524838015585313
  • 30. Xu J, Song X. Posttraumatic stress disorder among survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake 1 year after: Prevalence and risk factors. Compr Psychiatry. 2011;52(4):431-437. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.08.002
  • 31. Nolen-Hoeksema S, Morrow J. A prospective study of depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms after a natural disaster: The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1991;61(1):115-121. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.61.1.115
  • 32. Cheng J, Liang YM, Zhou YY, Eli B, Liu ZK. Trajectories of PTSD symptoms among children who survived the Lushan earthquake: A four-year longitudinal study. J Affect Disord. 2019;252:421-427. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.047
  • 33. McMillan KA, Asmundson GJG, Sareen J. Comorbid PTSD and social anxiety disorder: Associations with quality of life and suicide attempts. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2017;205(9):732-737. doi:10.1097/NMD.0000000000000704
  • 34. Kadak MT, Nasıroğlu S, Boysan M, Aydın A. Risk factors predicting posttraumatic stress reactions in adolescents after 2011 Van earthquake. Compr Psychiatry. 2013;54(7):982-990. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.04.003
  • 35. Vila G, Porche LM, Mouren-Simeoni MC. An 18-month longitudinal study of posttraumatic disorders in children who were taken hostage in their school. Psychosom Med. 1999;61(6):746-754. doi:10.1097/00006842-199911000-00005
  • 36. Nader K, Pynoos R, Fairbanks L, Frederick C. Children's PTSD reactions one year after a sniper attack at their school. Am J Psychiatry. 1990;147(11):1526-1530. doi:10.1176/ajp.147.11.1526
  • 37. Sarman A, Tuncay S, Sarman E. COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde medyanın 3-18 yaş arasındaki çocuklar üzerindeki olumsuz psikolojik etkisinin önlenmesi. Van Sag Bil Derg. 2020;13(Özel Sayı):69-75.
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Koruyucu Sağlık Hizmetleri, Toplum Çocuk Sağlığı
Bölüm Orijinal Makaleler
Yazarlar

Abdullah Sarman 0000-0002-5081-4593

Suat Tuncay 0000-0001-5493-6507

Proje Numarası -
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 5 Mart 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 12 Mart 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Ağustos 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 18 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Sarman A, Tuncay S. Büyük Depremden 6 Ay Sonra: 2023 Türkiye Depremiyle İlgili Haberlerin ve Diğer Durumların Ergenlerde Kaygı Düzeyi ve Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu Belirtileriyle İlişkisi. TJFMPC. 2024;18(1):81-92.

Sağlığın ve birinci basamak bakımın anlaşılmasına ve geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunacak yeni bilgilere sahip yazarların İngilizce veya Türkçe makaleleri memnuniyetle karşılanmaktadır.