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Dental Anxıety in Chıldren: The Obstacle to Successful Dental Treatment

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 90 - 95, 26.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.15311/selcukdentj.1271549

Öz

Dental anxiety is defined as intense anxiety about any dental procedure without an obvious source. Dental anxiety in children is closely related to the fear of the unknown and the lack of opportunity to control the treatment. Dental anxiety, which can cause physiological and psychological problems for the physician as well as the child, causes oral and dental health problems by preventing children from coming to their appointments and applying the treatment steps in an ideal way.
The prevalence of anxiety was found to be between 5% and 20.6% in studies conducted with children in different age groups who underwent different dental treatments in various countries. The way children show their dental concerns may vary according to age groups. In children with dental anxiety, increased heart rate, changes in breathing, sweating, abdominal pain, tremor, nausea, dry mouth, crying, restlessness, and distraction are frequently observed during dental treatment. In order to progress and complete the steps of dental treatment, anxiety can be managed non-pharmacologically with pharmacological methods such as sedation and general anesthesia, aromatherapy, music therapy, visual and auditory distraction and hypnosis by watching videos during treatment.
Keywords: Dental anxiety, Dental fear, Child

Etik Beyan

This article is not the version of a presentation. This article has not been prepared on the basis of a master’s/ doctoral thesis. It is declared that during the preparation process of this study, scientific and ethical principles were followed and all the studies benefited are stated in the bibliography.

Kaynakça

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  • 6. Brick J, Erickson CK Drugs. The Pharmacology of Abuse and Dependence. The Haworth Medical Press 1998;1:119-131.
  • 7. Davis M, Rainnie D, Casell M Neurotransmission in the rat amygdala related to fear and anxiety. Trends Neurosci. 1192;7:208-214.
  • 8. Carvey PM. Drug Action in the Central Nervous System. New York, Oxford University Press, s.123-150.
  • 9. Klingberg G, Broberg AG. Dental fear/anxiety and dental behaviour management problems in children and adolescents: a review of prevalence and concomitant psychological factors. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2007;17: 391-406.
  • 10. Skaret E, Soevdsnes EK. The role of the dental hygienist in prevention and treatment of the fearful dental patient. Int J Dent Hyg. 2005;3:2-6.
  • 11. Buldur B, Armfield J. Development of the Turkish version of the Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear (IDAF-4C+): Dental anxiety and concomitant factors in pediatric dental patients, The Journal of clinical pediatric dentistry, 2018;42:279-286
  • 12. Mağat, G. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi’ne başvuran hastaların dental anksiyete düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi, Selcuk Dental Journal,2018;5(3):246-252.
  • 13. Doğan MC, Seydaoglu G, Uguz S, Inanc BY. The effect of age, gender and socioeconomic factors on perceived dental anxiety determined by a modified scale in children. Oral health & preventive dentistry. 2006;4 (4): 235-41
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Çocuklarda Dental Anksiyete: Başarılı Dental Tedavinin Önündeki Engel

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 90 - 95, 26.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.15311/selcukdentj.1271549

Öz

ÖZET

Dental anksiyete; her türlü dental işleme karşı kaynağı belli olmaksızın duyulan yoğun endişe olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Çocuklarda dental anksiyete; bilinmeyene karşı duyulan korku ve tedaviyi kontrol etme fırsatının olmamasıyla yakından ilişkilidir. Çocuğun yanısıra hekim için de fizyolojik ve psikolojik problemlere yol açabilen dental anksiyete, çocukların randevularına gelmelerini ve tedavi basamaklarının ideal şekilde uygulanmasını engelleyerek ağız ve diş sağlığı problemlerine neden olmaktadır. Anksiyetenin ve korkunun nörobiyolojisinde rol oynayan en önemli nöroanatomik oluşum amigdaladır. Amigdala potansiyel tehditleri kontrol ederek hipotalamusla yaptığı bağlantılarıyla sempatik sinir sisteminin aktivasyonunu sağlar; merkezi orta beyinle yaptığı bağlantılarıyla da savaş ya da kaç gibi davranışsal savunma yanıtlarını oluşturur.

Çeşitli ülkelerde farklı yaş gruplarındaki farklı dental tedaviler uygulanan çocuklarda yapılan çalışmalarda anksiyete prevalansının %5-%20,6 arasında olduğu saptanmıştır. Çocukların dental kaygılarını gösterme şekilleri yaş gruplarına göre değişebilmektedir. Diş tedavilerinin karşısındaki en yaygın küresel engellerden biri olan dental anksiyeteye neden olan faktörler; dental, çevresel ve bireysel olmak üzere 3 başlıkta gruplandırılabilir.

Dental kaygıya sahip çocuklarda diş tedavisi esnasında kalp hızında artış, nefes almada değişiklik, terleme, karın ağrısı, titreme, mide bulantısı, ağız kuruluğu, ağlama, huzursuzluk, dikkat dağınıklığı sıklıkla görülmektedir. Dental tedavi işlem basamaklarının ilerleyebilmesi ve tamamlanabilmesi için anksiyete, sedasyon ve genel anestezi gibi farmakolojik, aromaterapi, müzik terapisi, tedavi esnasında video izleterek görsel ve işitsel olarak dikkat dağıtma ve hipnoz gibi yöntemlerle nonfarmakolojik olarak yönetilebilmektedir.

Anahtar Sözcükler: dental anksiyete, dental korku, çocuk



ABSTRACT

Dental anxiety is defined as intense anxiety about any dental procedure without an obvious source. Dental anxiety in children is closely related to the fear of the unknown and the lack of opportunity to control the treatment. Dental anxiety, which can cause physiological and psychological problems for the physician as well as the child, causes oral and dental health problems by preventing children from coming to their appointments and applying the treatment steps in an ideal way. The most important neuroanatomical formation that plays a role in the neurobiology of anxiety and fear is the amygdala. By controlling potential threats, the amygdala provides the activation of the sympathetic nervous system with its connections with the hypothalamus; with its connections with the central midbrain, it creates behavioral defense responses such as fight or flight.

The prevalence of anxiety was found to be between 5% and 20.6% in studies conducted with children in different age groups who underwent different dental treatments in various countries. The way children show their dental concerns may vary according to age groups. Factors causing dental anxiety, one of the most common global barriers to dental treatments; can be grouped under 3 headings as dental, environmental and individual.

In children with dental anxiety, increased heart rate, changes in breathing, sweating, abdominal pain, tremor, nausea, dry mouth, crying, restlessness, and distraction are frequently observed during dental treatment. In order to progress and complete the steps of dental treatment, anxiety can be managed non-pharmacologically with pharmacological methods such as sedation and general anesthesia, aromatherapy, music therapy, visual and auditory distraction and hypnosis by watching videos during treatment.

Keywords: dental anxiety, dental fear, child

Etik Beyan

Bu makale, sempozyum ya da kongrede sunulan bir tebliğin içeriği geliştirilerek ve kısmen değiştirilerek üretilmemiştir. Bu çalışma, yüksek lisans ya da doktora tezi esas alınarak hazırlanmamıştır. Bu çalışmanın hazırlanma sürecinde bilimsel ve etik ilkelere uyulduğu ve yararlanılan tüm çalışmaların kaynakçada belirtildiği beyan olunur.

Kaynakça

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  • 2. Kvale G, Berggren U, Milgrom P. Dental fear in adults: a meta- analysis of behavioral interventions. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol.2004;32:250-64.
  • 3. Chadwick BL. Assessing the anxious patient. Dent Update. 2002;29:448-54.
  • 4. Toledano M, Osorio R, Aguilera F, Pegalajar J. Children's dental anxiety: influence of personality and intelligence factors. Int J Paediatr Dent. 1995;5:23-8.
  • 5. Rousset C, Lambin M, Manas F. The ethological method as a means for evaluating stress in children two to three years of age during a dental examination. ASDC J Dent Child. 1997;64: 99-106.
  • 6. Brick J, Erickson CK Drugs. The Pharmacology of Abuse and Dependence. The Haworth Medical Press 1998;1:119-131.
  • 7. Davis M, Rainnie D, Casell M Neurotransmission in the rat amygdala related to fear and anxiety. Trends Neurosci. 1192;7:208-214.
  • 8. Carvey PM. Drug Action in the Central Nervous System. New York, Oxford University Press, s.123-150.
  • 9. Klingberg G, Broberg AG. Dental fear/anxiety and dental behaviour management problems in children and adolescents: a review of prevalence and concomitant psychological factors. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2007;17: 391-406.
  • 10. Skaret E, Soevdsnes EK. The role of the dental hygienist in prevention and treatment of the fearful dental patient. Int J Dent Hyg. 2005;3:2-6.
  • 11. Buldur B, Armfield J. Development of the Turkish version of the Index of Dental Anxiety and Fear (IDAF-4C+): Dental anxiety and concomitant factors in pediatric dental patients, The Journal of clinical pediatric dentistry, 2018;42:279-286
  • 12. Mağat, G. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi’ne başvuran hastaların dental anksiyete düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi, Selcuk Dental Journal,2018;5(3):246-252.
  • 13. Doğan MC, Seydaoglu G, Uguz S, Inanc BY. The effect of age, gender and socioeconomic factors on perceived dental anxiety determined by a modified scale in children. Oral health & preventive dentistry. 2006;4 (4): 235-41
  • 14. Altın KT, Onur ŞG, Yurtseven BD, Altunok Ç, Sandallı N. Ebeveyn dental kaygısının çocukların dental kaygısı üzerine etkileri Yeditepe J Dent, 2019;2:146- 151.
  • 15. Bayrak Ş, Şen E, Eğilmez T, Tüloğlu N. Ebeveyn dental kaygısı ve sosyodemografik faktörlerin çocukların dental kaygısı üzerine etkileri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi. 2010; (3):181-8.8
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  • 17. Alwin NP, Murray J, Britton P. An assessment of dental anxiety in children. Br Dent J. 1991;171(7) :201-207.
  • 18. Eli I, Schwartz-Arad D, Baht R, Ben-Tuvim H. Effect of anxiety on the experience of pain in implant insertion. Clinical oral implants research. 2003;14:115-118
  • 19. Wogelius P, Poulsen S, Toft Sørensen H. Prevalence of dental anxiety and behavior management problems among six to eight years old danish children. Acta Odontol Scand, 2003;61:178-183
  • 20. Ramos‐Jorge J, Marques LS, Homem MA, Paiva SM, Ferreira MC, Oliveira Ferreira F, et al. Degree of dental anxiety in children with and without toothache: Prospective assessment. Int J Paediatr Dent, 2013;23:125-130
  • 21. Bergdahl M, Bergdahl J. Temperament and character personality dimensions in patients with dental anxiety. European journal of oral sciences. 2003;111:93-98.
  • 22. Önçağ Ö, Çoğulu D. Ailenin sosyoekonomik durumu ve eğitim düzeyinin çocuklarda dental kaygı üzerine etkisi. AU Dis Hek Fak Derg. 2005;1:45-54.
  • 23. Stabholz A, Peretz B. Dental anxiety among patients prior to different dental treatments. Int Dent J. 1999;49:90-94.
  • 24. Mishra G, Thakur S, Singhal P, Ghosh SN, Chauhan D, Jayam C. Assessment of child behavior in dental operatory in relation to sociodemographic factors, general anxiety, body mass index and role of multi media distraction. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent, 2016;1:34-159.
  • 25. Jawdekar A. Child management in clinical dentistry. 1. Baskı. India, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, 2010. p. 46-51.
  • 26. Panda A, Garg I, Bhobe AP. Children’s perspective on the dentist’s attire. Int J Paediatr Dent 2014; 24(2): 98-103.
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  • 90. Liu Y, Gu Z, Wang Y. Effect of audiovisual distraction on the management of dental anxiety in children: a systematic review. Int J Paediatr Dent 2019; 29: 14‐21
  • 91. Eitner S, Schultze-Mosgau S, Heckmann J, Wichmann M, Holst S. (2006) Changes in neurophysiologic parameters in a patient with dental anxiety by hypnosis during surgical treatment. J Oral Rehabil. 33(7): 496-500. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2005.01578.x
  • 92. Attar RH, Baghdadi ZD. Comparative efficacy of active and passive distraction during restorative treatment in children using an iPad versus audiovisual eyeglasses: a randomised controlled trial. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2015;16:1-8. 9.
  • 93. Sullivan C, Schneider PE, Musselman RJ, Dummett CJ, Gardiner D. The effect of virtual reality during dental treatment on child anxiety and behavior. ASDC J Dent Child 2000;67:193-6
Toplam 93 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Diş Hekimliği
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Büşra Mutlu 0000-0003-1483-0227

Aysun Avşar 0000-0003-3911-4526

Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Nisan 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Mart 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Mutlu B, Avşar A. Çocuklarda Dental Anksiyete: Başarılı Dental Tedavinin Önündeki Engel. Selcuk Dent J. 2024;11(1):90-5.