Investigation of Effects of Local Vitamin C Application on Inflammatory Response and Periodontal Tissue Destruction in Rat Periodontitis Model

Zeliha Aytekin; Ayşe Toraman; Kübra Karaçam

doi:10.15311/selcukdentj.1115391

Araştırma Makalesi

Investigation of Effects of Local Vitamin C Application on Inflammatory Response and Periodontal Tissue Destruction in Rat Periodontitis Model

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 371 - 376, 21.08.2023

Zeliha Aytekin Ayşe Toraman Kübra Karaçam

https://doi.org/10.15311/selcukdentj.1115391

Öz

Background: The present study aims to evaluate the effect of local vitamin C application on inflammatory response and periodontal tissue destruction in rats with experimental periodontitis.
Methods: A total of 21 animals, 7 rats in each group, were used in the study: 1- Non-ligation (NL), 2-experimental periodontitis (EP), and 3- local vitamin C (VtC) groups. Experimental periodontitis was induced in EP and VtC group rats. After 11 days, the ligature was removed. 50 mL of saline solution and vitamin C were injected locally into the vestibule sulcus of the EP and VtC group rats, respectively. After the rats were sacrificed, blood and gingival tissue samples were taken. TNF-α levels were analyzed biochemically in serum and 8-OHdG and MMP-8 were analyzed immunohistochemically in gingival tissue. The mandibular specimens were histologically evaluated for bone destruction and attachment loss.
Results: The numeric density of 8-OHdG and MMP-8 immunopositive cells were found to be statistically significantly lower in the Vtc group than in the EP group. Vitamin C administration significantly reduced attachment loss and bone loss in the VtC group as compared to the EP group. However, there was no significant difference in serum TNF-α level in the VtC group compared to the EP group.
Conclusions: Local application of vitamin C may reduce inflammation-related bone destruction by supporting the inflammatory response with the antioxidant activity of vitamin C and contributing to the resolution of inflammation with its potential immunomodulatory effect. Vitamin C may be a therapeutic agent that can be used in the treatment of periodontitis.

Anahtar Kelimeler

antioxidants, Experimental periodontitis, oxidative stress, vitamin C

Kaynakça

1. Hajishengallis G. Periodontitis: from microbial immune subversion to systemic inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol. Jan 2015;15(1):30-44. doi:10.1038/nri3785
2. Chapple I. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in inflammatory diseases. J Clin Periodontol. 1997;24(5):287-296.
3. Turrens JF. Mitochondrial formation of reactive oxygen species. J Physiol. Oct 15 2003;552(Pt 2):335-44. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2003.049478
4. Chapple IL, Matthews JB. The role of reactive oxygen and antioxidant species in periodontal tissue destruction. Periodontol 2000. 2007;43:160-232. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0757.2006.00178.x
5. Chapple IL, Brock GR, Milward MR, Ling N, Matthews JB. Compromised GCF total antioxidant capacity in periodontitis: cause or effect? J Clin Periodontol. Feb 2007;34(2):103-10. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.2006.01029.x
6. Saglam E, Canakci CF, Sebin SO, et al. Evaluation of oxidative status in patients with chronic periodontitis and polycystic ovary syndrome: A cross-sectional study. J Periodontol. Jan 2018;89(1):76-84. doi:10.1902/jop.2017.170129
7. Sezer U, Ciçek Y, Canakçi CF. Increased salivary levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine may be a marker for disease activity for periodontitis. Dis Markers. 2012;32(3):165-72. doi:10.3233/dma-2011-0876
8. Öngöz Dede F, Bozkurt Doğan Ş, Ballı U, Avcı B, Durmuşlar MC. The effect of initial periodontal treatment on plasma, gingival crevicular fluid and salivary levels of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine in obesity. Arch Oral Biol. Feb 2016;62:80-5. doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.11.014
9. Sawamoto Y, Sugano N, Tanaka H, Ito K. Detection of periodontopathic bacteria and an oxidative stress marker in saliva from periodontitis patients. Oral Microbiol Immunol. Aug 2005;20(4):216-20. doi:10.1111/j.1399-302X.2005.00215.x
10. Yamasaki N, Tsuboi H, Hirao M, Nampei A, Yoshikawa H, Hashimoto J. High oxygen tension prolongs the survival of osteoclast precursors via macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Bone. Jan 2009;44(1):71-9. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2008.09.015
11. Mohammad CA. Efficacy of Curcumin Gel on Zinc, Magnesium, Copper, IL-1β, and TNF-α in Chronic Periodontitis Patients. Biomed Res Int. 2020;2020:8850926. doi:10.1155/2020/8850926
12. Kuzmanova D, Jansen ID, Schoenmaker T, et al. Vitamin C in plasma and leucocytes in relation to periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol. Oct 2012;39(10):905-12. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.2012.01927.x
13. Cathcart RF, 3rd. Vitamin C in the treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Med Hypotheses. Aug 1984;14(4):423-33. doi:10.1016/0306-9877(84)90149-x
14. Mason SA, Keske MA, Wadley GD. Effects of Vitamin C Supplementation on Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in People With Type 2 Diabetes: A GRADE-Assessed Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Diabetes Care. Feb 2021;44(2):618-630. doi:10.2337/dc20-1893
15. Lynch SM, Gaziano JM, Frei B. Ascorbic acid and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Subcell Biochem. 1996;25:331-67. doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0325-1_17
16. Amaliya, Timmerman MF, Abbas F, et al. Java project on periodontal diseases: the relationship between vitamin C and the severity of periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol. Apr 2007;34(4):299-304. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.2007.01053.x
17. Amarasena N, Ogawa H, Yoshihara A, Hanada N, Miyazaki H. Serum vitamin C-periodontal relationship in community-dwelling elderly Japanese. J Clin Periodontol. Jan 2005;32(1):93-7. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.2004.00643.x
18. Morris MS, Lee Y, Lavin MT, et al. Injectable simvastatin in periodontal defects and alveolar ridges: pilot studies. J Periodontol. Aug 2008;79(8):1465-73. doi:10.1902/jop.2008.070659
19. Bradley AD, Zhang Y, Jia Z, et al. Effect of Simvastatin Prodrug on Experimental Periodontitis. J Periodontol. May 2016;87(5):577-82. doi:10.1902/jop.2016.150599
20. Oliva F, Maffulli N, Gissi C, et al. Combined ascorbic acid and T(3) produce better healing compared to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in an Achilles tendon injury rat model: a proof of concept study. J Orthop Surg Res. Feb 18 2019;14(1):54. doi:10.1186/s13018-019-1098-9
21. Souza M, Moraes SAS, de Paula DR, et al. Local treatment with ascorbic acid accelerates recovery of post-sutured Achilles tendon in male Wistar rats. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2019;52(9):e8290. doi:10.1590/1414-431x20198290
22. Aytekin Z, Arabacı T, Toraman A, Bayır Y, Albayrak M, Üstün K. Immune modulatory and antioxidant effects of locally administrated vitamin C in experimental periodontitis in rats. Acta Odontol Scand. Aug 2020;78(6):425-432. doi:10.1080/00016357.2020.1734656
23. Toraman A, Arabaci T, Aytekin Z, Albayrak M, Bayir Y. Effects of vitamin C local application on ligature-induced periodontitis in diabetic rats. J Appl Oral Sci. 2020;28:e20200444. doi:10.1590/1678-7757-2020-0444
24. Unal B, Kara A, Aksak S, Unal D. A stereological assessment method for estimating the surface area of cycloids. Eurasian J Med. Aug 2010;42(2):66-73. doi:10.5152/eajm.2010.20
25. Susin C, Rösing CK. Effect of variable moderate chronic stress on ligature-induced periodontal disease in Wistar rats. Acta Odontol Scand. Oct 2003;61(5):273-7. doi:10.1080/00016350310005574
26. Grossi SG, Genco RJ. Periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus: a two-way relationship. Ann Periodontol. Jul 1998;3(1):51-61. doi:10.1902/annals.1998.3.1.51
27. Ribeiro J, Leão A, Novaes AB. Periodontal infection as a possible severity factor for rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Periodontol. Apr 2005;32(4):412-6. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.2005.00689.x
28. Demmer RT, Desvarieux M. Periodontal infections and cardiovascular disease: the heart of the matter. J Am Dent Assoc. Oct 2006;137 Suppl:14S-20S; quiz 38S. doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2006.0402
29. Ekuni D, Tomofuji T, Sanbe T, et al. Vitamin C intake attenuates the degree of experimental atherosclerosis induced by periodontitis in the rat by decreasing oxidative stress. Arch Oral Biol. May 2009;54(5):495-502. doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.02.006
30. Tomofuji T, Ekuni D, Irie K, et al. Preventive effects of a cocoa-enriched diet on gingival oxidative stress in experimental periodontitis. J Periodontol. Nov 2009;80(11):1799-808. doi:10.1902/jop.2009.090270
31. Kaur G, Kathariya R, Bansal S, Singh A, Shahakar D. Dietary antioxidants and their indispensable role in periodontal health. J Food Drug Anal. 2016/04/01/ 2016;24(2):239-246. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2015.11.003
32. Chapple IL, Matthews JB. The role of reactive oxygen and antioxidant species in periodontal tissue destruction. Periodontol 2000. 2007;43(1):160-232.
33. Tomofuji T, Ekuni D, Sanbe T, et al. Effects of vitamin C intake on gingival oxidative stress in rat periodontitis. Free Radic Biol Med. Jan 15 2009;46(2):163-8. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.09.040
34. Lihm H, Kim H, Chang H, Yoon M, Lee K, Choi J. Vitamin C modulates lead excretion in rats. Anat Cell Biol. Dec 2013;46(4):239-45. doi:10.5115/acb.2013.46.4.239
35. Karabulut-Bulan O, Bolkent S, Yanardag R, Bilgin-Sokmen B. The role of vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium on cadmium-induced renal toxicity of rats. Drug Chem Toxicol. 2008;31(4):413-26. doi:10.1080/01480540802383200
36. Esposito K, Nappo F, Marfella R, et al. Inflammatory cytokine concentrations are acutely increased by hyperglycemia in humans: role of oxidative stress. Circulation. Oct 15 2002;106(16):2067-72. doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000034509.14906.ae
37. Rathinasamy K, Ulaganathan A, Ramamurthy S, Ganesan R, Saket P, Alamelu S. Estimation of TNF-α Levels in Saliva and Serum of Patients with Periodontal Health and Chronic Periodontitis: A Case-control Study. J Contemp Dent Pract. Feb 1 2020;21(2):148-151.
38. Afacan B, Öztürk V, Paşalı Ç, Bozkurt E, Köse T, Emingil G. Gingival crevicular fluid and salivary HIF-1α, VEGF, and TNF-α levels in periodontal health and disease. J Periodontol. Jul 2019;90(7):788-797. doi:10.1002/jper.18-0412
39. Molina N, Morandi AC, Bolin AP, Otton R. Comparative effect of fucoxanthin and vitamin C on oxidative and functional parameters of human lymphocytes. Int Immunopharmacol. Sep 2014;22(1):41-50. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2014.06.026
40. Sorsa T, Tjäderhane L, Konttinen YT, et al. Matrix metalloproteinases: contribution to pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of periodontal inflammation. Ann Med. 2006;38(5):306-21. doi:10.1080/07853890600800103
41. Hardy DC, Ross JH, Schuyler CA, Leite RS, Slate EH, Huang Y. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 expression in periodontal tissues surgically removed from diabetic and non-diabetic patients with periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol. Mar 2012;39(3):249-55. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.2011.01788.x
42. Carr AC, Maggini S. Vitamin C and Immune Function. Nutrients. Nov 3 2017;9(11)doi:10.3390/nu9111211
43. Xiao XH, Liao EY, Zhou HD, Dai RC, Yuan LQ, Wu XP. Ascorbic acid inhibits osteoclastogenesis of RAW264.7 cells induced by receptor activated nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) in vitro. J Endocrinol Invest. Mar 2005;28(3):253-60. doi:10.1007/bf03345382
44. Ishikawa S, Iwasaki K, Komaki M, Ishikawa I. Role of ascorbic acid in periodontal ligament cell differentiation. J Periodontol. May 2004;75(5):709-16. doi:10.1902/jop.2004.75.5.709
45. Abou Sulaiman AE, Shehadeh RM. Assessment of total antioxidant capacity and the use of vitamin C in the treatment of non-smokers with chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol. Nov 2010;81(11):1547-54. doi:10.1902/jop.2010.100173
46. Yussif NM, Abdul Aziz MA, Abdel Rahman AR. Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Locally Delivered Vitamin C in the Treatment of Persistent Gingival Inflammation: Clinical and Histopathological Study. J Nutr Metab. 2016;2016:2978741. doi:10.1155/2016/2978741
47. Greenstein G. Local drug delivery in the treatment of periodontal diseases: assessing the clinical significance of the results. J Periodontol. Apr 2006;77(4):565-78. doi:10.1902/jop.2006.050140

Sıçan Periodontitis Modelinde Lokal C Vitamini Uygulamasının İnflamatuar Yanıt ve Periodontal Doku Yıkımı Üzerine Etkilerinin Araştırılması

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 371 - 376, 21.08.2023

Zeliha Aytekin Ayşe Toraman Kübra Karaçam

https://doi.org/10.15311/selcukdentj.1115391

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı deneysel periodontitisli ratlarda lokal C vitamini uygulamasının inflamatuar yanıt ve periodontal doku yıkımı üzerine olan etkisini değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmada her grupta 7 sıçan olmak üzere toplam 21 hayvan kullanıldı: 1-Ligatür bağlanmayan (NL) 2-deneysel periodontitis (EP) ve 3-lokal vitamin C (VtC) grupları. EP ve VtC grubu sıçanlarda deneysel periodontitis oluşturuldu. Ligatürler 11 gün sonra ligatür çıkarıldı. EP ve VtC grubu sıçanların vestibül sulkusuna sırasıyla 50 µL salin solüsyonu ve C vitamini lokal olarak enjekte edildi. Ratlar sakrifiye edildikten sonra kan ve dişeti dokusu örnekleri alındı. TNF-α seviyesi serumda biyokimyasal olarak, 8-OHdG ve MMP-8 düzeyleri ise dişeti dokusunda immünohistokimyasal olarak analiz edildi. Mandibula örnekleri kemik yıkımı ve ataşman kaybı açısından histolojik olarak analiz edildi.
Bulgular: 8-OHdG ve MMP-8 immünopozitif hücre yoğunluğunun Vtc grubunda EP grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede daha düşük olduğu bulundu. C vitamini uygulaması, EP grubuna kıyasla VtC grubunda ataşman kaybını ve kemik kaybını önemli ölçüde azalttı. Ancak EP grubuna göre VtC grubunda serum TNF-α düzeyinde anlamlı bir fark yoktu.
Sonuç: Lokal C vitamini uygulaması, C vitamininin antioksidan aktivitesi ile inflamatuar yanıtı destekleyerek ve potansiyel immünomodülatör etkisi ile inflamasyonun çözülmesine katkıda bulunarak inflamasyona bağlı kemik yıkımını azaltabilir. C vitamini periodontitis tedavisinde kullanılabilecek terapötik bir ajan olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

antioksidanlar, Deneysel periodontitis, oksidatif stres, Vitamin C

Kaynakça

1. Hajishengallis G. Periodontitis: from microbial immune subversion to systemic inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol. Jan 2015;15(1):30-44. doi:10.1038/nri3785
2. Chapple I. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in inflammatory diseases. J Clin Periodontol. 1997;24(5):287-296.
3. Turrens JF. Mitochondrial formation of reactive oxygen species. J Physiol. Oct 15 2003;552(Pt 2):335-44. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2003.049478
4. Chapple IL, Matthews JB. The role of reactive oxygen and antioxidant species in periodontal tissue destruction. Periodontol 2000. 2007;43:160-232. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0757.2006.00178.x
5. Chapple IL, Brock GR, Milward MR, Ling N, Matthews JB. Compromised GCF total antioxidant capacity in periodontitis: cause or effect? J Clin Periodontol. Feb 2007;34(2):103-10. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.2006.01029.x
6. Saglam E, Canakci CF, Sebin SO, et al. Evaluation of oxidative status in patients with chronic periodontitis and polycystic ovary syndrome: A cross-sectional study. J Periodontol. Jan 2018;89(1):76-84. doi:10.1902/jop.2017.170129
7. Sezer U, Ciçek Y, Canakçi CF. Increased salivary levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine may be a marker for disease activity for periodontitis. Dis Markers. 2012;32(3):165-72. doi:10.3233/dma-2011-0876
8. Öngöz Dede F, Bozkurt Doğan Ş, Ballı U, Avcı B, Durmuşlar MC. The effect of initial periodontal treatment on plasma, gingival crevicular fluid and salivary levels of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine in obesity. Arch Oral Biol. Feb 2016;62:80-5. doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.11.014
9. Sawamoto Y, Sugano N, Tanaka H, Ito K. Detection of periodontopathic bacteria and an oxidative stress marker in saliva from periodontitis patients. Oral Microbiol Immunol. Aug 2005;20(4):216-20. doi:10.1111/j.1399-302X.2005.00215.x
10. Yamasaki N, Tsuboi H, Hirao M, Nampei A, Yoshikawa H, Hashimoto J. High oxygen tension prolongs the survival of osteoclast precursors via macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Bone. Jan 2009;44(1):71-9. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2008.09.015
11. Mohammad CA. Efficacy of Curcumin Gel on Zinc, Magnesium, Copper, IL-1β, and TNF-α in Chronic Periodontitis Patients. Biomed Res Int. 2020;2020:8850926. doi:10.1155/2020/8850926
12. Kuzmanova D, Jansen ID, Schoenmaker T, et al. Vitamin C in plasma and leucocytes in relation to periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol. Oct 2012;39(10):905-12. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.2012.01927.x
13. Cathcart RF, 3rd. Vitamin C in the treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Med Hypotheses. Aug 1984;14(4):423-33. doi:10.1016/0306-9877(84)90149-x
14. Mason SA, Keske MA, Wadley GD. Effects of Vitamin C Supplementation on Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in People With Type 2 Diabetes: A GRADE-Assessed Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Diabetes Care. Feb 2021;44(2):618-630. doi:10.2337/dc20-1893
15. Lynch SM, Gaziano JM, Frei B. Ascorbic acid and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Subcell Biochem. 1996;25:331-67. doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0325-1_17
16. Amaliya, Timmerman MF, Abbas F, et al. Java project on periodontal diseases: the relationship between vitamin C and the severity of periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol. Apr 2007;34(4):299-304. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.2007.01053.x
17. Amarasena N, Ogawa H, Yoshihara A, Hanada N, Miyazaki H. Serum vitamin C-periodontal relationship in community-dwelling elderly Japanese. J Clin Periodontol. Jan 2005;32(1):93-7. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.2004.00643.x
18. Morris MS, Lee Y, Lavin MT, et al. Injectable simvastatin in periodontal defects and alveolar ridges: pilot studies. J Periodontol. Aug 2008;79(8):1465-73. doi:10.1902/jop.2008.070659
19. Bradley AD, Zhang Y, Jia Z, et al. Effect of Simvastatin Prodrug on Experimental Periodontitis. J Periodontol. May 2016;87(5):577-82. doi:10.1902/jop.2016.150599
20. Oliva F, Maffulli N, Gissi C, et al. Combined ascorbic acid and T(3) produce better healing compared to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in an Achilles tendon injury rat model: a proof of concept study. J Orthop Surg Res. Feb 18 2019;14(1):54. doi:10.1186/s13018-019-1098-9
21. Souza M, Moraes SAS, de Paula DR, et al. Local treatment with ascorbic acid accelerates recovery of post-sutured Achilles tendon in male Wistar rats. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2019;52(9):e8290. doi:10.1590/1414-431x20198290
22. Aytekin Z, Arabacı T, Toraman A, Bayır Y, Albayrak M, Üstün K. Immune modulatory and antioxidant effects of locally administrated vitamin C in experimental periodontitis in rats. Acta Odontol Scand. Aug 2020;78(6):425-432. doi:10.1080/00016357.2020.1734656
23. Toraman A, Arabaci T, Aytekin Z, Albayrak M, Bayir Y. Effects of vitamin C local application on ligature-induced periodontitis in diabetic rats. J Appl Oral Sci. 2020;28:e20200444. doi:10.1590/1678-7757-2020-0444
24. Unal B, Kara A, Aksak S, Unal D. A stereological assessment method for estimating the surface area of cycloids. Eurasian J Med. Aug 2010;42(2):66-73. doi:10.5152/eajm.2010.20
25. Susin C, Rösing CK. Effect of variable moderate chronic stress on ligature-induced periodontal disease in Wistar rats. Acta Odontol Scand. Oct 2003;61(5):273-7. doi:10.1080/00016350310005574
26. Grossi SG, Genco RJ. Periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus: a two-way relationship. Ann Periodontol. Jul 1998;3(1):51-61. doi:10.1902/annals.1998.3.1.51
27. Ribeiro J, Leão A, Novaes AB. Periodontal infection as a possible severity factor for rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Periodontol. Apr 2005;32(4):412-6. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.2005.00689.x
28. Demmer RT, Desvarieux M. Periodontal infections and cardiovascular disease: the heart of the matter. J Am Dent Assoc. Oct 2006;137 Suppl:14S-20S; quiz 38S. doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2006.0402
29. Ekuni D, Tomofuji T, Sanbe T, et al. Vitamin C intake attenuates the degree of experimental atherosclerosis induced by periodontitis in the rat by decreasing oxidative stress. Arch Oral Biol. May 2009;54(5):495-502. doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.02.006
30. Tomofuji T, Ekuni D, Irie K, et al. Preventive effects of a cocoa-enriched diet on gingival oxidative stress in experimental periodontitis. J Periodontol. Nov 2009;80(11):1799-808. doi:10.1902/jop.2009.090270
31. Kaur G, Kathariya R, Bansal S, Singh A, Shahakar D. Dietary antioxidants and their indispensable role in periodontal health. J Food Drug Anal. 2016/04/01/ 2016;24(2):239-246. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2015.11.003
32. Chapple IL, Matthews JB. The role of reactive oxygen and antioxidant species in periodontal tissue destruction. Periodontol 2000. 2007;43(1):160-232.
33. Tomofuji T, Ekuni D, Sanbe T, et al. Effects of vitamin C intake on gingival oxidative stress in rat periodontitis. Free Radic Biol Med. Jan 15 2009;46(2):163-8. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.09.040
34. Lihm H, Kim H, Chang H, Yoon M, Lee K, Choi J. Vitamin C modulates lead excretion in rats. Anat Cell Biol. Dec 2013;46(4):239-45. doi:10.5115/acb.2013.46.4.239
35. Karabulut-Bulan O, Bolkent S, Yanardag R, Bilgin-Sokmen B. The role of vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium on cadmium-induced renal toxicity of rats. Drug Chem Toxicol. 2008;31(4):413-26. doi:10.1080/01480540802383200
36. Esposito K, Nappo F, Marfella R, et al. Inflammatory cytokine concentrations are acutely increased by hyperglycemia in humans: role of oxidative stress. Circulation. Oct 15 2002;106(16):2067-72. doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000034509.14906.ae
37. Rathinasamy K, Ulaganathan A, Ramamurthy S, Ganesan R, Saket P, Alamelu S. Estimation of TNF-α Levels in Saliva and Serum of Patients with Periodontal Health and Chronic Periodontitis: A Case-control Study. J Contemp Dent Pract. Feb 1 2020;21(2):148-151.
38. Afacan B, Öztürk V, Paşalı Ç, Bozkurt E, Köse T, Emingil G. Gingival crevicular fluid and salivary HIF-1α, VEGF, and TNF-α levels in periodontal health and disease. J Periodontol. Jul 2019;90(7):788-797. doi:10.1002/jper.18-0412
39. Molina N, Morandi AC, Bolin AP, Otton R. Comparative effect of fucoxanthin and vitamin C on oxidative and functional parameters of human lymphocytes. Int Immunopharmacol. Sep 2014;22(1):41-50. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2014.06.026
40. Sorsa T, Tjäderhane L, Konttinen YT, et al. Matrix metalloproteinases: contribution to pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of periodontal inflammation. Ann Med. 2006;38(5):306-21. doi:10.1080/07853890600800103
41. Hardy DC, Ross JH, Schuyler CA, Leite RS, Slate EH, Huang Y. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 expression in periodontal tissues surgically removed from diabetic and non-diabetic patients with periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol. Mar 2012;39(3):249-55. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.2011.01788.x
42. Carr AC, Maggini S. Vitamin C and Immune Function. Nutrients. Nov 3 2017;9(11)doi:10.3390/nu9111211
43. Xiao XH, Liao EY, Zhou HD, Dai RC, Yuan LQ, Wu XP. Ascorbic acid inhibits osteoclastogenesis of RAW264.7 cells induced by receptor activated nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) in vitro. J Endocrinol Invest. Mar 2005;28(3):253-60. doi:10.1007/bf03345382
44. Ishikawa S, Iwasaki K, Komaki M, Ishikawa I. Role of ascorbic acid in periodontal ligament cell differentiation. J Periodontol. May 2004;75(5):709-16. doi:10.1902/jop.2004.75.5.709
45. Abou Sulaiman AE, Shehadeh RM. Assessment of total antioxidant capacity and the use of vitamin C in the treatment of non-smokers with chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol. Nov 2010;81(11):1547-54. doi:10.1902/jop.2010.100173
46. Yussif NM, Abdul Aziz MA, Abdel Rahman AR. Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Locally Delivered Vitamin C in the Treatment of Persistent Gingival Inflammation: Clinical and Histopathological Study. J Nutr Metab. 2016;2016:2978741. doi:10.1155/2016/2978741
47. Greenstein G. Local drug delivery in the treatment of periodontal diseases: assessing the clinical significance of the results. J Periodontol. Apr 2006;77(4):565-78. doi:10.1902/jop.2006.050140

Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	İngilizce
Konular	Diş Hekimliği
Bölüm	Araştırma
Yazarlar	Zeliha Aytekin 0000-0002-6743-1994 Ayşe Toraman 0000-0001-7988-0765 Kübra Karaçam 0000-0001-5981-5253
Yayımlanma Tarihi	21 Ağustos 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi	11 Mayıs 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2023 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver	Aytekin Z, Toraman A, Karaçam K. Investigation of Effects of Local Vitamin C Application on Inflammatory Response and Periodontal Tissue Destruction in Rat Periodontitis Model. Selcuk Dent J. 2023;10(2):371-6.

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Selcuk Dental Journal Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.