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DETERMINATION OF FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH FEAR OF HYPOGLYCEMIA AND PERCEPTION OF SELF-EFFICACY IN DIABETES PATIENTS USING INSULIN

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 1, 25 - 36, 14.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.17343/sdutfd.1181696

Öz

Objective
The aim of this study is to determine the factors associated
with fear of hypoglycemia and perception of
self-efficacy and related factors in diabetic patients
using insulin.
Material and Method
This descriptive and correlational study was conducted
with a total of 136 patients followed by a diabetes
education nurse in a State Hospital between
December 2016 and February 2017. "Patient Information
Form", "Self-Efficacy Perception Sub-Scale of
Multidimensional Diabetes Questionnaire" and "Hypoglycemia
Fear Scale (HFS)" were used to collect
data. In order to determine whether the data showed
a normal distribution, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, kurtosis
and skewness values were calculated and the
tests to be used for the analysis of the data were determined.
The t test was used to compare the data
between two independent groups, and the one-way
analysis of variance was used to compare the data
between more than two groups. Pearson Correlation
analysis was performed to determine the relationship
between scale scores. Multiple Linear Regression
analysis was performed to determine whether
the independent variables significantly predicted the
Self-Efficacy Perception Scale and HFS scores.
Results
The mean age of the individuals participating in the
research is 58.12 ± 12.4. In addition, 66.9% of the
participants are women and 75% of them are fifty
years old and over. The total mean score of the
participants on the HFS was 52.5 ± 11.2; Behavior
sub-dimension mean score was 28.12 ± 4.76 and
Worry sub-dimension mean score was 24.46 ± 8.11.
The mean score of the Self-Efficacy Perception Scale
of the patients was 364.2 ± 18.46. It was determined
that there was a statistically significant difference between
the patients' DM duration, DM type, DM drug
treatment type, regular follow-up visits, hypoglycemia
experience and knowing the symptoms of hypoglycemia,
and the scores of HFS and Self-Efficacy Perception
Scale (p < 0.05). A negative and moderate
correlation was found between the Self-Efficacy
Perception Scale score and the total score of HFS,
the Behavior sub-dimension score and the Worry
sub-dimension score (r=- 0.578, p<0.001; r= - 0.588,
p<0.001 ve r= - 0.548, p<0.001 respectively). According
to the multiple regression analysis carried out to
determine whether the duration of DM, type of DM,
DM medication, regular follow-up visits, hypoglycemia,
and knowing the symptoms of hypoglycemia
significantly predicted the total score of the HFS and
Self-Efficacy Scale, the model was found to be significant
and the variance explained 42% and 53%
of them respectively. (F= 16.71; p<0.001; F= 19.47;
p<0.001, respectively).
Conclusion
Fear of hypoglycemia and self-efficacy perception of
diabetic patients using insulin are affected by some
characteristics of the disease. In addition, the self-efficacy
perception level of the patients is effective on
the fear of hypoglycemia. In this context, improving
the perception of self-efficacy in individuals with diabetes
may be effective in reducing fears of hypoglycemia.

Proje Numarası

Yoktur

Kaynakça

  • 1. Sun H, Saeedi P, Karuranga S, Pinkepank M, Ogurtsova K, Duncan BB, et al. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022;183:109119.
  • 2. Gonder-Frederick L. Fear of hypoglycemia: A review. Diabetic Hypoglycemia. 2013;5(3): 3–11.
  • 3. Alwafi H, Alsharif AA, Wei L, Langan D, Naser AY, Mongkhon P, et al. Incidence and prevalence of hypoglycaemia in type 1 and type 2 diabetes individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020;170:108522.
  • 4. Chantzaras A, Yfantopoulos J. Evaluating the Incidence and Risk Factors Associated With Mild and Severe Hypoglycemia in Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes. Value Heal Reg Issues. 2022;30:9–17.
  • 5. Edridge CL, Dunkley AJ, Bodicoat DH, Rose TC, Gray LJ, Davies MJ, et al. Prevalence and incidence of hypoglycaemia in 532,542 people with type 2 diabetes on oral therapies and insulin: A systematic review and meta-analysis of population based studies. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(6): e0126427.
  • 6. Samya V, Shriraam V, Jasmine A, Akila G V., Anitha Rani M, Durai V, et al. Prevalence of Hypoglycemia Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Rural Health Center in South India. J Prim Care Community Heal. 2019;10:1-7.
  • 7. Lamounier RN, Geloneze B, Leite SO, Montenegro R, Zajdenverg L, Fernandes M, et al. Hypoglycemia incidence and awareness among insulin-treated patients with diabetes: The HAT study in Brazil. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2018;10(83):1-10.
  • 8. Heller SR. Glucose concentrations of less than 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL) should be reported in clinical trials: A joint position statement of the American diabetes association and the European association for the study of diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(1):155–7
  • 9. Bakar A, Qomariah SN, Santoso CH, Gustomi MP, Syaful Y, Fatmawa L. Factors the incidence of hypoglycemia in diabetes mellitus patients: A pilot study in the emergency room. Enferm Clin. 2020;30:46–9.
  • 10. Karimy M, Koohestani HR, Araban M. The association between attitude, self-efficacy, and social support and adherence to diabetes self-care behavior. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2018;10(86):1- 6.
  • 11. Amer FAM, Mohamed MS, Elbur AI, Abdelaziz SI, Elrayah ZAB. Influence of self-efficacy management on adherence to self-care activities and treatment outcome among diabetes mellitus type 2 sudanese patients. Pharmacy Practice. 2018;16(4):1-7.
  • 12. Hailu FB, Moen A, Hjortdahl P. Diabetes self-management education (DSME) – Effect on knowledge, self-care behavior, and self-efficacy among type 2 diabetes patients in Ethiopia: A controlled clinical trial. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy. 2019;12:2489–99.
  • 13. Lee SK, Shin DH, Kim YH, Lee KS. Effect of diabetes education through pattern management on self-care and self-efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019;16(18):3323.
  • 14. Hamidi S, Gholamnezhad Z, Kasraie N, Sahebkar A. The Effects of Self-Efficacy and Physical Activity Improving Methods on the Quality of Life in Patients with Diabetes: A Systematic Review. Journal of Diabetes Research. 2022;2022:1-14.
  • 15. Jiang X, Wang J, Lu Y, Jiang H, Li M. Self-efficacy-focused education in persons with diabetes: A systematic review and meta- analysis. Psychology Research and Behavior Management. 2019;12:67–79.
  • 16. Goodall RJ, Ellauzi J, Tan MKH, Onida S, Davies AH, Shalhoub J. A Systematic Review of the Impact of Foot Care Education on Self Efficacy and Self Care in Patients With Diabetes. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. 2020;60:282–92.
  • 17. Erol O, Enc N. Hypoglycemia fear and self-efficacy of Turkish patients receiving insulin therapy. Asian Nurs Res. 2011;5(4):222–8.
  • 18. Erol O. Hypoglycemia Fear and Nursing Role for It’s Management: Review. Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci; 2012;4(1):37–44.
  • 19. Şahin D, Ersoy S, Pala E. Self-efficacy, medical adherence and related factors in patients with diabetes. Fam Pract Palliat Care. 2021;13–21.
  • 20. Yuksel M, Bektas H. Compliance with treatment and fear of hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Nurs. 2021;30(11–12):1773–86.
  • 21. Cox DJ, Irvine A, Gonder-Frederick L, Nowacek G, Butterfield J. Fear of hypoglycemia: quantification, validation, and utilization. Diabetes Care. 1987;10(5):617-21.
  • 22. Coşansu G, Erdoğan S. Çok boyutlu diyabet anketi Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2010;13(4):10–8.
  • 23. Talbot F, Nouwen A, Gingras J, Gosselin M, Audet J. The assessment of diabetes-related cognitive and social factors: the multidimensional diabetes questionnaire France. Journal of Behavioral Medicine.1997;20(3):291–312.
  • 24. Tourkmani AM, Alharbi TJ, Rsheed AMB, AlRasheed AN, AlBattal SM, Abdelhay O, et al. Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients: A review article. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2018;12(5):791-794.
  • 25. Yun JS, Ko SH. Avoiding or coping with severe hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Korean Journal of Internal Medicine. 2015;30:6–16.
  • 26. Gül Ş, Duru Aşiret G, Okatan C. Tip 2 Diyabetes mellitus hastalarının hipoglisemi korkusunun incelenmesi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi. 2021;14(3):179-187.
  • 27. Li S, Fang L, Lee A, Hayter M, Zhang L, Bi Y, et al. The association between diabetes-related distress and fear of hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional descriptive study. Nurs Open. 2021;8(4):1668–77.
  • 28. Maclean RH, Jacob P, Choudhary P, Heller SR, Toschi E, Kariyawasam D, et al. Hypoglycemia Subtypes in Type 1 Diabetes: An Exploration of the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey-II. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(3):538–46.
  • 29. Wang Y, Zeng Z, Ding J, Yuan R, Wang R, Zhang Y, et al. Fear of hypoglycaemia among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study. Vol. 11, Scientific Reports. 2021;11:7971.
  • 30. Rossi MC, Nicolucci A, Ozzello A, Gentile S, Aglialoro A, Chiambretti A et al. Impact of severe and symptomatic hypoglycemia on quality of life and fear of hypoglycemia in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Results of the Hypos-1 observational study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2019;29:(736–743).
  • 31. Özkaptan BB, Kapucu S, Demirci İ. Relationship between adherence to treatment and acceptance of illness in patients with type 2 diabetes. Cukurova Med J. 2019;44(1):447–54.
  • 32. Przezak A, Bielka W, Molęda P. Fear of hypoglycemia-An underestimated problem. Brain Behav. 2022;12(7):1–9.
  • 33. Polonsky WH, Fisher L, Hessler D. The impact of non-severe hypoglycemia on quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications. 2018;32(4):373–8.
  • 34. Shi Min Ko M, Kit Lee W, Chang Ang L, Goh SY, Mong Bee Y, Ming Teh M. A Cross-Sectional study on risk factors for severe hypoglycemia among Insulin-Treated elderly type 2 diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients in Singapore. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022;185(February):109236.
  • 35. Kav S, Yilmaz AA, Bulut Y, Dogan N. Self-efficacy, depression and self-care activities of people with type 2 diabetes in Turkey. Collegian. 2017;24(1):27–35.
  • 36. Gedik S, Kocoglu D. Self-efficacy level among patients with type 2 diabetes living in rural areas. Rural Remote Health. 2018;18(1):4262.
  • 37. Tekin Yanık Y, Erol Ö. Tip 2 Diyabetli Bireylerin öz-yeterlilik düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi. Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences. 2016;19(3):166-174.
  • 38. Akturk U, Aydinalp E. Examining the correlation between the acceptance of the disease and the diabetes self- efficacy of the diabetic patients in a family health center. Annals of Medical Research. 2018;25(3):359-64.
  • 39. Farley H. Promoting self-efficacy in patients with chronic disease beyond traditional education: A literature review. Nursing Open. 2020;7:30–41.
  • 40. Arslan S, Kılıç M, Toğan M. Diyabetli hastalara verilen eğitim ve izlemlerin öz - etkililik düzeyi ve sağlık inancına etkisi. Kocaeli Med J. 2021;10:171–82.
  • 41. Canbolat Ö, Ekenler Ş, Polat Ü. Diyabet özyönetiminde engeller ve kolaylaştırıcılar. SDÜ Tıp Fak Derg. 2022:29(1):143-148

İNSÜLİN KULLANAN DİYABETLİ HASTALARDA HİPOGLİSEMİ KORKUSU VE ÖZ-YETERLİLİK ALGISI İLE İLİŞKİLİ FAKTÖRLERİN BELİRLENMESİ

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 1, 25 - 36, 14.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.17343/sdutfd.1181696

Öz

Amaç
Bu çalışmanın amacı insülin kullanan diyabetli hastalarda
hipoglisemi korkusu ve öz-yeterlilik algısını ve
bunlarla ilişkili faktörleri belirlemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem
Tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı tipteki bu araştırma Aralık
2016-Şubat 2017 tarihleri arasında bir Devlet
Hastanesi’nde diyabet eğitim hemşiresi tarafından
takip edilen toplam 136 hasta ile yapılmıştır. Verilerin
toplanmasında literatür doğrultusunda hazırlanan
“Hasta Tanıtım Formu”, “Çok Boyutlu Diyabet Anketi’nin
Öz-yeterlilik Algısı Alt Ölçeği” ve “Hipoglisemi
Korku Ölçeği (HKÖ)” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin normal
dağılım gösterip göstermediğini belirlemek için Kolmogorov-
Smirnov testi, basıklık ve çarpıklık değerleri
hesaplanarak verilerin analizi için kullanılacak testler
belirlenmiştir. Bağımsız iki grup arasındaki verilerin
karşılaştırılmasında t testi, ikiden fazla grup arasındaki
verilerin karşılaştırılmasında Tek Yönlü Varyans
analizi kullanılmıştır. Ölçek puanları arasındaki ilişkiyi
belirlemek için Pearson Korelasyon analizi yapılmıştır.
Bağımsız değişkenlerin Öz-yeterlilik Algı Ölçeği ile
HKÖ puanlarını anlamlı düzeyde yordama durumunu
belirlemek amacıyla Çoklu Doğrusal Regresyon analizi
yapılmıştır.
Bulgular
Araştırmaya katılan bireylerin yaş ortalaması 58,12
± 12,45’dir. Ayrıca katılımcıların %66,9’u kadın olup
%75’i elli yaş ve üzerindedir. Katılımcıların HKÖ toplam
puan ortalaması 52,58 ± 11,21; Davranış alt boyutu
puan ortalaması 28,12 ± 4,76 ve Kaygı alt boyutu
puan ortalaması 24,46 ± 8,11’dir. Hastaların Öz-yeterlilik
Algısı Ölçeği puan ortalaması 364,24 ± 18,46’dır.
Hastaların DM süresi, DM tipi, DM ilaç tedavi türü, düzenli
kontrollere gitme durumu, hipoglisemi yaşama
durumu ve hipoglisemi belirtilerini bilme durumu ile
HKÖ ve Öz-yeterlilik Algısı Ölçeği puanları arasında
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olduğu belirlenmiştir
(p < 0,05). Öz-yeterlilik Algı Ölçeği puanı ile HKÖ
toplam puanı, Davranış ve Kaygı alt boyutu puanı arasında
negatif yönde ve orta düzeyde bir korelasyon
(sırasıyla r= - 0,578, p<0,001; r= - 0,588, p<0,001 ve
r= - 0,548, p<0,001) bulunmuştur. DM süresi, DM tipi,
DM ilaç tedavisi, düzenli kontrollere gitme durumu, hipoglisemi
yaşama durumu ve hipoglisemi belirtilerini
bilme durumunun HKÖ ve Öz-yeterlilik Algısı Ölçeği
toplam puanını anlamlı düzeyde yordama durumunu
belirlemek amacıyla yapılan çoklu regresyon analizi-
ne göre modelin anlamlı olduğu ve sırasıyla varyansın
%42’sini ve %53’ünü açıkladığı bulunmuştur (sırasıyla
F= 16,71; p<0,001; F= 19,47; p<0,001).
Sonuç
İnsülin kullanan diyabetli hastaların hipoglisemi korkusu
ve öz-yeterlilik algısı hastalığa ilişkin bazı özelliklerden
etkilenmektedir. Ayrıca hastaların öz-yeterlilik
algı düzeyi hipoglisemi korkusu üzerinde etkilidir.
Bu bağlamda diyabetli bireylerde öz-yeterlik algısının
geliştirilmesi hipoglisemi korkularının azaltılmasında
etkili olabilir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Yoktur

Proje Numarası

Yoktur

Teşekkür

Yazarlar çalışmanın yapıldığı kurum yöneticilerine, araştırmaya katılan bireylere katkılarından dolayı teşekkür eder.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Sun H, Saeedi P, Karuranga S, Pinkepank M, Ogurtsova K, Duncan BB, et al. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022;183:109119.
  • 2. Gonder-Frederick L. Fear of hypoglycemia: A review. Diabetic Hypoglycemia. 2013;5(3): 3–11.
  • 3. Alwafi H, Alsharif AA, Wei L, Langan D, Naser AY, Mongkhon P, et al. Incidence and prevalence of hypoglycaemia in type 1 and type 2 diabetes individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020;170:108522.
  • 4. Chantzaras A, Yfantopoulos J. Evaluating the Incidence and Risk Factors Associated With Mild and Severe Hypoglycemia in Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes. Value Heal Reg Issues. 2022;30:9–17.
  • 5. Edridge CL, Dunkley AJ, Bodicoat DH, Rose TC, Gray LJ, Davies MJ, et al. Prevalence and incidence of hypoglycaemia in 532,542 people with type 2 diabetes on oral therapies and insulin: A systematic review and meta-analysis of population based studies. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(6): e0126427.
  • 6. Samya V, Shriraam V, Jasmine A, Akila G V., Anitha Rani M, Durai V, et al. Prevalence of Hypoglycemia Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Rural Health Center in South India. J Prim Care Community Heal. 2019;10:1-7.
  • 7. Lamounier RN, Geloneze B, Leite SO, Montenegro R, Zajdenverg L, Fernandes M, et al. Hypoglycemia incidence and awareness among insulin-treated patients with diabetes: The HAT study in Brazil. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2018;10(83):1-10.
  • 8. Heller SR. Glucose concentrations of less than 3.0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL) should be reported in clinical trials: A joint position statement of the American diabetes association and the European association for the study of diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(1):155–7
  • 9. Bakar A, Qomariah SN, Santoso CH, Gustomi MP, Syaful Y, Fatmawa L. Factors the incidence of hypoglycemia in diabetes mellitus patients: A pilot study in the emergency room. Enferm Clin. 2020;30:46–9.
  • 10. Karimy M, Koohestani HR, Araban M. The association between attitude, self-efficacy, and social support and adherence to diabetes self-care behavior. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2018;10(86):1- 6.
  • 11. Amer FAM, Mohamed MS, Elbur AI, Abdelaziz SI, Elrayah ZAB. Influence of self-efficacy management on adherence to self-care activities and treatment outcome among diabetes mellitus type 2 sudanese patients. Pharmacy Practice. 2018;16(4):1-7.
  • 12. Hailu FB, Moen A, Hjortdahl P. Diabetes self-management education (DSME) – Effect on knowledge, self-care behavior, and self-efficacy among type 2 diabetes patients in Ethiopia: A controlled clinical trial. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy. 2019;12:2489–99.
  • 13. Lee SK, Shin DH, Kim YH, Lee KS. Effect of diabetes education through pattern management on self-care and self-efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019;16(18):3323.
  • 14. Hamidi S, Gholamnezhad Z, Kasraie N, Sahebkar A. The Effects of Self-Efficacy and Physical Activity Improving Methods on the Quality of Life in Patients with Diabetes: A Systematic Review. Journal of Diabetes Research. 2022;2022:1-14.
  • 15. Jiang X, Wang J, Lu Y, Jiang H, Li M. Self-efficacy-focused education in persons with diabetes: A systematic review and meta- analysis. Psychology Research and Behavior Management. 2019;12:67–79.
  • 16. Goodall RJ, Ellauzi J, Tan MKH, Onida S, Davies AH, Shalhoub J. A Systematic Review of the Impact of Foot Care Education on Self Efficacy and Self Care in Patients With Diabetes. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. 2020;60:282–92.
  • 17. Erol O, Enc N. Hypoglycemia fear and self-efficacy of Turkish patients receiving insulin therapy. Asian Nurs Res. 2011;5(4):222–8.
  • 18. Erol O. Hypoglycemia Fear and Nursing Role for It’s Management: Review. Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci; 2012;4(1):37–44.
  • 19. Şahin D, Ersoy S, Pala E. Self-efficacy, medical adherence and related factors in patients with diabetes. Fam Pract Palliat Care. 2021;13–21.
  • 20. Yuksel M, Bektas H. Compliance with treatment and fear of hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Nurs. 2021;30(11–12):1773–86.
  • 21. Cox DJ, Irvine A, Gonder-Frederick L, Nowacek G, Butterfield J. Fear of hypoglycemia: quantification, validation, and utilization. Diabetes Care. 1987;10(5):617-21.
  • 22. Coşansu G, Erdoğan S. Çok boyutlu diyabet anketi Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2010;13(4):10–8.
  • 23. Talbot F, Nouwen A, Gingras J, Gosselin M, Audet J. The assessment of diabetes-related cognitive and social factors: the multidimensional diabetes questionnaire France. Journal of Behavioral Medicine.1997;20(3):291–312.
  • 24. Tourkmani AM, Alharbi TJ, Rsheed AMB, AlRasheed AN, AlBattal SM, Abdelhay O, et al. Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients: A review article. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2018;12(5):791-794.
  • 25. Yun JS, Ko SH. Avoiding or coping with severe hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Korean Journal of Internal Medicine. 2015;30:6–16.
  • 26. Gül Ş, Duru Aşiret G, Okatan C. Tip 2 Diyabetes mellitus hastalarının hipoglisemi korkusunun incelenmesi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi. 2021;14(3):179-187.
  • 27. Li S, Fang L, Lee A, Hayter M, Zhang L, Bi Y, et al. The association between diabetes-related distress and fear of hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional descriptive study. Nurs Open. 2021;8(4):1668–77.
  • 28. Maclean RH, Jacob P, Choudhary P, Heller SR, Toschi E, Kariyawasam D, et al. Hypoglycemia Subtypes in Type 1 Diabetes: An Exploration of the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey-II. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(3):538–46.
  • 29. Wang Y, Zeng Z, Ding J, Yuan R, Wang R, Zhang Y, et al. Fear of hypoglycaemia among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study. Vol. 11, Scientific Reports. 2021;11:7971.
  • 30. Rossi MC, Nicolucci A, Ozzello A, Gentile S, Aglialoro A, Chiambretti A et al. Impact of severe and symptomatic hypoglycemia on quality of life and fear of hypoglycemia in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Results of the Hypos-1 observational study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2019;29:(736–743).
  • 31. Özkaptan BB, Kapucu S, Demirci İ. Relationship between adherence to treatment and acceptance of illness in patients with type 2 diabetes. Cukurova Med J. 2019;44(1):447–54.
  • 32. Przezak A, Bielka W, Molęda P. Fear of hypoglycemia-An underestimated problem. Brain Behav. 2022;12(7):1–9.
  • 33. Polonsky WH, Fisher L, Hessler D. The impact of non-severe hypoglycemia on quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications. 2018;32(4):373–8.
  • 34. Shi Min Ko M, Kit Lee W, Chang Ang L, Goh SY, Mong Bee Y, Ming Teh M. A Cross-Sectional study on risk factors for severe hypoglycemia among Insulin-Treated elderly type 2 diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients in Singapore. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022;185(February):109236.
  • 35. Kav S, Yilmaz AA, Bulut Y, Dogan N. Self-efficacy, depression and self-care activities of people with type 2 diabetes in Turkey. Collegian. 2017;24(1):27–35.
  • 36. Gedik S, Kocoglu D. Self-efficacy level among patients with type 2 diabetes living in rural areas. Rural Remote Health. 2018;18(1):4262.
  • 37. Tekin Yanık Y, Erol Ö. Tip 2 Diyabetli Bireylerin öz-yeterlilik düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi. Journal of Anatolia Nursing and Health Sciences. 2016;19(3):166-174.
  • 38. Akturk U, Aydinalp E. Examining the correlation between the acceptance of the disease and the diabetes self- efficacy of the diabetic patients in a family health center. Annals of Medical Research. 2018;25(3):359-64.
  • 39. Farley H. Promoting self-efficacy in patients with chronic disease beyond traditional education: A literature review. Nursing Open. 2020;7:30–41.
  • 40. Arslan S, Kılıç M, Toğan M. Diyabetli hastalara verilen eğitim ve izlemlerin öz - etkililik düzeyi ve sağlık inancına etkisi. Kocaeli Med J. 2021;10:171–82.
  • 41. Canbolat Ö, Ekenler Ş, Polat Ü. Diyabet özyönetiminde engeller ve kolaylaştırıcılar. SDÜ Tıp Fak Derg. 2022:29(1):143-148
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Hemşirelik, Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Bilge Bal Özkaptan 0000-0001-9388-8333

İnci Demirci 0000-0003-2295-0077

Proje Numarası Yoktur
Yayımlanma Tarihi 14 Mart 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 29 Eylül 2022
Kabul Tarihi 10 Ocak 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 30 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Bal Özkaptan B, Demirci İ. İNSÜLİN KULLANAN DİYABETLİ HASTALARDA HİPOGLİSEMİ KORKUSU VE ÖZ-YETERLİLİK ALGISI İLE İLİŞKİLİ FAKTÖRLERİN BELİRLENMESİ. SDÜ Tıp Fak Derg. 2023;30(1):25-36.

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Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi/Medical Journal of Süleyman Demirel University is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International.