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Salgının Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olan Kişilerin Bakıcıları Üzerindeki Etkisi: bir kapsam incelemesi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 543 - 560, 31.12.2023

Odete Nombora Andreia Certo

https://doi.org/10.25279/sak.1087315

Öz

Introdução: Pessoas com Perturbações do Espectro do Autismo (PEA) têm dificuldade de adaptação às mudanças e novas rotinas, principalmente em situações de crise como uma pandemia. Tal proporciona maior responsabilidade e stress emocional aos cuidadores, podendo ter consequências negativas para a sua saúde mental. Portanto, é crucial criar estratégias de coping e de promoção de saúde mental nesta população. Pretende-se fazer uma reflexão sobre o impacto da pandemia na saúde mental dos cuidadores de pessoas com PEA e identificar estratégias que podem ser adotadas e medidas preventivas.Material e Método: revisão de escopo da literatura publicada sobre o tópico na base de dados PubMed/MEDLINE. Resultados: Os resultados realçam o stress emocional vivenciado pelos cuidadores de pessoas com PEA durante a pandemia da COVID-19. A interrupção do suporte nos serviços de saúde, o encerramento de escolas e de instituições de apoio socio-ocupacional e as demandas domésticas, foram alguns dos desafios identificados. Destaca-se o papel da continuidade dos cuidados para famílias de pessoas com PEA durante a pandemia e a necessidade de implementar programas de suporte flexíveis e oportunos. A telemedicina, foi das intervenções mais realçadas para a continuidade dos cuidados e implementação de medidas de apoio e suporte dos cuidadores. Conclusões: A pandemia da COVID-19 afetou negativamente a saúde mental de pessoas com PEA e dos seus cuidadores. É importante impulsionar a expansão e desenvolvimento de programas de apoio e intervenções adaptadas. É necessário trabalho multidisciplinar para ultrapassar os desafios impostos pela pandemia, tanto no momento atual, como no período pós-pandémico.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Covid-19 Otizm spektrum bozukluğu Otizm Bakıcılar Ebeveynler Ruh sağlığı

Kaynakça

  • Akhani, A., Dehghani, M., Gharraee, B., & Shooshtari, M. H. (2021). Parent training intervention for autism symptoms, functional emotional development, and parental stress in children with autism disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 62, 102735. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102735
  • Alhuzimi, T. (2021). Stress and emotional wellbeing of parents due to change in routine for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) at home during COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 108, 103822. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103822
  • Althiabi, Y. (2021). Attitude, anxiety and perceived mental health care needs among parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Saudi Arabia during COVID-19 pandemic. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 111, 103873. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103873
  • Bhat, A. (2021). Analysis of the SPARK study COVID-19 parent survey: Early impact of the pandemic on access to services, child/parent mental health, and benefits of online services. Autism Research, 14(11), 2454-2470. doi:10.1002/aur.2618
  • Chan, R. C. H., & Fung, S. C. (2021). Elevated Levels of COVID-19-Related Stress and Mental Health Problems Among Parents of Children with Developmental Disorders During the Pandemic. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 52(3), 1314–1325. doi:10.1007/s10803-021-05004-w
  • Chen, S. D., Yu, Y., Li, X. K., Chen, S. Q., & Ren, J. (2021). Parental Self-Efficacy and Behavioral Problems in Children with Autism During COVID-19: A Moderated Mediation Model of Parenting Stress and Perceived Social Support. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 14, 1291-1301. doi:10.2147/prbm.S327377
  • Corbett, B. A., Muscatello, R. A., Klemencic, M. E., & Schwartzman, J. M. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 on stress, anxiety, and coping in youth with and without autism and their parents. Autism Research, 14(7), 1496-1511. doi:10.1002/aur.2521
  • Corona, L. L., Stainbrook, J. A., Simcoe, K., Wagner, L., Fowler, B., Weitlauf, A. S., et al. (2021). Utilization of telemedicine to support caregivers of young children with ASD and their Part C service providers: a comparison of intervention outcomes across three models of service delivery. Journal of Neurodevevelpmental Disorders, 13(1), 38. doi:10.1186/s11689-021-09387-w
  • Dababnah, S., Kim, I., Wang, Y., & Reyes, C. (2021). Brief Report: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Asian American Families with Children with Developmental Disabilities. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 1-14. doi:10.1007/s10882-021-09810-z
  • Degli Espinosa, F., Metko, A., Raimondi, M., Impenna, M., & Scognamiglio, E. (2020). A Model of Support for Families of Children With Autism Living in the COVID-19 Lockdown: Lessons From Italy. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 13(3), 1-9. doi:10.1007/s40617-020-00438-7
  • Dhiman, S., Sahu, P. K., Reed, W. R., Ganesh, G. S., Goyal, R. K., & Jain, S. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on mental health and perceived strain among caregivers tending children with special needs. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 107, 103790. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103790
  • Friesen, K. A., Weiss, J. A., Howe, S. J., Kerns, C. M., & McMorris, C. A. (2021). Mental Health and Resilient Coping in Caregivers of Autistic Individuals during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings from the Families Facing COVID Study. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 1-11. doi:10.1007/s10803-021-05177-4
  • Gillespie-Smith, K., McConachie, D., Ballantyne, C., Auyeung, B., & Goodall, K. (2021). The Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Psychological Distress in Family Caregivers of Children with Neurodevelopmental Disability in the UK. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 1-15. doi:10.1007/s10803-021-05132-3
  • Iovino, E. A., Caemmerer, J., & Chafouleas, S. M. (2021). Psychological distress and burden among family caregivers of children with and without developmental disabilities six months into the COVID-19 pandemic. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 114, 103983. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103983
  • Kalb, L. G., Badillo-Goicoechea, E., Holingue, C., Riehm, K. E., Thrul, J., Stuart, E. A., et al. (2021). Psychological distress among caregivers raising a child with autism spectrum disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic. Autism Research, 14(10), 2183-2188. doi:10.1002/aur.2589
  • Ketcheson, L. R., & Pitchford, E. A. (2021). Promoting physical activity participation and nutrition education through a telehealth intervention for children on the autism spectrum and their caregivers. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 107, 106496. doi:10.1016/j.cct.2021.106496
  • Khan, Y. S., Khan, A. W., Tahir, M. E., Hammoudeh, S., Shamlawi, M. A., & Alabdulla, M. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 pandemic social restrictions on individuals with autism spectrum disorder and their caregivers in the Stateof Qatar: A cross-sectional study. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 119, 104090. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2021.104090
  • Levante, A., Petrocchi, S., Bianco, F., Castelli, I., Colombi, C., Keller, R., et al. (2021). Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on Families of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Typically Developing Peers: An Online Survey. Brain Sciences, 11(6). doi:10.3390/brainsci11060808
  • Lim, T. S. H., Tan, M. Y., Aishworiya, R., Kang, Y. Q., Koh, M. Y., Shen, L., & Chong, S. C. (2021). Factors Contributing to Psychological Ill-Effects and Resilience of Caregivers of Children with Developmental Disabilities During a Nation-wide Lockdown During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 1-11. doi:10.1007/s10803-021-05180-9
  • Liu, G., Wang, S., Liao, J., Ou, P., Huang, L., Xie, N., et al. (2021). The Efficacy of WeChat-Based Parenting Training on the Psychological Well-being of Mothers With Children With Autism During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Quasi-Experimental Study. JMIR Mental Health, 8(2), e23917. doi:10.2196/23917
  • Lugo-Marín, J., Gisbert-Gustemps, L., Setien-Ramos, I., Español-Martín, G., Ibañez-Jimenez, P., Forner-Puntonet, M., et al. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic effects in people with Autism Spectrum Disorder and their caregivers: Evaluation of social distancing and lockdown impact on mental health and general status. Research in autism spectrum disorders, 83, 101757. doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2021.101757
  • Manning, J., Billian, J., Matson, J., Allen, C., & Soares, N. (2021). Perceptions of Families of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder during the COVID-19 Crisis. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 51(8), 2920-2928. doi:10.1007/s10803-020-04760-5
  • McDevitt, S. E. (2021). While quarantined: An online parent education and training model for families of children with autism in China. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 109, 103851. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103851
  • Pecor, K. W., Barbayannis, G., Yang, M., Johnson, J., Materasso, S., Borda, M., et al. (2021). Quality of Life Changes during the COVID-19 Pandemic for Caregivers of Children with ADHD and/or ASD. Internacional Journal Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7). doi:10.3390/ijerph18073667
  • Polónyiová, K., Belica, I., Celušáková, H., Janšáková, K., Kopčíková, M., Szapuová, Ž., & Ostatníková, D. (2021). Comparing the impact of the first and second wave of COVID-19 lockdown on Slovak families with typically developing children and children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism. doi:10.1177/13623613211051480
  • Provenzi, L., Grumi, S., Gardani, A., Aramini, V., Dargenio, E., Naboni, C., et al. (2021). Italian parents welcomed a telehealth family-centred rehabilitation programme for children with disability during COVID-19 lockdown. Acta Paediatrica, 110(1), 194-196. doi:10.1111/apa.15636
  • Samadi, S. A., Bakhshalizadeh-Moradi, S., Khandani, F., Foladgar, M., Poursaid-Mohammad, M., & McConkey, R. (2020). Using Hybrid Telepractice for Supporting Parents of Children with ASD during the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Feasibility Study in Iran. Brain Science, 10(11). doi:10.3390/brainsci10110892
  • Tarbox, C. M., Silverman, E. A., Chastain, A. N., Little, A., Bermudez, T. L., & Tarbox, J. (2020). Taking ACTion: 18 Simple Strategies for Supporting Children With Autism During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 14(4), 1-29. doi:10.1007/s40617-020-00448-5
  • Tokatly Latzer, I., Leitner, Y., & Karnieli-Miller, O. (2021). Core experiences of parents of children with autism during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Autism, 25(4), 1047-1059. doi:10.1177/1362361320984317
  • Vallefuoco, E., Purpura, G., Gison, G., Bonifacio, A., Tagliabue, L., Broggi, F., et al. (2021). A Multidisciplinary Telerehabilitation Approach for Supporting Social Interaction in Autism Spectrum Disorder Families: An Italian Digital Platform in Response to COVID-19. Brain Science, 11(11). doi:10.3390/brainsci11111404
  • Wang, L., Li, D., Pan, S., Zhai, J., Xia, W., Sun, C., & Zou, M. (2021). The relationship between 2019-nCoV and psychological distress among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. Global Health, 17(1), 23. doi:10.1186/s12992-021-00674-8
  • White, S. W., Stoppelbein, L., Scott, H., & Spain, D. (2021). It took a pandemic: Perspectives on impact, stress, and telehealth from caregivers of people with autism. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 113, 103938. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103938
  • Yi, Z., & Dixon, M. R. (2021). Developing and Enhancing Adherence to a Telehealth ABA Parent Training Curriculum for Caregivers of Children with Autism. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 14(1), 58-74. doi:10.1007/s40617-020-00464-5

TO Impacto Da Pandemıa Nos Cuıdadores De Pessoas Com Perturbações Do Espectro Do Autısmo: uma revisão de escopo

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 543 - 560, 31.12.2023

Odete Nombora Andreia Certo

https://doi.org/10.25279/sak.1087315

Öz

Introduction: People with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have difficulty adapting to changes and new routines, especially in crisis situations such as a pandemic. This provides caregivers with greater responsibility and emotional stress, which can have negative consequences for their mental health. Therefore, it is crucial to create coping and mental health promotion strategies in this population. We aim to reflect on the impact of the pandemic on the mental health of caregivers of people with ASD and identify strategies that can be adopted and preventive measures.

Material and Methods: a scoping review of the literature published on the topic using PubMed/MEDLINE database. Results: The results highlight the emotional stress experienced by caregivers of people with ASD during the COVID-19 pandemic. The interruption of support in health services, the closure of schools and socio-occupational support institutions and domestic demands were some of the challenges identified. The role of continuity of care for families of people with ASD during the pandemic and the need to implement flexible and timely support programs is highlighted. Telemedicine was one of the most highlighted interventions for the continuity of care and the implementation of support measures for caregivers. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected the mental health of people with ASD and their caregivers. It is important to drive the expansion and development of support programs and adapted interventions. Multidisciplinary work is needed to overcome the challenges imposed by the pandemic, both at the current moment and in the post-pandemic period.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Covid-19 Autism spectrum disorder Autism caregivers parents mental health

Kaynakça

  • Akhani, A., Dehghani, M., Gharraee, B., & Shooshtari, M. H. (2021). Parent training intervention for autism symptoms, functional emotional development, and parental stress in children with autism disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 62, 102735. doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102735
  • Alhuzimi, T. (2021). Stress and emotional wellbeing of parents due to change in routine for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) at home during COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 108, 103822. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103822
  • Althiabi, Y. (2021). Attitude, anxiety and perceived mental health care needs among parents of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Saudi Arabia during COVID-19 pandemic. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 111, 103873. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103873
  • Bhat, A. (2021). Analysis of the SPARK study COVID-19 parent survey: Early impact of the pandemic on access to services, child/parent mental health, and benefits of online services. Autism Research, 14(11), 2454-2470. doi:10.1002/aur.2618
  • Chan, R. C. H., & Fung, S. C. (2021). Elevated Levels of COVID-19-Related Stress and Mental Health Problems Among Parents of Children with Developmental Disorders During the Pandemic. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 52(3), 1314–1325. doi:10.1007/s10803-021-05004-w
  • Chen, S. D., Yu, Y., Li, X. K., Chen, S. Q., & Ren, J. (2021). Parental Self-Efficacy and Behavioral Problems in Children with Autism During COVID-19: A Moderated Mediation Model of Parenting Stress and Perceived Social Support. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 14, 1291-1301. doi:10.2147/prbm.S327377
  • Corbett, B. A., Muscatello, R. A., Klemencic, M. E., & Schwartzman, J. M. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 on stress, anxiety, and coping in youth with and without autism and their parents. Autism Research, 14(7), 1496-1511. doi:10.1002/aur.2521
  • Corona, L. L., Stainbrook, J. A., Simcoe, K., Wagner, L., Fowler, B., Weitlauf, A. S., et al. (2021). Utilization of telemedicine to support caregivers of young children with ASD and their Part C service providers: a comparison of intervention outcomes across three models of service delivery. Journal of Neurodevevelpmental Disorders, 13(1), 38. doi:10.1186/s11689-021-09387-w
  • Dababnah, S., Kim, I., Wang, Y., & Reyes, C. (2021). Brief Report: Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Asian American Families with Children with Developmental Disabilities. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 1-14. doi:10.1007/s10882-021-09810-z
  • Degli Espinosa, F., Metko, A., Raimondi, M., Impenna, M., & Scognamiglio, E. (2020). A Model of Support for Families of Children With Autism Living in the COVID-19 Lockdown: Lessons From Italy. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 13(3), 1-9. doi:10.1007/s40617-020-00438-7
  • Dhiman, S., Sahu, P. K., Reed, W. R., Ganesh, G. S., Goyal, R. K., & Jain, S. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on mental health and perceived strain among caregivers tending children with special needs. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 107, 103790. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103790
  • Friesen, K. A., Weiss, J. A., Howe, S. J., Kerns, C. M., & McMorris, C. A. (2021). Mental Health and Resilient Coping in Caregivers of Autistic Individuals during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings from the Families Facing COVID Study. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 1-11. doi:10.1007/s10803-021-05177-4
  • Gillespie-Smith, K., McConachie, D., Ballantyne, C., Auyeung, B., & Goodall, K. (2021). The Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Psychological Distress in Family Caregivers of Children with Neurodevelopmental Disability in the UK. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 1-15. doi:10.1007/s10803-021-05132-3
  • Iovino, E. A., Caemmerer, J., & Chafouleas, S. M. (2021). Psychological distress and burden among family caregivers of children with and without developmental disabilities six months into the COVID-19 pandemic. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 114, 103983. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103983
  • Kalb, L. G., Badillo-Goicoechea, E., Holingue, C., Riehm, K. E., Thrul, J., Stuart, E. A., et al. (2021). Psychological distress among caregivers raising a child with autism spectrum disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic. Autism Research, 14(10), 2183-2188. doi:10.1002/aur.2589
  • Ketcheson, L. R., & Pitchford, E. A. (2021). Promoting physical activity participation and nutrition education through a telehealth intervention for children on the autism spectrum and their caregivers. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 107, 106496. doi:10.1016/j.cct.2021.106496
  • Khan, Y. S., Khan, A. W., Tahir, M. E., Hammoudeh, S., Shamlawi, M. A., & Alabdulla, M. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 pandemic social restrictions on individuals with autism spectrum disorder and their caregivers in the Stateof Qatar: A cross-sectional study. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 119, 104090. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2021.104090
  • Levante, A., Petrocchi, S., Bianco, F., Castelli, I., Colombi, C., Keller, R., et al. (2021). Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on Families of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Typically Developing Peers: An Online Survey. Brain Sciences, 11(6). doi:10.3390/brainsci11060808
  • Lim, T. S. H., Tan, M. Y., Aishworiya, R., Kang, Y. Q., Koh, M. Y., Shen, L., & Chong, S. C. (2021). Factors Contributing to Psychological Ill-Effects and Resilience of Caregivers of Children with Developmental Disabilities During a Nation-wide Lockdown During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 1-11. doi:10.1007/s10803-021-05180-9
  • Liu, G., Wang, S., Liao, J., Ou, P., Huang, L., Xie, N., et al. (2021). The Efficacy of WeChat-Based Parenting Training on the Psychological Well-being of Mothers With Children With Autism During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Quasi-Experimental Study. JMIR Mental Health, 8(2), e23917. doi:10.2196/23917
  • Lugo-Marín, J., Gisbert-Gustemps, L., Setien-Ramos, I., Español-Martín, G., Ibañez-Jimenez, P., Forner-Puntonet, M., et al. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic effects in people with Autism Spectrum Disorder and their caregivers: Evaluation of social distancing and lockdown impact on mental health and general status. Research in autism spectrum disorders, 83, 101757. doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2021.101757
  • Manning, J., Billian, J., Matson, J., Allen, C., & Soares, N. (2021). Perceptions of Families of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder during the COVID-19 Crisis. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 51(8), 2920-2928. doi:10.1007/s10803-020-04760-5
  • McDevitt, S. E. (2021). While quarantined: An online parent education and training model for families of children with autism in China. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 109, 103851. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103851
  • Pecor, K. W., Barbayannis, G., Yang, M., Johnson, J., Materasso, S., Borda, M., et al. (2021). Quality of Life Changes during the COVID-19 Pandemic for Caregivers of Children with ADHD and/or ASD. Internacional Journal Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7). doi:10.3390/ijerph18073667
  • Polónyiová, K., Belica, I., Celušáková, H., Janšáková, K., Kopčíková, M., Szapuová, Ž., & Ostatníková, D. (2021). Comparing the impact of the first and second wave of COVID-19 lockdown on Slovak families with typically developing children and children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism. doi:10.1177/13623613211051480
  • Provenzi, L., Grumi, S., Gardani, A., Aramini, V., Dargenio, E., Naboni, C., et al. (2021). Italian parents welcomed a telehealth family-centred rehabilitation programme for children with disability during COVID-19 lockdown. Acta Paediatrica, 110(1), 194-196. doi:10.1111/apa.15636
  • Samadi, S. A., Bakhshalizadeh-Moradi, S., Khandani, F., Foladgar, M., Poursaid-Mohammad, M., & McConkey, R. (2020). Using Hybrid Telepractice for Supporting Parents of Children with ASD during the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Feasibility Study in Iran. Brain Science, 10(11). doi:10.3390/brainsci10110892
  • Tarbox, C. M., Silverman, E. A., Chastain, A. N., Little, A., Bermudez, T. L., & Tarbox, J. (2020). Taking ACTion: 18 Simple Strategies for Supporting Children With Autism During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 14(4), 1-29. doi:10.1007/s40617-020-00448-5
  • Tokatly Latzer, I., Leitner, Y., & Karnieli-Miller, O. (2021). Core experiences of parents of children with autism during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Autism, 25(4), 1047-1059. doi:10.1177/1362361320984317
  • Vallefuoco, E., Purpura, G., Gison, G., Bonifacio, A., Tagliabue, L., Broggi, F., et al. (2021). A Multidisciplinary Telerehabilitation Approach for Supporting Social Interaction in Autism Spectrum Disorder Families: An Italian Digital Platform in Response to COVID-19. Brain Science, 11(11). doi:10.3390/brainsci11111404
  • Wang, L., Li, D., Pan, S., Zhai, J., Xia, W., Sun, C., & Zou, M. (2021). The relationship between 2019-nCoV and psychological distress among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. Global Health, 17(1), 23. doi:10.1186/s12992-021-00674-8
  • White, S. W., Stoppelbein, L., Scott, H., & Spain, D. (2021). It took a pandemic: Perspectives on impact, stress, and telehealth from caregivers of people with autism. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 113, 103938. doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2021.103938
  • Yi, Z., & Dixon, M. R. (2021). Developing and Enhancing Adherence to a Telehealth ABA Parent Training Curriculum for Caregivers of Children with Autism. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 14(1), 58-74. doi:10.1007/s40617-020-00464-5
Toplam 33 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Psikiyatri
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Odete Nombora 0000-0001-9847-499X

Andreia Certo Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-8021-7573

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 4 Ocak 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 14 Mart 2022
Kabul Tarihi 3 Mart 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Nombora, O., & Certo, A. (2023). TO Impacto Da Pandemıa Nos Cuıdadores De Pessoas Com Perturbações Do Espectro Do Autısmo: uma revisão de escopo. Sağlık Akademisi Kastamonu, 8(3), 543-560. https://doi.org/10.25279/sak.1087315
 Kapak Resmi İndir

Sağlık Akademisi Kastamonu, 2017 yılından itibaren UAK doçentlik kriterlerine göre 1-b dergiler (SCI, SSCI, SCI-expanded, ESCI dışındaki uluslararası indekslerde taranan dergiler) sınıfında yer almaktadır. SAĞLIK AKADEMİSİ KASTAMONU Dergi kapağı Türk Patent Enstitüsü tarafından tescil edilmiştir.