Diş Hekimliğinde Sanal Gerçeklik Uygulamaları

Bilal Özmen; Aysuhan Ceyhan

doi:10.51122/neudentj.2023.81

Derleme

Diş Hekimliğinde Sanal Gerçeklik Uygulamaları

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 224 - 231, 27.12.2023

Bilal Özmen Aysuhan Ceyhan

https://doi.org/10.51122/neudentj.2023.81

Öz

Sanal gerçeklik, teknoloji yardımıyla oluşturulan simülasyonlar ve görsel/işitsel deneyimlerle gerçeklik ve hayal dünyasının birleştirilmesidir. İlk olarak, sanal gerçeklik teknolojisi eğlence sektöründe yaygın olarak kullanılmıştır. Zamanla sanal gerçeklik teknolojisi eğitim, sağlık, endüstri, üretim gibi farklı sektörlerde de kullanım alanı bulmuştur. Sanal gerçeklik teknolojisinin diş hekimliği alanında kullanımı önemli bir gelişmedir. Diş hekimliğinde sanal gerçeklik uygulamaları hem eğitim ve simülasyonda hem de hastaların tedavi sürecindeki deneyimlerinin iyileştirilmesi açısından değerli bir araç olmuştur. Eğitim ve simülasyon alanında sanal gerçeklik, diş hekimliği öğrencilerine ve profesyonellerine gerçekçi bir ortamda pratik yapma imkânı sunar. Öğrenciler, sanal ortamlarda diş tedavilerini uygulayarak pratik becerilerini geliştirebilir ve karmaşık prosedürleri tekrarlayarak deneyim kazanabilirler. Ayrıca sanal gerçeklik simülasyonları, yeni tekniklerin öğrenilmesi ve mevcut becerilerin güncellenmesi için etkili bir araçtır. Hastaların tedavi sürecinde endişe ve korku gibi duygusal faktörleri hafifletmeye yardımcı olur. Özellikle dental fobisi olan hastalar için sanal gerçeklik kullanılarak rahatlatıcı bir ortam yaratılabilir ve tedaviye uyumlarını arttırabilir. Sanal gerçeklik, görsel ve işitsel simülasyonlarla ağrıyı azaltabilir ve tedavi sürecini daha hoş bir deneyim haline getirebilir. Diş hekimliğindeki diğer bir kullanım alanı ise tedavi planlaması ve tasarımında sanal gerçeklik kullanımıdır. Bu sayede kişiye özgü tedavi planları oluşturulabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dental Anksiyete, Diş Hekimliği, Sanal Gerçeklik

Kaynakça

1. Gallo L, Minutolo A, De Pietro G. A user interface for VR ready 3D medical imaging by off the shelf input devices. Comput Biol Med. 2010; 40:350–8.
2. Sherman WR, Craig AB. Understanding virtual reality. 1st ed. San Francisco: Morgan Kauffman; 2003. 18p. 3. Ryan ML. Immersion vs. interactivity: virtual reality and literary theory. SubStance 1999; 28:110-37.
4. Slater M, Wilbur S. A framework for immersive vir-tual environments (FIVE): Speculations on the role of presence in virtual environments. Presence-Teleop Virt. 1997; 6:603-16.
5. Steuer J. Defining virtual reality: dimensions deter-mining telepresence. J Commun. 1992; 42:73-93.
6. Gold JI, Mahrer NE. Is virtual reality ready for prime time in the medical space a randomized control trial of pediatric virtual reality for acute procedural pain management. J Pediatr Psychol. 2018; 43: 266–75.
7. Botella C, Osma J, Garcia-Palacios A, Quero S, Baños RM. Treatment of flying phobia using virtual reality: data from a 1 year follow up using a multiple baseli-ne design. Clin Psychol Psychot. 2004; 11:311–23.
8. Gordon C, Roopchand-Martin S, Gregg A. Potential of the Nintendo Wii™ as a rehabilitation tool for child-ren with cerebral palsy in a developing country: a pi-lot study. Physiotherapy. 2012; 98, 238-42.
9. Keefe FJ, Huling DA, Coggins MJ, Keefe DF, Rosenthal MZ, Herr NR, et al. Virtual reality for persistent pain: a new direction for behavioral pain management. Pain. 2012;153, 2163.
10. Hoffman HG, Doctor JN, Patterson DR, Carrougher GJ, Furness TA. Virtual reality as an adjunctive pain control during burn wound care in adolescent pati-ents. Pain. 2000; 85:305–9.
11. Hua Y, Qiu R, Yao WY, Zhang Q, Chen XL. The effect of virtual reality distraction on pain relief during dres-sing changes in children with chronic wounds on lower limbs. Pain Manag Nurs. 2015; 16:685–91.
12. Valverde NL, Fernández JM, López-Valverde A, Valero Juan LF, Ramírez JM, Flores Fraile J, et al. Use of vir-tual reality for the management of anxiety and pain in dental treatments: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Med. 2020; 9, 1025.
13. Felemban OM, Alshamrani RM, Aljeddawi DH, Bagher SM. Effect of virtual reality distraction on pain and anxiety during infiltration anesthesia in pediatric pa-tients: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Oral Health. 2021; 21, 321.
14. Rodrigues P, Esteves A, Botelho J, Machado V, Zagalo C, Zorzal ER, et al. Usability, acceptance, and educati-onal usefulness study of a new haptic operative den-tistry virtual reality simulator. Comput Methods and Programs Biomed. 2022; 221, 106831.
15. Sullivan C, Schneider PE, Musselman RJ, Dummett CO Jr, Gardiner D. The effect of virtual reality during den-tal treatment on child anxiety and behavior. ASDC J Dent Child. 2000; 67:193–6.
16. Shetty V, Suresh LR, Hegde AM. Effect of virtual rea-lity distraction on pain and anxiety during dental tre-atment in 5 to 8 year old children. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2019; 43:97-102.
17. Doğaner YÇ, Aydoğan Ü, Yeşil H, Sarı O, Koç B. Genç bireylerde dental anksiyete ve ilişkili faktörler. Gul-hane Med J. 2015; 57, 160-4.
18. Rao DG, Havale R, Nagaraj M. Assessment of efficacy of virtual reality distraction in reducing pain percep-tion and anxiety in children aged 6–10 years: a beha-vioral interventional study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2019; 12:510–3.
19. Johnston M, Carpenter L. Relationship between preo-perative anxiety and postoperative state. Psychol Med. 1980; 10:361.
20. Calipel S, Lucas-Polomeni MM, Wodey E, Ecoffey C. Premedication in children: hypnosis versus midazo-lam. Paediatr Anesth. 2005; 15:275.
21. Raghav K, Van Wijk AJ, Abdullah F, Islam MN, Ber-natchez M, De Jongh A. Efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy for treatment of dental phobia: a randomized control trial. BMC Oral Health. 2016; 16: 25.
22. Wismeijer AA, Vingerhoets AJ. The use of virtual rea-lity and audiovisual eyeglass systems as adjunct analgesic techniques: a review of the literature. Ann Behav Med. 2005; 30:268–78.
23. Al-Namankany A, Petrie A, Ashley P. Video modelling and reducing anxiety related to dental injections a randomised clinical trial. Br Dent J. 2014; 216, 675–9.
24. Panda A. Effect of virtual reality distraction on pain perception during dental treatment in children. Int J Oral Care Res. 2017; 5, 278-81.
25. Al-Halabi MN, Bshara N, AlNerabieah Z. Effectiveness of audio visual distraction using virtual reality eyeglasses versus tablet device in child behavioral management during inferior alveolar nerve block. Anaesth Pain Intensive Care. 2018; 22:55–61.
26. Ran L, Zhao N, Fan L, Zhou P, Zhang C, Yu C. Applica-tion of virtual reality on non-drug behavioral mana-gement of short term dental procedure in child-ren. Trials. 2021; 22: 562.
27. Shetty V, Suresh LR, Hegde AM. Effect of virtual rea-lity distraction on pain and anxiety during dental tre-atment in 5 to 8 year old children. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2019; 43:97–102.
28. Rao DG, Havale R, Nagaraj M, Karobari NM, Latha AM, Tharay N, et al. Assessment of efficacy of virtual rea-lity distraction in reducing pain perception and anxi-ety in children aged 6–10 years: a behavioral ınter-ventional study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2019; 12:510–3.
29. Cunnıngham A, Mcpolin O, Fallıs R, Coyle C, Best P, Mckenna G. A systematic review of the use of virtual reality or dental smartphone applications as inter-ventions for management of paediatric dental anxiety. BMC Oral Health. 2021; 21: 244.
30. Qin Z, Zhou C, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Cao H, Li W, et al. Vir-tual reality for hypertension in tooth extraction: a randomized trial. J Dent Res. 2022; 101: 400-6.
31. Rantamaa HR, Kangas J, Jordan M, Mehtonen H, Mäkelä J, Ronkainen K, et al. Evaluation of virtual handles for dental implant manipulation in virtual reality implant planning procedure. Int J Comput As-sist Radiol Surg. 2022; 17: 1723–30.
32. Rantamaa HR, Kangas J, Jordan M, Mehtonen H, Mäkelä J, Ronkainen K, et al. Evaluation of voice commands for mode change in virtual reality implant planning procedure. Int J of Comput Assist Radiol Surg. 2022; 17: 1981–9.
33. Mladenovic R, Djordjevic F. Effectiveness of virtual reality as a distraction on anxiety and pain during impacted mandibular third molar surgery under local anesthesia. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2021; 122: e15–e20.
34. Arikatla VS, Tyagi M, Enquobahrie A, Nguyen T, Bla-key GH, White R, et al. High fidelity virtual reality orthognathic surgery simulator. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng. 2018; 10576: 1057612.
35. Qu M, Hou Y, Xu Y, Shen C, Zhu M, Xie L, et al. Precise positioning of an intraoral distractor using augmen-ted reality in patients with hemifacial microsomia. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2015;43: 106–12.
36. Scolozzi P,Bijlenga P. Removal of recurrent intraorbi-tal tumour using a system of augmented reality. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2017; 55, 962–4.
37. Zinser MJ, Mischkowski RA, Dreiseidler T, Thamm OC, Rothamel D, Zöller JE. Computer-assisted ort-hognathic surgery:waferless maxillary positioning, versatility, and accuracy of an image guided visuali-sation display. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2013; 51: 827–33.
38. Tripp DA, Neish NR, Sullivan MJ. What hurts during dental hygiene treatment. J Dent Hyg. 1998; 72: 25-30.
39. Alshatrat SM, Alotaibi R, Sirois M, Malkawi Z. The use of immersive virtual reality for pain control du-ring periodontal scaling and root planing procedures in dental hygiene clinic. Int J Dent Hyg. 2019; 17: 71–6.
40. Furman E, Jasinevicius TR, Bissada NF, Victoroff KZ, Skillicorn R, Buchner M. Virtual reality distraction for pain control during periodontal scaling and root planing procedures. J Am Dent Assoc. 2009; 140: 1508–16.
41. Coachman C, Calamita MA, Sesma N. Dynamic docu-mentation of the smile and the 2D/3D digital smile design process. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2017; 37:183-93.
42. Sailer I, Liu S, Mörzinger R, Lancelle M, Beeler T, Gross M, et al. Comparison of user satisfaction and image quality of fixed and mobile camera systems for 3-dimensional image capture of edentulous patients: a pilot clinical study. J Prosthet Dent. 2018; 120:520-4.
43. Popat H, Richmond S, Playle R, Marshall D, Rosin P, Cosker D. Three-dimensional motion analysis an exploratory study. Part 1: assessment of facial mo-vement. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2008; 11:216-23.
44. Riki GJ, Marjoke Vervoorn JB. Simulation in dentistry and oral health. In: Levine AI, DeMaria S, Schwartz AD, Sim AJ, editors. The comprehensive textbook of healthcare simulation. New York: NY Springer; 2013. p.329-40.
45. Quinn F, Keogh P, McDonald A, Hussey D. A pilot study comparing the effectiveness of conventional training and virtual reality simulation in the skills acquisition of junior dental students. Eur J Dent Educ. 2003; 7: 13–9.
46. Wright EF, Hendricson WD. Evaluation of a 3-D inte-ractive tooth atlas by dental students in dental ana-tomy and endodontics courses. J Dent Educ. 2010; 74: 110–22.
47. Bogacki RE, Best A, Abbey LM. Equivalence study of a dental anatomy computer assisted learning prog-ram. J Dent Educ. 2004; 68: 867–71.
48. Buchanan JA. Experience with virtual reality-based technology in teaching restorative dental procedures. J Dent Educ. 2004; 68: 1258–65.
49. Reyes Acuca MJ, Sánchez Lezama ZS, Capistrán-Sarmiento B, Teodoro Isneros A, Suárez-Franco JL, Cerda-Cristerna BI. Learning of the mental nerve block technique with dental anaesthesia simulation models builds motor skills and confidence in dental students. Eur J Dent Educ. 2020; 24: 491–8.
50. Reymus M, Liebermann A, Diegritz C. Virtual reality: an effective tool for teaching root canal anatomy to undergraduate dental students a preliminary study. Int Endod J. 2020; 53: 1581–7.
51. Zafar S, Siddiqi A, Yasir M, Zachar JJ. Pedagogical de-velopment in local anaesthetic training in paediatric dentistry using virtual reality simulator. Eur Arch Pediatr Dent. 2021; 22: 667–74.

Virtual Reality Applications in Dentistry

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 224 - 231, 27.12.2023

Bilal Özmen Aysuhan Ceyhan

https://doi.org/10.51122/neudentj.2023.81

Öz

Virtual reality is the combination of reality and imagination through the creation of simulations and audio/visual experiences using technology. Initially, virtual reality technology was widely used in the entertainment industry. Over time it has found applications in various sectors such as education, healthcare, industry, and manufacturing. The utilization of virtual reality technology in the field of dentistry is a significant advancement. Virtual reality applications in dentistry have been valuable tools for both education and improving the patient experience during treatment. In the area of education and simulation, virtual reality provides dental students and professionals with the opportunity to practice in a realistic environment. Students can enhance their practical skills by performing dental procedures in virtual settings and gain experience by repeating complex procedures. Additionally, virtual reality simulations are effective tools for learning new techniques and updating existing skills. Virtual reality helps alleviate emotional factors such as anxiety and fear during the patient's treatment process. It can create a soothing environment using virtual reality, particularly for patients with dental phobia, and enhance their compliance with the treatment. Virtual reality can reduce pain through visual and auditory simulations, making the treatment process a more pleasant experience. Another application of virtual reality in dentistry is its use in treatment planning and design. This enables the creation of personalized treatment plans for individuals.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dental Anxiety, Dentistry, Virtual Reality

Kaynakça

1. Gallo L, Minutolo A, De Pietro G. A user interface for VR ready 3D medical imaging by off the shelf input devices. Comput Biol Med. 2010; 40:350–8.
2. Sherman WR, Craig AB. Understanding virtual reality. 1st ed. San Francisco: Morgan Kauffman; 2003. 18p. 3. Ryan ML. Immersion vs. interactivity: virtual reality and literary theory. SubStance 1999; 28:110-37.
4. Slater M, Wilbur S. A framework for immersive vir-tual environments (FIVE): Speculations on the role of presence in virtual environments. Presence-Teleop Virt. 1997; 6:603-16.
5. Steuer J. Defining virtual reality: dimensions deter-mining telepresence. J Commun. 1992; 42:73-93.
6. Gold JI, Mahrer NE. Is virtual reality ready for prime time in the medical space a randomized control trial of pediatric virtual reality for acute procedural pain management. J Pediatr Psychol. 2018; 43: 266–75.
7. Botella C, Osma J, Garcia-Palacios A, Quero S, Baños RM. Treatment of flying phobia using virtual reality: data from a 1 year follow up using a multiple baseli-ne design. Clin Psychol Psychot. 2004; 11:311–23.
8. Gordon C, Roopchand-Martin S, Gregg A. Potential of the Nintendo Wii™ as a rehabilitation tool for child-ren with cerebral palsy in a developing country: a pi-lot study. Physiotherapy. 2012; 98, 238-42.
9. Keefe FJ, Huling DA, Coggins MJ, Keefe DF, Rosenthal MZ, Herr NR, et al. Virtual reality for persistent pain: a new direction for behavioral pain management. Pain. 2012;153, 2163.
10. Hoffman HG, Doctor JN, Patterson DR, Carrougher GJ, Furness TA. Virtual reality as an adjunctive pain control during burn wound care in adolescent pati-ents. Pain. 2000; 85:305–9.
11. Hua Y, Qiu R, Yao WY, Zhang Q, Chen XL. The effect of virtual reality distraction on pain relief during dres-sing changes in children with chronic wounds on lower limbs. Pain Manag Nurs. 2015; 16:685–91.
12. Valverde NL, Fernández JM, López-Valverde A, Valero Juan LF, Ramírez JM, Flores Fraile J, et al. Use of vir-tual reality for the management of anxiety and pain in dental treatments: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Med. 2020; 9, 1025.
13. Felemban OM, Alshamrani RM, Aljeddawi DH, Bagher SM. Effect of virtual reality distraction on pain and anxiety during infiltration anesthesia in pediatric pa-tients: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Oral Health. 2021; 21, 321.
14. Rodrigues P, Esteves A, Botelho J, Machado V, Zagalo C, Zorzal ER, et al. Usability, acceptance, and educati-onal usefulness study of a new haptic operative den-tistry virtual reality simulator. Comput Methods and Programs Biomed. 2022; 221, 106831.
15. Sullivan C, Schneider PE, Musselman RJ, Dummett CO Jr, Gardiner D. The effect of virtual reality during den-tal treatment on child anxiety and behavior. ASDC J Dent Child. 2000; 67:193–6.
16. Shetty V, Suresh LR, Hegde AM. Effect of virtual rea-lity distraction on pain and anxiety during dental tre-atment in 5 to 8 year old children. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2019; 43:97-102.
17. Doğaner YÇ, Aydoğan Ü, Yeşil H, Sarı O, Koç B. Genç bireylerde dental anksiyete ve ilişkili faktörler. Gul-hane Med J. 2015; 57, 160-4.
18. Rao DG, Havale R, Nagaraj M. Assessment of efficacy of virtual reality distraction in reducing pain percep-tion and anxiety in children aged 6–10 years: a beha-vioral interventional study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2019; 12:510–3.
19. Johnston M, Carpenter L. Relationship between preo-perative anxiety and postoperative state. Psychol Med. 1980; 10:361.
20. Calipel S, Lucas-Polomeni MM, Wodey E, Ecoffey C. Premedication in children: hypnosis versus midazo-lam. Paediatr Anesth. 2005; 15:275.
21. Raghav K, Van Wijk AJ, Abdullah F, Islam MN, Ber-natchez M, De Jongh A. Efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy for treatment of dental phobia: a randomized control trial. BMC Oral Health. 2016; 16: 25.
22. Wismeijer AA, Vingerhoets AJ. The use of virtual rea-lity and audiovisual eyeglass systems as adjunct analgesic techniques: a review of the literature. Ann Behav Med. 2005; 30:268–78.
23. Al-Namankany A, Petrie A, Ashley P. Video modelling and reducing anxiety related to dental injections a randomised clinical trial. Br Dent J. 2014; 216, 675–9.
24. Panda A. Effect of virtual reality distraction on pain perception during dental treatment in children. Int J Oral Care Res. 2017; 5, 278-81.
25. Al-Halabi MN, Bshara N, AlNerabieah Z. Effectiveness of audio visual distraction using virtual reality eyeglasses versus tablet device in child behavioral management during inferior alveolar nerve block. Anaesth Pain Intensive Care. 2018; 22:55–61.
26. Ran L, Zhao N, Fan L, Zhou P, Zhang C, Yu C. Applica-tion of virtual reality on non-drug behavioral mana-gement of short term dental procedure in child-ren. Trials. 2021; 22: 562.
27. Shetty V, Suresh LR, Hegde AM. Effect of virtual rea-lity distraction on pain and anxiety during dental tre-atment in 5 to 8 year old children. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2019; 43:97–102.
28. Rao DG, Havale R, Nagaraj M, Karobari NM, Latha AM, Tharay N, et al. Assessment of efficacy of virtual rea-lity distraction in reducing pain perception and anxi-ety in children aged 6–10 years: a behavioral ınter-ventional study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2019; 12:510–3.
29. Cunnıngham A, Mcpolin O, Fallıs R, Coyle C, Best P, Mckenna G. A systematic review of the use of virtual reality or dental smartphone applications as inter-ventions for management of paediatric dental anxiety. BMC Oral Health. 2021; 21: 244.
30. Qin Z, Zhou C, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Cao H, Li W, et al. Vir-tual reality for hypertension in tooth extraction: a randomized trial. J Dent Res. 2022; 101: 400-6.
31. Rantamaa HR, Kangas J, Jordan M, Mehtonen H, Mäkelä J, Ronkainen K, et al. Evaluation of virtual handles for dental implant manipulation in virtual reality implant planning procedure. Int J Comput As-sist Radiol Surg. 2022; 17: 1723–30.
32. Rantamaa HR, Kangas J, Jordan M, Mehtonen H, Mäkelä J, Ronkainen K, et al. Evaluation of voice commands for mode change in virtual reality implant planning procedure. Int J of Comput Assist Radiol Surg. 2022; 17: 1981–9.
33. Mladenovic R, Djordjevic F. Effectiveness of virtual reality as a distraction on anxiety and pain during impacted mandibular third molar surgery under local anesthesia. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2021; 122: e15–e20.
34. Arikatla VS, Tyagi M, Enquobahrie A, Nguyen T, Bla-key GH, White R, et al. High fidelity virtual reality orthognathic surgery simulator. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng. 2018; 10576: 1057612.
35. Qu M, Hou Y, Xu Y, Shen C, Zhu M, Xie L, et al. Precise positioning of an intraoral distractor using augmen-ted reality in patients with hemifacial microsomia. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2015;43: 106–12.
36. Scolozzi P,Bijlenga P. Removal of recurrent intraorbi-tal tumour using a system of augmented reality. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2017; 55, 962–4.
37. Zinser MJ, Mischkowski RA, Dreiseidler T, Thamm OC, Rothamel D, Zöller JE. Computer-assisted ort-hognathic surgery:waferless maxillary positioning, versatility, and accuracy of an image guided visuali-sation display. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2013; 51: 827–33.
38. Tripp DA, Neish NR, Sullivan MJ. What hurts during dental hygiene treatment. J Dent Hyg. 1998; 72: 25-30.
39. Alshatrat SM, Alotaibi R, Sirois M, Malkawi Z. The use of immersive virtual reality for pain control du-ring periodontal scaling and root planing procedures in dental hygiene clinic. Int J Dent Hyg. 2019; 17: 71–6.
40. Furman E, Jasinevicius TR, Bissada NF, Victoroff KZ, Skillicorn R, Buchner M. Virtual reality distraction for pain control during periodontal scaling and root planing procedures. J Am Dent Assoc. 2009; 140: 1508–16.
41. Coachman C, Calamita MA, Sesma N. Dynamic docu-mentation of the smile and the 2D/3D digital smile design process. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2017; 37:183-93.
42. Sailer I, Liu S, Mörzinger R, Lancelle M, Beeler T, Gross M, et al. Comparison of user satisfaction and image quality of fixed and mobile camera systems for 3-dimensional image capture of edentulous patients: a pilot clinical study. J Prosthet Dent. 2018; 120:520-4.
43. Popat H, Richmond S, Playle R, Marshall D, Rosin P, Cosker D. Three-dimensional motion analysis an exploratory study. Part 1: assessment of facial mo-vement. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2008; 11:216-23.
44. Riki GJ, Marjoke Vervoorn JB. Simulation in dentistry and oral health. In: Levine AI, DeMaria S, Schwartz AD, Sim AJ, editors. The comprehensive textbook of healthcare simulation. New York: NY Springer; 2013. p.329-40.
45. Quinn F, Keogh P, McDonald A, Hussey D. A pilot study comparing the effectiveness of conventional training and virtual reality simulation in the skills acquisition of junior dental students. Eur J Dent Educ. 2003; 7: 13–9.
46. Wright EF, Hendricson WD. Evaluation of a 3-D inte-ractive tooth atlas by dental students in dental ana-tomy and endodontics courses. J Dent Educ. 2010; 74: 110–22.
47. Bogacki RE, Best A, Abbey LM. Equivalence study of a dental anatomy computer assisted learning prog-ram. J Dent Educ. 2004; 68: 867–71.
48. Buchanan JA. Experience with virtual reality-based technology in teaching restorative dental procedures. J Dent Educ. 2004; 68: 1258–65.
49. Reyes Acuca MJ, Sánchez Lezama ZS, Capistrán-Sarmiento B, Teodoro Isneros A, Suárez-Franco JL, Cerda-Cristerna BI. Learning of the mental nerve block technique with dental anaesthesia simulation models builds motor skills and confidence in dental students. Eur J Dent Educ. 2020; 24: 491–8.
50. Reymus M, Liebermann A, Diegritz C. Virtual reality: an effective tool for teaching root canal anatomy to undergraduate dental students a preliminary study. Int Endod J. 2020; 53: 1581–7.
51. Zafar S, Siddiqi A, Yasir M, Zachar JJ. Pedagogical de-velopment in local anaesthetic training in paediatric dentistry using virtual reality simulator. Eur Arch Pediatr Dent. 2021; 22: 667–74.

Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Konular	Diş Hekimliği (Diğer)
Bölüm	DERLEME
Yazarlar	Bilal Özmen 0000-0002-4435-288X Aysuhan Ceyhan 0009-0007-8893-4498
Yayımlanma Tarihi	27 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi	19 Temmuz 2023
Kabul Tarihi	16 Ekim 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2023 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver	Özmen B, Ceyhan A. Diş Hekimliğinde Sanal Gerçeklik Uygulamaları. NEU Dent J. 2023;5(3):224-31.

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