Öz
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the pain catastrophizing and dental anxiety among dental students. Additionally, we explore the relation of pain catastrophizing scores with gender, pain intensity and dental treatment experience.
Material and Methods: This questionnaire study was conducted among dental students in 2020. The questionnaire, which was prepared via Google forms and students studying in different faculties of dentistry filled out the questionnaire via e-mail. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the Corah's Dental Anxiety Scale (C-DAS), and Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), helped the clinician examine how the participants felt and what they thought regarding pain, were used. Spearman's rho correlation was used to analyze the correlations between the variables. The MANOVA test was used to evaluate whether the main effects of gender, term, and treatment on C-DAS and PCS were significant.
Results: Of the total, 22.5% of the students were considered to be catastrophic individuals. According to the regression model, a one-unit increase in VAS value led to an increase of 0.164 in the total PCS score. Similarly, while the increase in the C-DAS score led to an increase of 0.575 in the PCS score, girls' PCS score was higher by 4.091.
Conclusion: Our study is the first to report the prevalence of pain catastrophizing among dental students and the effect of gender and PCS-subscales. The increased knowledge level of dental students about pain may effectively reduce the tendency toward pain catastrophizing.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Destekleyen Kurum
None
Proje Numarası
None
Teşekkür
None
Kaynakça
- 1. Merskey H, Albe-Fessard D, Bonica JJ, Carmon A, Dubner R, Kerr FWL, et al. Pain terms: a list with de-finitions and notes on usage. Pain. 1979; 6:249-52.
- 2. Merskey H, Bogduk N. Classification of chronic pain: description of chronic pain syndromes and definition of pain terms. Pain. 1986; 3:216-21.
- 3. Frischenschlager O, Pucher I. Psychological mana-gement of pain. Disabil Rehabil. 2002; 24:416-22. 4. Leila NM, Pirkko H, Eeva P, Eija K, Reino P. Training medical students to manage a chronic pain patient: Both knowledge and communication skills are nee-ded. Eur J Pain. 2006; 10:167.
- 5. Shipton EE, Bate F, Garrick R, Steketee C, Shipton EA, Visser EJ. Systematic review of pain medicine con-tent, teaching, and assessment in medical school cur-ricula internationally. Pain Ther. 2018; 7:139-61.
- 6. Sullivan MJ, Neish N. The effects of disclosure on pain during dental hygiene treatment: the moderating role of catastrophizing. Pain. 1999; 79:155-63.
- 7. Sullivan MJL, D'Eon JL. Relation between catastrop-hizing and depression in chronic pain patients. J Ab-nor Psychol. 1990; 99:260.
- 8. Sullivan MJL, Bishop S, Pivik J. The pain catastrophi-zing scale: development and validation. Psychol As-sess. 1995; 7:524.
- 9. Crombez G, Eccleston C, Baeyens F, Eelen P. When somatic information threatens, catastrophic thinking enhances attentional interference. Pain. 1998; 75:187-98.
- 10. Osman A, Barrios F, Kopper B, Hauptmann W, Jones J.Factor structure, reliability, and validity of the pain catastrophizing scale. J Behav Med. 1997; 20:589-605.
- 11. Altan A, Akkoç S, Erdil A, Çolak S, Demir O, Altan H. Effects of pain catastrophizing and anxiety on analge-sic use after surgical removal of impacted mandibu-lar third molars. J Dent Anesth Pain Med. 2019; 19:379-88.
- 12. Klingberg G, Broberg AG. Dental fear/anxiety and den-tal behaviour management problems in children and adolescents: a review of prevalence and concomitant psychological factors. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2007; 17:391-406.
- 13. Locker D, Thomson WM, Poulton R. Psychological disorder, conditioning experiences, and the onset of dental anxiety in early adulthood. J Dent Res. 2001; 80:1588-92.
- 14. Erten H, Akarslan ZZ, Bodrumlu E. Dental fear and anxiety levels of patients attending a dental clinic. Quintessence Int. 2006; 3: 304–10.
- 15. Al-Omari W, Al-Omiri M. Dental anxiety among uni-versity students and its correlation with their field of study. J Appl Oral Sci. 2009; 17:199-203.
- 16. Jasser RA, Almashaan G, Alwaalan H, Alkhzim N, Al-bougami A. Dental anxiety among dental, medical, and nursing students of two major universities in the central region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. BMC oral health. 2019; 19:1-5.
- 17. Peretz B, Mann J. Dental anxiety among Israeli dental students: a 4-year longitudinal study. Eur J Dent Educ. 2000; 4:133-7.
- 18. Alonso AA, Heima M, Lang LA, Teich ST. Dental stu-dents’ perceived level of competence in orofacial pain. J Dent Educ. 2014; 78:1379-87.
- 19. Klasser GD, Gremillion HA. Past, present, and future of predoctoral dental education in orofacial pain and TMDs: a call for interprofessional education. J. Dent. Educ. 2013; 77:395-400.
- 20. Sullivan MJ, Tripp DA, Santor D. Gender differences in pain and pain behavior: the role of catastrophizing. Cognit Ther Res. 2000; 24:121-34.
- 21. Keefe FJ, Lefebvre JC, Egert JR. The relationship of gender to pain, pain behavior, and disability in osteo-arthritis patients: the role of catastrophizing. Pain. 2000; 87:325-34.
- 22. Süren M, Okan I, Gökbakan AM, Kaya Z, Erkorkmaz Ü, Arıcı S, et al. Factors associated with the pain catast-rophizing scale and validation in a sample of the Turkish population. Turk J Med Sci. 2014; 44:104-8.
- 23. Sullivan MJL, Neish N. Catastrophizing, anxiety and pain during dental hygiene treatment. Comm Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1998; 26:344-9.
- 24. Sullivan MJL, Stanish W, Waite H, Sullivan ME, Tripp D. Catastrophizing, pain, and disability following soft tissue injuries. Pain. 1998; 77:253-60.
- 25. Heyneman NE, Fremouw WJ, Gano D, Kirkland F, He-iden L. Individual differences and the effectiveness of different coping strategies for pain. Cog Ther Res. 1990; 14:63-77.
- 26. Craner JR, Gilliam WP, Sperry JA. Rumination, magni-fication, and helplessness: how do different aspects of pain catastrophizing relate to pain severity and functioning? Clin J Pain. 2016, 32.12: 1028-35.
- 27. Marıć A, Banožıć A, Ćosıć A, Kraljevıć S, Sapunar D, Puljak L. Validation of the croatian pain catastrophi-zing scale through a study on the influence of medical education on pain catastrophizing. Period Biol. 2011; 113:171-5.
- 28. Granot M, Ferber SG. The roles of pain catastrophi-zing and anxiety in the prediction of postoperative pain intensity: a prospective study. Clin J Pain. 2005; 21:439-45.
- 29. Lin CS. Pain catastrophizing in dental patients: impli-cations for treatment management. JADA. 2013; 144:1244-51.
- 30. Korpela I, Vaununmaa K, Tolvanen M, Suominen A, Freeman R, Lahti S. Dental students and patients per-ceived importance and knowledge of dental anxiety. Eur J Dent Educ. 2019; 23:515-21.
- 31. Chowdhury CR, Khijmatgar S, Chowdhury A, Harding S, Lynch E, Gootveld M. Dental anxiety in first- and final-year Indian dental students. BDJ Open. 2019; 5:15.
- 32. Ergüven SS, Işık B, Kılınç Y. Comparative evaluation of dental anxiety and fear levels between first and fi-nal year dental students. Acta Odontol Turc. 2013; 30:70-6.
- 33. Menziletoğlu D, Akbulut MB, Büyükerkmen EB, Işık BK. Diş hekimliği fakültesi öğrencilerinin dental ank-siyete-korku düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi. Selcuk Dent J. 2018; 5:22-30.
Öz
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı diş hekimliği öğrencileri arasında ağrı felaketleştirme ve dental anksiyeteyi değerlendirmektir. Ek olarak, ağrı felaketleştirme puanlarının cinsiyet, ağrı şiddeti ve dental tedavi deneyimi ile ilişkisini araştırdık.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu anket çalışması 2020 yılında diş hekimliği öğrencileri arasında yapılmıştır. Google formları aracılığıyla hazırlanan anket ve farklı diş hekimliği fakültelerinde okuyan öğrenciler anketi e-posta yoluyla doldurmuştur. Görsel Analog Skala (VAS), Corah's Dental Anksiyete Skalası (C-DAS) ve Ağrı Felaket Skalası (PCS), klinisyenin katılımcıların nasıl hissettiklerini ve ağrı hakkında ne düşündüklerini incelemesine yardımcı oldu. Değişkenler arasındaki korelasyonları analiz etmek için Spearman's rho korelasyonu kullanıldı. MANOVA testi, cinsiyet, dönem ve tedavinin C-DAS ve PCS üzerindeki ana etkilerinin anlamlı olup olmadığını değerlendirmek için kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Öğrencilerin %22,5'i felaket durumdaki bireyler olarak değerlendirildi. Regresyon modeline göre VAS değerindeki bir birimlik artış toplam PCS puanında 0.164'lük bir artışa neden olmuştur. Benzer şekilde, C-DAS puanındaki artış, PCS puanında 0,575'lik bir artışa yol açarken, kızların PCS puanı 4.091'den daha yüksekti.
Sonuç: Çalışmamız diş hekimliği öğrencileri arasında ağrıyı felaketleştirme prevalansını ve cinsiyetin ve PCS-alt ölçeklerinin etkisini bildiren ilk çalışmadır. Diş hekimliği öğrencilerinin ağrı hakkında artan bilgi düzeyi, ağrıyı felaketleştirme eğilimini etkili bir şekilde azaltabilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Proje Numarası
None
Kaynakça
- 1. Merskey H, Albe-Fessard D, Bonica JJ, Carmon A, Dubner R, Kerr FWL, et al. Pain terms: a list with de-finitions and notes on usage. Pain. 1979; 6:249-52.
- 2. Merskey H, Bogduk N. Classification of chronic pain: description of chronic pain syndromes and definition of pain terms. Pain. 1986; 3:216-21.
- 3. Frischenschlager O, Pucher I. Psychological mana-gement of pain. Disabil Rehabil. 2002; 24:416-22. 4. Leila NM, Pirkko H, Eeva P, Eija K, Reino P. Training medical students to manage a chronic pain patient: Both knowledge and communication skills are nee-ded. Eur J Pain. 2006; 10:167.
- 5. Shipton EE, Bate F, Garrick R, Steketee C, Shipton EA, Visser EJ. Systematic review of pain medicine con-tent, teaching, and assessment in medical school cur-ricula internationally. Pain Ther. 2018; 7:139-61.
- 6. Sullivan MJ, Neish N. The effects of disclosure on pain during dental hygiene treatment: the moderating role of catastrophizing. Pain. 1999; 79:155-63.
- 7. Sullivan MJL, D'Eon JL. Relation between catastrop-hizing and depression in chronic pain patients. J Ab-nor Psychol. 1990; 99:260.
- 8. Sullivan MJL, Bishop S, Pivik J. The pain catastrophi-zing scale: development and validation. Psychol As-sess. 1995; 7:524.
- 9. Crombez G, Eccleston C, Baeyens F, Eelen P. When somatic information threatens, catastrophic thinking enhances attentional interference. Pain. 1998; 75:187-98.
- 10. Osman A, Barrios F, Kopper B, Hauptmann W, Jones J.Factor structure, reliability, and validity of the pain catastrophizing scale. J Behav Med. 1997; 20:589-605.
- 11. Altan A, Akkoç S, Erdil A, Çolak S, Demir O, Altan H. Effects of pain catastrophizing and anxiety on analge-sic use after surgical removal of impacted mandibu-lar third molars. J Dent Anesth Pain Med. 2019; 19:379-88.
- 12. Klingberg G, Broberg AG. Dental fear/anxiety and den-tal behaviour management problems in children and adolescents: a review of prevalence and concomitant psychological factors. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2007; 17:391-406.
- 13. Locker D, Thomson WM, Poulton R. Psychological disorder, conditioning experiences, and the onset of dental anxiety in early adulthood. J Dent Res. 2001; 80:1588-92.
- 14. Erten H, Akarslan ZZ, Bodrumlu E. Dental fear and anxiety levels of patients attending a dental clinic. Quintessence Int. 2006; 3: 304–10.
- 15. Al-Omari W, Al-Omiri M. Dental anxiety among uni-versity students and its correlation with their field of study. J Appl Oral Sci. 2009; 17:199-203.
- 16. Jasser RA, Almashaan G, Alwaalan H, Alkhzim N, Al-bougami A. Dental anxiety among dental, medical, and nursing students of two major universities in the central region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. BMC oral health. 2019; 19:1-5.
- 17. Peretz B, Mann J. Dental anxiety among Israeli dental students: a 4-year longitudinal study. Eur J Dent Educ. 2000; 4:133-7.
- 18. Alonso AA, Heima M, Lang LA, Teich ST. Dental stu-dents’ perceived level of competence in orofacial pain. J Dent Educ. 2014; 78:1379-87.
- 19. Klasser GD, Gremillion HA. Past, present, and future of predoctoral dental education in orofacial pain and TMDs: a call for interprofessional education. J. Dent. Educ. 2013; 77:395-400.
- 20. Sullivan MJ, Tripp DA, Santor D. Gender differences in pain and pain behavior: the role of catastrophizing. Cognit Ther Res. 2000; 24:121-34.
- 21. Keefe FJ, Lefebvre JC, Egert JR. The relationship of gender to pain, pain behavior, and disability in osteo-arthritis patients: the role of catastrophizing. Pain. 2000; 87:325-34.
- 22. Süren M, Okan I, Gökbakan AM, Kaya Z, Erkorkmaz Ü, Arıcı S, et al. Factors associated with the pain catast-rophizing scale and validation in a sample of the Turkish population. Turk J Med Sci. 2014; 44:104-8.
- 23. Sullivan MJL, Neish N. Catastrophizing, anxiety and pain during dental hygiene treatment. Comm Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1998; 26:344-9.
- 24. Sullivan MJL, Stanish W, Waite H, Sullivan ME, Tripp D. Catastrophizing, pain, and disability following soft tissue injuries. Pain. 1998; 77:253-60.
- 25. Heyneman NE, Fremouw WJ, Gano D, Kirkland F, He-iden L. Individual differences and the effectiveness of different coping strategies for pain. Cog Ther Res. 1990; 14:63-77.
- 26. Craner JR, Gilliam WP, Sperry JA. Rumination, magni-fication, and helplessness: how do different aspects of pain catastrophizing relate to pain severity and functioning? Clin J Pain. 2016, 32.12: 1028-35.
- 27. Marıć A, Banožıć A, Ćosıć A, Kraljevıć S, Sapunar D, Puljak L. Validation of the croatian pain catastrophi-zing scale through a study on the influence of medical education on pain catastrophizing. Period Biol. 2011; 113:171-5.
- 28. Granot M, Ferber SG. The roles of pain catastrophi-zing and anxiety in the prediction of postoperative pain intensity: a prospective study. Clin J Pain. 2005; 21:439-45.
- 29. Lin CS. Pain catastrophizing in dental patients: impli-cations for treatment management. JADA. 2013; 144:1244-51.
- 30. Korpela I, Vaununmaa K, Tolvanen M, Suominen A, Freeman R, Lahti S. Dental students and patients per-ceived importance and knowledge of dental anxiety. Eur J Dent Educ. 2019; 23:515-21.
- 31. Chowdhury CR, Khijmatgar S, Chowdhury A, Harding S, Lynch E, Gootveld M. Dental anxiety in first- and final-year Indian dental students. BDJ Open. 2019; 5:15.
- 32. Ergüven SS, Işık B, Kılınç Y. Comparative evaluation of dental anxiety and fear levels between first and fi-nal year dental students. Acta Odontol Turc. 2013; 30:70-6.
- 33. Menziletoğlu D, Akbulut MB, Büyükerkmen EB, Işık BK. Diş hekimliği fakültesi öğrencilerinin dental ank-siyete-korku düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi. Selcuk Dent J. 2018; 5:22-30.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Diş Hekimliği |
| Bölüm | ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | None |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 27 Aralık 2023 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 11 Nisan 2023 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 12 Temmuz 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3 |
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