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CO-PYROLYSIS OF GÖYNÜK OIL SHALE WITH POLYPROPYLENE AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PYROLYSIS LIQUID

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3, 247 - 264, 08.01.2017
https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.73561

Öz

This study is based on the purpose of obtaining high yields of liquid product by subjecting the oil shale sample taken from one of our country's important oil shale deposits and polypropylene (PP) mixtures to co-pyrolysis process. In this study, the oil shale sample and the polypropylene were firstly subjected to pyrolysis process, and then the mixture obtained by mixing of these at certain ratios was subjected to pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis experiments were performed at three different mixture ratios of 33%, 50% and 67% PP in the mixture, and in the temperature range of 600°C-800°C. The gas, liquid and solid product yields obtained as a result of the experiments were calculated, and the effect of PP which was added to oil shale and the changed pyrolysis temperature on the yield of liquid product was examined. As a result of the experiments, the highest liquid product yield was achieved in the mixture ratio containing 67% PP at 800°C. Various catalysts were added to the medium in which the highest liquid product yield was achieved, and the effect of catalysts on the liquid product yield obtained from pyrolysis was examined. The structure of the liquid products which were obtained as a result of the experiments was investigated by various spectroscopic methods such as GC-MS and FTIR, and the effects of experimental conditions on the structure of the liquid product were analyzed. Consequently, a noticeable synergistic effect was observed in the yield of the liquid product which was obtained as a result of the co-pyrolysis of PP and oil shale, and this effect further increased with the catalyst added to the medium. 

Kaynakça

  • References
  • Taciuk W. Does oil shale have a significant future? Oil Shale. 2013;30:1–5. DOI: 10.3176/oil.2013.1.01.
  • Toraman Ö Y, Uçurum M. Alternative Fossil Based Energy Resource: Oil Shale. Tübav Science Journal. 2009;2:37-46.URL: dergipark.ulakbim.gov.tr /tubav/article/download/ 1013000023/ 1013000058.
  • Martins M, Salvador S, Thovert J. F., Debenest G. Co-current combustion of oil shale Part 1: characterization of the solid and gaseous products. Fuel. 2010 July;89:144-151. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2009.06.036.
  • Wang S, Jiang X, Han X, Tong J. Investigation of Chinese oil shale resources comprehensive utilization performance. Energy. 2012 April;42:224-232. DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2012.03.066.
  • Altun N E, Hıçyılmaz C, Hwang J Y, Bağcı A S, Kök M V, Oil shales in the world and Turkey; reserves, current situation and future prospects: a review. Oil Shale. 2006 May;23:211-227. URL: http://www.kirj.ee/public/oilshale/oil-2006-3-2.pdf.
  • Sınağ A, Sungur M, Canel M. Effect of experimental conditions on the yields during the copyrolysis of Mustafa Kemal Paşa (MKP) lignite (Turkey) with low-density polyethylene. Energy & Fuels. 2006 May; 20: 1609-1613. DOI: 10.1021/ef060108l.
  • Bozkurt P A, Tosun O, Canel M. The synergistic effect of co-pyrolysis of oil shale and low density polyethylene mixtures and characterization of pyrolysis liquid. Journal of the Energy Institute. In press, DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2016.04.007.
  • Espina S M, Alvarez R, Diez M A, Casal M D. Coal and plastic waste co-pyrolysis by thermal analysis–mass spectrometry. Fuel Processing Technology. 2015 October;137:351-358. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.03.024.
  • Hayashi J, Mizuta H, Kusakabe K, Morooka S. Flash copyrolysis of coal and polyolefin. Energy Fuels. 1994 August;8:1353–1359. URL: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ef00048a026.
  • Meesri C, Moghtaderi B. Lack of synergetic effects in the pyrolytic characteristics of woody biomass/coal blends under low and high heating rate regimes. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2002 July:23:55–66. DOI: 10.1016/S0961-9534(02)00034-X.
  • Suelves I, Lazaro M J, Moliner R. Synergetic effects in the co-pyrolysis of Samcacoal and a model aliphatic compound studied by analytical pyrolysis. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 2002 December;65:197–206. DOI: 10.1016/S0165-2370(01)00194-2.
  • Ergün N. Turkey 10th development plan (2014-2018) in the plastics sector general assessment draft projection, PAGEV, 2013;4-5. URL: http://www.pagev.org.tr/ admin/PICS/dosyalar/Turkiye_10__Kalkinma_Plani_(_20142018_)_Projeksiyonunda_Plastik_Sektoru_Genel_Degerlendirmesi_Taslagi__2_.pdf.
  • Plastics Europe. Plastics–the facts 2013 an analysis of European latest plastics production, demand and waste data. PlasticsEurope. 2013;6-31. URL: http://www.plasticseurope.org/ documents/document/20131014095824final_plastics_the_facts_2013_published_october2013.pdf.
  • Kaminsky W, Predel M, Sadiki A. Feedstock recycling of polymers by pyrolysis in a fluidized bed. Polymer Degradation and Stability. 2004 September;85:1045–1050. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2003.05.002.
  • Onay O, Koca H. Determination of synergetic effect in co-pyrolysis of lignite and waste tyre. Fuel. 2015 June;150:169–174. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2015.02.041.
  • Serrano D P, Aguado J, Escola J M, Garagorri E. Conversion of low density polyethylene into petrochemical feedstocks using a continuous screw kiln reactor. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 2001 April;58–59:789–801. DOI: 10.1016/S0165-2370(00)00153-4.
  • Önal E. 2007. Pyrolysis different biomass and copyrolysis of them with syntetic polymers: Identification of product properties Anadolu University Graduate School of Sciences Chemical Engineering Program, Doctoral thesis, 30-42.
  • Cit l, Sınag A, Tekes A T, Acar P, Mısırlıoglu Z, Canel M. Effect of polymers on lignite pyrolysis. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 2007 August;80:195–202. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2007.02.006.
  • Ballice L. Classification of volatile products evolved from the temperature programmed co-pyrolysis of Turkish oil shales with atactic polypropylene (APP). Energy & Fuels. 2001 March;15: 659–665. DOI: 10.1021/ef0002041.
  • Boxiong S, Chunfei W, Cai L, Binbin G, Rui W. Pyrolysis of waste tyres: The influence of USY catalyst/tyre ratio on products. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 2007 March;78:243-249. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2006.07.004.
  • Dominguez A, Blanco C G, Barriocanal C, Alvarez R, Diez M A. Gas chromatographic study of the volatile products from co-pyrolysis of coal and polyethylene wastes. Journal of Chromatography A. 2011 May;918:135–144. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)00736-1.
  • Dorrestijn E, Laarhoven L J J, Arends I W C E, Mulder P. The occurrence and reactivity of phenoxyl linkages in lignin and low rank coal. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 2000 March;54:153-192. DOI: 10.1016/S0165-2370(99)00082-0.
  • Acar P, Sınağ A, Mısırlıoğlu Z, Canel M. Pyrolysis of scrap tyre with lignite. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects. 2012 December;34:287-295. DOI: 10.1080/15567030903586063.
Yıl 2016, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3, 247 - 264, 08.01.2017
https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.73561

Öz

Kaynakça

  • References
  • Taciuk W. Does oil shale have a significant future? Oil Shale. 2013;30:1–5. DOI: 10.3176/oil.2013.1.01.
  • Toraman Ö Y, Uçurum M. Alternative Fossil Based Energy Resource: Oil Shale. Tübav Science Journal. 2009;2:37-46.URL: dergipark.ulakbim.gov.tr /tubav/article/download/ 1013000023/ 1013000058.
  • Martins M, Salvador S, Thovert J. F., Debenest G. Co-current combustion of oil shale Part 1: characterization of the solid and gaseous products. Fuel. 2010 July;89:144-151. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2009.06.036.
  • Wang S, Jiang X, Han X, Tong J. Investigation of Chinese oil shale resources comprehensive utilization performance. Energy. 2012 April;42:224-232. DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2012.03.066.
  • Altun N E, Hıçyılmaz C, Hwang J Y, Bağcı A S, Kök M V, Oil shales in the world and Turkey; reserves, current situation and future prospects: a review. Oil Shale. 2006 May;23:211-227. URL: http://www.kirj.ee/public/oilshale/oil-2006-3-2.pdf.
  • Sınağ A, Sungur M, Canel M. Effect of experimental conditions on the yields during the copyrolysis of Mustafa Kemal Paşa (MKP) lignite (Turkey) with low-density polyethylene. Energy & Fuels. 2006 May; 20: 1609-1613. DOI: 10.1021/ef060108l.
  • Bozkurt P A, Tosun O, Canel M. The synergistic effect of co-pyrolysis of oil shale and low density polyethylene mixtures and characterization of pyrolysis liquid. Journal of the Energy Institute. In press, DOI: 10.1016/j.joei.2016.04.007.
  • Espina S M, Alvarez R, Diez M A, Casal M D. Coal and plastic waste co-pyrolysis by thermal analysis–mass spectrometry. Fuel Processing Technology. 2015 October;137:351-358. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2015.03.024.
  • Hayashi J, Mizuta H, Kusakabe K, Morooka S. Flash copyrolysis of coal and polyolefin. Energy Fuels. 1994 August;8:1353–1359. URL: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ef00048a026.
  • Meesri C, Moghtaderi B. Lack of synergetic effects in the pyrolytic characteristics of woody biomass/coal blends under low and high heating rate regimes. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2002 July:23:55–66. DOI: 10.1016/S0961-9534(02)00034-X.
  • Suelves I, Lazaro M J, Moliner R. Synergetic effects in the co-pyrolysis of Samcacoal and a model aliphatic compound studied by analytical pyrolysis. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 2002 December;65:197–206. DOI: 10.1016/S0165-2370(01)00194-2.
  • Ergün N. Turkey 10th development plan (2014-2018) in the plastics sector general assessment draft projection, PAGEV, 2013;4-5. URL: http://www.pagev.org.tr/ admin/PICS/dosyalar/Turkiye_10__Kalkinma_Plani_(_20142018_)_Projeksiyonunda_Plastik_Sektoru_Genel_Degerlendirmesi_Taslagi__2_.pdf.
  • Plastics Europe. Plastics–the facts 2013 an analysis of European latest plastics production, demand and waste data. PlasticsEurope. 2013;6-31. URL: http://www.plasticseurope.org/ documents/document/20131014095824final_plastics_the_facts_2013_published_october2013.pdf.
  • Kaminsky W, Predel M, Sadiki A. Feedstock recycling of polymers by pyrolysis in a fluidized bed. Polymer Degradation and Stability. 2004 September;85:1045–1050. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2003.05.002.
  • Onay O, Koca H. Determination of synergetic effect in co-pyrolysis of lignite and waste tyre. Fuel. 2015 June;150:169–174. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2015.02.041.
  • Serrano D P, Aguado J, Escola J M, Garagorri E. Conversion of low density polyethylene into petrochemical feedstocks using a continuous screw kiln reactor. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 2001 April;58–59:789–801. DOI: 10.1016/S0165-2370(00)00153-4.
  • Önal E. 2007. Pyrolysis different biomass and copyrolysis of them with syntetic polymers: Identification of product properties Anadolu University Graduate School of Sciences Chemical Engineering Program, Doctoral thesis, 30-42.
  • Cit l, Sınag A, Tekes A T, Acar P, Mısırlıoglu Z, Canel M. Effect of polymers on lignite pyrolysis. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 2007 August;80:195–202. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2007.02.006.
  • Ballice L. Classification of volatile products evolved from the temperature programmed co-pyrolysis of Turkish oil shales with atactic polypropylene (APP). Energy & Fuels. 2001 March;15: 659–665. DOI: 10.1021/ef0002041.
  • Boxiong S, Chunfei W, Cai L, Binbin G, Rui W. Pyrolysis of waste tyres: The influence of USY catalyst/tyre ratio on products. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 2007 March;78:243-249. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaap.2006.07.004.
  • Dominguez A, Blanco C G, Barriocanal C, Alvarez R, Diez M A. Gas chromatographic study of the volatile products from co-pyrolysis of coal and polyethylene wastes. Journal of Chromatography A. 2011 May;918:135–144. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(01)00736-1.
  • Dorrestijn E, Laarhoven L J J, Arends I W C E, Mulder P. The occurrence and reactivity of phenoxyl linkages in lignin and low rank coal. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 2000 March;54:153-192. DOI: 10.1016/S0165-2370(99)00082-0.
  • Acar P, Sınağ A, Mısırlıoğlu Z, Canel M. Pyrolysis of scrap tyre with lignite. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects. 2012 December;34:287-295. DOI: 10.1080/15567030903586063.
Toplam 24 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Pınar Acar Bozkurt

Nagehan Merve Kutlu Bu kişi benim

Muammer Canel

Yayımlanma Tarihi 8 Ocak 2017
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Temmuz 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Acar Bozkurt P, Kutlu NM, Canel M. CO-PYROLYSIS OF GÖYNÜK OIL SHALE WITH POLYPROPYLENE AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PYROLYSIS LIQUID. JOTCSA. 2017;3(3):247-64.