The effect of some family characteristics on the relationship between mental symptoms and levels of serum serotonin and salivatory cortisol
Öz
Aim: Psychological symptoms (PSs) are also seen in healthy individuals. The aim of this study is to examine some familial features in the relationship between PSs and serum serotonin (5-HT) and salivary cortisol (CTS) levels in healthy subjects.
Materials and Method: Sociodemographic data form and psychiatric symptom screening questionnaire (SCL-90-R) were given to 320 healthy individuals (156 males, 164 females) aged 18-65 without any mental illness. Blood and saliva samples were duly taken and evaluated by ELISA method. Informed consent and local ethics committee approval were obtained from the participants before starting the study. Statistical analyzes were done with SPSS 15.0 program. Descriptive statistical data (number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum), independent sample t-test, One-way ANOVA test, Pearson Correlation analysis were used in the analyzes. For statistical significance, p<.05 was accetted significant.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 29.19±8.41. According to family characteristics, PSs were found to be higher in those whose parents were separated, whose parents had a low educational level, and those with a family history of psychiatric illness. Depressive symptoms were statistically significantly higher in those whose families were separated. Somatization, anxiety, obsessive symptoms, depressive symptoms, hostility and additional symptoms were statistically significantly higher in those with a family history of psychiatric illness. Although it was not statistically significant, the 5-HT levels were highest in those living in an extended family, those whose parents lived together, those whose parents were primary school graduates, and those who did not have a family history of psychiatric disease. CTS levels were statistically significantly higher in those who did not have a family history of psychiatric disease. There was a negative correlation between 5-HT and CTS levels and PSs excluding additional symptoms. There was a positive correlation between 5-HT and CTS levels.
Conclusion: It was concluded that familial characteristics have an effect on the relationship between psychological symptoms and serotonin and cortisol levels in healthy individuals, but these characteristics alone are not effective in this relationship. There is a need for studies investigating other stressor factors that are thought to be effective in the relationship between mental symptoms and serotonin and cortisol levels.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Family characteristic psychological symptom healthy subject serotonin cortisol
Destekleyen Kurum
The authors declared that the project of this study, dated 01.10.2012 and numbered 2012/53, was supported by the GATA Scientific Research Board.
Proje Numarası
2012/53.
Teşekkür
No.
Kaynakça
- Choi W, Moon JH, Kim H. Serotonergic regulation of energy metabolism in peripheral tissues. J Endocrinol 2020; 245: 1-10.
- Teissier A, Soiza-Reilly M, Gaspar P. Refining the Role of 5-HT in Postnatal Development of Brain Circuits. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 23: 139.
- Obermanns J, Krawczyk E, Juckel G, Emons B. Analysis of cytokine levels, T regulatory cells and serotonin content in patients with depression. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53: 3476-89.
- Lissemore JI, Sookman D, Gravel P, et al. Brain serotonin synthesis capacity in obsessive-compulsive disorder: effects of cognitive behavioral therapy and sertraline. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 18; 8: 82.
- Hrovatin K, Kunej T, Dolžan V. Genetic variability of serotonin pathway associated with schizophrenia onset, progression, and treatment. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2020; 183: 113-27.
- Pourhamzeh M, Moravej FG, Arabi M, et al. The Roles of Serotonin in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 42: 1671-92.
- Juruena MF, Eror F, Cleare AJ, Young AH. The Role of Early Life Stress in HPA Axis and Anxiety. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 2020; 1191: 141-53.
- Walker EF, Brennan PA, Esterberg M, Brasfield J, Pearce B, Compton MT. Longitudinal changes in cortisol secretion and conversion to psychosis in at-risk youth. J Abnorm Psychol 2010; 119: 401-8.
- Garcia-Leal C, Parente AC, Del-Ben CM, et al. Anxiety and salivary cortisol in symptomatic and nonsymptomatic panic patients and healthy volunteers performing simulated public speaking. Psychiatry Res 2005; 28; 133: 239-52.
- Vreeburg SA, Hoogendijk WJ, van Pelt J, et al. Major depressive disorder and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity: results from a large cohort study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2009; 66: 617-26.
- Alpers GW, Abelson JL, Wilhelm FH, Roth WT. Salivary cortisol response during exposure treatment in driving phobics. Psychosom Med 2003; 65: 679-87.
- Dziurkowska E, Wesolowski M. Cortisol as a Biomarker of Mental Disorder Severity. J Clin Med 2021; 8; 10: 5204.
- Budziszewska B; Laso´n W. Neuroendokrynne Mechanizmy Działania Leków Przeciwdepresyjnych; Triangulum M.B.P.: 1st ed. Wrocław, Poland: Triangulum; 2003.
- DeBattista, C. Antidepressant Agents. In Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 15e; Katzung, B.G., Vanderah, T.W., Eds.; McGraw-Hill: New York, NY, USA 2021. (Available online: https: //accessmedicine-1mhmedical-1com-1aqoxlrin0976.han.gumed.edu.pl/ content.aspx?bookid=2988§ionid=250598963 (accessed on 05 December 2022).
- Buehler C. Family processes and children's and adolescents' well‐being. J Marriage Fam 2020; 82: 145-74.
- Park AL, Fuhrer R, Quesnel-Vallée A. Parents' education and the risk of major depression in early adulthood. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2013; 48: 1829-39.
- Melchior M, Touchette É, Prokofyeva E, et al. Negative events in childhood predict trajectories of internalizing symptoms up to young adulthood: an 18-year longitudinal study. PLoS One 2014; 8; 9: e114526.
- McLaughlin KA, Behar E, Borkovec TD. Family history of psychological problems in generalized anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychol 2008; 64: 905-18.
- Le Masurier M, Cowen PJ, Harmer CJ. Emotional bias and waking salivary cortisol in relatives of patients with major depression. Psychol Med 2007; 37: 403-10.
- Yıldırım O, Dogan O, Semiz M, Kilicli F. Serum cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate levels in schizophrenic patients and their first-degree relatives. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2011; 65: 584-91.
- Derogatis LR, Cleary PA. Confirmation of the dimensional structure of the SCL‐90: A study in construct validation. J Clin Psychol 1977; 33: 981-9.
- Dağ İ. Belirti tarama listesi (SCL-90-R)'nin üniversite öğrencileri için güvenirliği ve geçerliği. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 1991; 2: 5-12.
- Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using multivariate statistics, 6th ed. Boston, MA: Pearson: 2013.
- Sands A, Thompson EJ, Gaysina D. Long-term influences of parental divorce on offspring affective disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2017; 218: 105-14.
- Lau T, Bigio B, Zelli D, McEwen BS, Nasca C. Stress-induced structural plasticity of medial amygdala stellate neurons and rapid prevention by a candidate antidepressant. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22: 227-34.
- Kaiser RH, Andrews-Hanna JR, Wager TD, Pizzagalli DA. Large-Scale Network Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder: A Meta-analysis of Resting-State Functional Connectivity. JAMA Psychiatry 2015; 72: 603-11.
- Hamm LL, Jacobs RH, Johnson MW, et al. Aberrant amygdala functional connectivity at rest in pediatric anxiety disorders. Biol Mood Anxiety Disord 2014; 9; 4: 15.
- Padilla-Moledo C, Ruiz JR, Castro-Pinero J. Parental educational level and psychological positive health and health complaints in Spanish children and adolescents. Child Care Health Dev 2016; 42: 534-43.
- Asadi-Pooya AA, Homayoun M. Psychogenic nonepileptic (functional) seizures: Significance of family history and model learning. Psychiatry Res 2020; 290: 113166.
- Serretti A, Chiesa A, Calati R et. al. Family history of major depression and residual symptoms in responder and non-responder depressed patients. Compr Psychiatry 2014; 55: 51-5.
- Lipsky RK, McDonald CC, Souders MC, Carpio CC, Teitelman AM. Adverse childhood experiences, the serotonergic system, and depressive and anxiety disorders in adulthood: A systematic literature review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 134: 104495.
- Muck-Seler D, Pivac N, Mustapic M, Crncevic Z, Jakovljevic M, Sagud M. Platelet serotonin and plasma prolactin and cortisol in healthy, depressed and schizophrenic women. Psychiatry Res 2004; 15; 127: 217-26.
- Aleksovski B, Novotni A, Vujović V, et al. Evaluation of peripheral serotonin content and α2-adrenergic receptor function as potential markers for life-long recurrent depressive disorder by using methodological improvements. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2018; 22: 215-24.
- Colle R, Masson P, Verstuyft C, et al. Peripheral tryptophan, serotonin, kynurenine, and their metabolites in major depression: A case-control study. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 74: 112-7.
- Coello K, Munkholm K, Nielsen F, Vinberg M, Kessing LV. Hair cortisol in newly diagnosed bipolar disorder and unaffected first-degree relatives. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 99: 183-90.
- Vanyukov MM, Moss HB, Plail JA, Blackson T, Mezzich AC, Tarter RE. Antisocial symptoms in preadolescent boys and in their parents: associations with cortisol. Psychiatry Res 1993; 46: 9-17.
- Dutta SE, Gupta S, Raju MSVK, Kumar A, Pawar A. Platelet Serotonin Level and Impulsivity in Human Self-destructive Behavior: A Biological and Psychological Study. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2017; 8: 199-203.
- van Veen JF, van Vliet IM, Derijk RH, van Pelt J, Mertens B, Zitman FG. Elevated alpha-amylase but not cortisol in generalized social anxiety disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2008; 33: 1313-21.
- Godoy LD, Rossignoli MT, Delfino-Pereira P, Garcia-Cairasco N, de Lima Umeoka EH. A Comprehensive Overview on Stress Neurobiology: Basic Concepts and Clinical Implications. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 3; 12: 127.
- Cowen PJ. Cortisol, serotonin and depression: all stressed out? Br J Psychiatry 2002; 180: 99-100.
- Mann JJ, McBride PA, Brown RP et. al. Relationship between central and peripheral serotonin indexes in depressed and suicidal psychiatric inpatients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992; 49: 442-6.
- Celada P, Sarrias MJ, Artigas F. Serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in plasma. Potential use as peripheral measures of MAO-A activity. J Neural Transm Suppl 1990; 32: 149-54.
Öz
Anahtar Kelimeler
Family characteristic psychological symptom healthy subject serotonin cortisol
Proje Numarası
2012/53.
Kaynakça
- Choi W, Moon JH, Kim H. Serotonergic regulation of energy metabolism in peripheral tissues. J Endocrinol 2020; 245: 1-10.
- Teissier A, Soiza-Reilly M, Gaspar P. Refining the Role of 5-HT in Postnatal Development of Brain Circuits. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 23: 139.
- Obermanns J, Krawczyk E, Juckel G, Emons B. Analysis of cytokine levels, T regulatory cells and serotonin content in patients with depression. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 53: 3476-89.
- Lissemore JI, Sookman D, Gravel P, et al. Brain serotonin synthesis capacity in obsessive-compulsive disorder: effects of cognitive behavioral therapy and sertraline. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 18; 8: 82.
- Hrovatin K, Kunej T, Dolžan V. Genetic variability of serotonin pathway associated with schizophrenia onset, progression, and treatment. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2020; 183: 113-27.
- Pourhamzeh M, Moravej FG, Arabi M, et al. The Roles of Serotonin in Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 42: 1671-92.
- Juruena MF, Eror F, Cleare AJ, Young AH. The Role of Early Life Stress in HPA Axis and Anxiety. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 2020; 1191: 141-53.
- Walker EF, Brennan PA, Esterberg M, Brasfield J, Pearce B, Compton MT. Longitudinal changes in cortisol secretion and conversion to psychosis in at-risk youth. J Abnorm Psychol 2010; 119: 401-8.
- Garcia-Leal C, Parente AC, Del-Ben CM, et al. Anxiety and salivary cortisol in symptomatic and nonsymptomatic panic patients and healthy volunteers performing simulated public speaking. Psychiatry Res 2005; 28; 133: 239-52.
- Vreeburg SA, Hoogendijk WJ, van Pelt J, et al. Major depressive disorder and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity: results from a large cohort study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2009; 66: 617-26.
- Alpers GW, Abelson JL, Wilhelm FH, Roth WT. Salivary cortisol response during exposure treatment in driving phobics. Psychosom Med 2003; 65: 679-87.
- Dziurkowska E, Wesolowski M. Cortisol as a Biomarker of Mental Disorder Severity. J Clin Med 2021; 8; 10: 5204.
- Budziszewska B; Laso´n W. Neuroendokrynne Mechanizmy Działania Leków Przeciwdepresyjnych; Triangulum M.B.P.: 1st ed. Wrocław, Poland: Triangulum; 2003.
- DeBattista, C. Antidepressant Agents. In Basic & Clinical Pharmacology, 15e; Katzung, B.G., Vanderah, T.W., Eds.; McGraw-Hill: New York, NY, USA 2021. (Available online: https: //accessmedicine-1mhmedical-1com-1aqoxlrin0976.han.gumed.edu.pl/ content.aspx?bookid=2988§ionid=250598963 (accessed on 05 December 2022).
- Buehler C. Family processes and children's and adolescents' well‐being. J Marriage Fam 2020; 82: 145-74.
- Park AL, Fuhrer R, Quesnel-Vallée A. Parents' education and the risk of major depression in early adulthood. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2013; 48: 1829-39.
- Melchior M, Touchette É, Prokofyeva E, et al. Negative events in childhood predict trajectories of internalizing symptoms up to young adulthood: an 18-year longitudinal study. PLoS One 2014; 8; 9: e114526.
- McLaughlin KA, Behar E, Borkovec TD. Family history of psychological problems in generalized anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychol 2008; 64: 905-18.
- Le Masurier M, Cowen PJ, Harmer CJ. Emotional bias and waking salivary cortisol in relatives of patients with major depression. Psychol Med 2007; 37: 403-10.
- Yıldırım O, Dogan O, Semiz M, Kilicli F. Serum cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate levels in schizophrenic patients and their first-degree relatives. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2011; 65: 584-91.
- Derogatis LR, Cleary PA. Confirmation of the dimensional structure of the SCL‐90: A study in construct validation. J Clin Psychol 1977; 33: 981-9.
- Dağ İ. Belirti tarama listesi (SCL-90-R)'nin üniversite öğrencileri için güvenirliği ve geçerliği. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 1991; 2: 5-12.
- Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using multivariate statistics, 6th ed. Boston, MA: Pearson: 2013.
- Sands A, Thompson EJ, Gaysina D. Long-term influences of parental divorce on offspring affective disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2017; 218: 105-14.
- Lau T, Bigio B, Zelli D, McEwen BS, Nasca C. Stress-induced structural plasticity of medial amygdala stellate neurons and rapid prevention by a candidate antidepressant. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22: 227-34.
- Kaiser RH, Andrews-Hanna JR, Wager TD, Pizzagalli DA. Large-Scale Network Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder: A Meta-analysis of Resting-State Functional Connectivity. JAMA Psychiatry 2015; 72: 603-11.
- Hamm LL, Jacobs RH, Johnson MW, et al. Aberrant amygdala functional connectivity at rest in pediatric anxiety disorders. Biol Mood Anxiety Disord 2014; 9; 4: 15.
- Padilla-Moledo C, Ruiz JR, Castro-Pinero J. Parental educational level and psychological positive health and health complaints in Spanish children and adolescents. Child Care Health Dev 2016; 42: 534-43.
- Asadi-Pooya AA, Homayoun M. Psychogenic nonepileptic (functional) seizures: Significance of family history and model learning. Psychiatry Res 2020; 290: 113166.
- Serretti A, Chiesa A, Calati R et. al. Family history of major depression and residual symptoms in responder and non-responder depressed patients. Compr Psychiatry 2014; 55: 51-5.
- Lipsky RK, McDonald CC, Souders MC, Carpio CC, Teitelman AM. Adverse childhood experiences, the serotonergic system, and depressive and anxiety disorders in adulthood: A systematic literature review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 134: 104495.
- Muck-Seler D, Pivac N, Mustapic M, Crncevic Z, Jakovljevic M, Sagud M. Platelet serotonin and plasma prolactin and cortisol in healthy, depressed and schizophrenic women. Psychiatry Res 2004; 15; 127: 217-26.
- Aleksovski B, Novotni A, Vujović V, et al. Evaluation of peripheral serotonin content and α2-adrenergic receptor function as potential markers for life-long recurrent depressive disorder by using methodological improvements. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2018; 22: 215-24.
- Colle R, Masson P, Verstuyft C, et al. Peripheral tryptophan, serotonin, kynurenine, and their metabolites in major depression: A case-control study. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 74: 112-7.
- Coello K, Munkholm K, Nielsen F, Vinberg M, Kessing LV. Hair cortisol in newly diagnosed bipolar disorder and unaffected first-degree relatives. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 99: 183-90.
- Vanyukov MM, Moss HB, Plail JA, Blackson T, Mezzich AC, Tarter RE. Antisocial symptoms in preadolescent boys and in their parents: associations with cortisol. Psychiatry Res 1993; 46: 9-17.
- Dutta SE, Gupta S, Raju MSVK, Kumar A, Pawar A. Platelet Serotonin Level and Impulsivity in Human Self-destructive Behavior: A Biological and Psychological Study. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2017; 8: 199-203.
- van Veen JF, van Vliet IM, Derijk RH, van Pelt J, Mertens B, Zitman FG. Elevated alpha-amylase but not cortisol in generalized social anxiety disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2008; 33: 1313-21.
- Godoy LD, Rossignoli MT, Delfino-Pereira P, Garcia-Cairasco N, de Lima Umeoka EH. A Comprehensive Overview on Stress Neurobiology: Basic Concepts and Clinical Implications. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 3; 12: 127.
- Cowen PJ. Cortisol, serotonin and depression: all stressed out? Br J Psychiatry 2002; 180: 99-100.
- Mann JJ, McBride PA, Brown RP et. al. Relationship between central and peripheral serotonin indexes in depressed and suicidal psychiatric inpatients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992; 49: 442-6.
- Celada P, Sarrias MJ, Artigas F. Serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in plasma. Potential use as peripheral measures of MAO-A activity. J Neural Transm Suppl 1990; 32: 149-54.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi |
| Bölüm | Orijinal Makale |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | 2012/53. |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 9 Ocak 2023 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 12 Ocak 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1 |
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