THE EFFECT OF MENOPAUSE ON NADPH OXIDASE LEVELS AFTER NON-SURGICAL PERIODONTAL TREATMENTS ON PATIENTS WITH PERIODONTITIS

Mahmut Kayaaltı; Vildan Bostancı; Halef Dogan

doi:10.7126/cumudj.1000295

Araştırma Makalesi

THE EFFECT OF MENOPAUSE ON NADPH OXIDASE LEVELS AFTER NON-SURGICAL PERIODONTAL TREATMENTS ON PATIENTS WITH PERIODONTITIS

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 4, 415 - 426, 03.01.2022

Mahmut Kayaaltı , Vildan Bostancı , Halef Dogan

https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1000295

Öz

ABSTRACT
Objectives: This study evaluated the clinical parameters [ plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL) ] and the levels of Nadph Oxidase (NOX-1) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples of pre-menopausal and post-menopausal periodontally healthy and periodontitis patients.
Materials and Methods: Study included pre-menopausal periodontitis 15, post-menopausal periodontitis 15, pre-menopausal periodontally healthy 15 and post-menopausal periodontally healthy 15; a total of 60 individuals were included.
Results: Clinical periodontal evaluation indices in the 6th week after treatment were found to be statistically significantly lower than the initial values of PI, GI, PPD, CAL in the periodontitis groups(p<0.05). Pre-treatment baseline NOX-1 values were singificantly higher in both periodontitis groups than healthy groups (p<0.05). While the pre-menopausal and post-menopausal periodontitis groups before treatment had similar PI, PPD and CAL values, the GI was found to be significantly higher in the post-menopausal periodontitis group(p <0.05). While NOX-1 values in pre-treatment GCF samples were similar in pre-menopausal and post-menopausal periodontitis groups, NOX-1 values in the post-menopausal periodontitis group at the 6th week after treatment were found to be statistically higher than the pre-menopausal periodontitis group (p <0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results of our study, oxidative stress that increases with menopause may negatively affect the healing potential after periodontal treatment. Accordingly, antioxidant supplementation can be predicted with hormone replacement during this period.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Periodontitis, Nox-1, Menopause, Oxidative Stress

Destekleyen Kurum

Cumhuriyet University Research Scientific Project

Proje Numarası

DIS-248

Kaynakça

1. Kinane DF, Stathopoulou PG, Papapanou PN. Periodontal diseases. Nat Rev Dis Prim. 2017;3:17038. doi:10.1038/nrdp.2017.38
2. Lamster IB, Novak MJ. Host mediators in gingival crevicular fluid: implications for the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Crit Rev oral Biol Med an Off Publ Am Assoc Oral Biol. 1992;3(1-2):31-60. doi:10.1177/10454411920030010501
3. Van Dyke TE. The management of inflammation in periodontal disease. J Periodontol. 2008;79(8 Suppl):1601-1608. doi:10.1902/jop.2008.080173
4. Kinane DF. Causation and pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000. 2001;25:8-20. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0757.2001.22250102.x
5. Loesche WJ, Grossman NS. Periodontal disease as a specific, albeit chronic, infection: diagnosis and treatment. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2001;14(4):727-752, table of contents. doi:10.1128/CMR.14.4.727-752.2001
6. Kornman KS. Mapping the pathogenesis of periodontitis: a new look. J Periodontol. 2008;79(8 Suppl):1560-1568. doi:10.1902/jop.2008.080213
7. Harzallah O, Kerkeni A, Baati T, Mahjoub S. Oxidative stress: correlation with Behçet’s disease duration, activity and severity. Eur J Intern Med. 2008;19(7):541-547. doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2008.08.001
8. Shah D, Mahajan N, Sah S, Nath SK, Paudyal B. Oxidative stress and its biomarkers in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Biomed Sci. 2014;21(1):23. doi:10.1186/1423-0127-21-23
9. Suzuki K, Ito Y, Ochiai J, et al. Relationship between obesity and serum markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in Japanese. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2003;4(3):259—266. http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/14507248
10. Dupuy C, Ohayon R, Valent A, Noël-Hudson MS, Dème D, Virion A. Purification of a novel flavoprotein involved in the thyroid NADPH oxidase. Cloning of the porcine and human cdnas. J Biol Chem. 1999;274(52):37265-37269. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.52.37265
11. Bedard K, Krause K-H. The NOX family of ROS-generating NADPH oxidases: physiology and pathophysiology. Physiol Rev. 2007;87(1):245-313. doi:10.1152/physrev.00044.2005
12. Daffu G, del Pozo CH, O’Shea KM, Ananthakrishnan R, Ramasamy R, Schmidt AM. Radical roles for RAGE in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases and beyond. Int J Mol Sci. 2013;14(10):19891-19910. doi:10.3390/ijms141019891
13. Azumi H, Inoue N, Ohashi Y, et al. Superoxide generation in directional coronary atherectomy specimens of patients with angina pectoris: important role of NAD(P)H oxidase. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2002;22(11):1838-1844. doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000037101.40667.62
14. Gavazzi G, Deffert C, Trocme C, Schäppi M, Herrmann FR, Krause K-H. NOX1 deficiency protects from aortic dissection in response to angiotensin II. Hypertens (Dallas, Tex 1979). 2007;50(1):189-196. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.089706
15. Arbiser JL, Petros J, Klafter R, et al. Reactive oxygen generated by Nox1 triggers the angiogenic switch. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002;99(2):715-720. doi:10.1073/pnas.022630199
16. Thum T, Borlak J. Mechanistic role of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced vascular injury: therapy through LOX-1 receptor antagonism? Circ Res. 2004;94(1):e1-13. doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000110081.03480.E9
17. Paik Y-H, Iwaisako K, Seki E, et al. The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) homologues NOX1 and NOX2/gp91(phox) mediate hepatic fibrosis in mice. Hepatology. 2011;53(5):1730-1741. doi:10.1002/hep.24281
18. Dikalov SI, Dikalova AE, Bikineyeva AT, Schmidt HHHW, Harrison DG, Griendling KK. Distinct roles of Nox1 and Nox4 in basal and angiotensin II-stimulated superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production. Free Radic Biol Med. 2008;45(9):1340-1351. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.08.013
19. Battino M, Bullon P, Wilson M, Newman H. Oxidative injury and inflammatory periodontal diseases: the challenge of anti-oxidants to free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Crit Rev oral Biol Med an Off Publ Am Assoc Oral Biol. 1999;10(4):458-476. doi:10.1177/10454411990100040301
20. Libermann TA, Baltimore D. Activation of interleukin-6 gene expression through the NF-kappa B transcription factor. Mol Cell Biol. 1990;10(5):2327-2334. doi:10.1128/mcb.10.5.2327
21. Chapple ILC. Oxidative stress, nutrition and neutrogenomics in periodontal health and disease. Int J Dent Hyg. 2006;4 Suppl 1:12-15. doi:10.1111/j.1601-5037.2006.00197.x
22. Takahashi TA, Johnson KM. Menopause. Med Clin North Am. 2015;99(3):521-534. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2015.01.006
23. Mascarenhas P, Gapski R, Al-Shammari K, Wang H-L. Influence of sex hormones on the periodontium. J Clin Periodontol. 2003;30(8):671-681. doi:10.1034/j.1600-051x.2003.00055.x
24. Reinhardt RA, Payne JB, Maze CA, Patil KD, Gallagher SJ, Mattson JS. Influence of estrogen and osteopenia/osteoporosis on clinical periodontitis in postmenopausal women. J Periodontol. 1999;70(8):823-828. doi:10.1902/jop.1999.70.8.823
25. Friedlander AH. The physiology, medical management and oral implications of menopause. J Am Dent Assoc. 2002;133(1):73-81. doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2002.0025
26. Krejci CB, Bissada NF. Women’s health issues and their relationship to periodontitis. J Am Dent Assoc. 2002;133(3):323-329. doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2002.0171
27. Famili P, Cauley J, Suzuki JB, Weyant R. Longitudinal study of periodontal disease and edentulism with rates of bone loss in older women. J Periodontol. 2005;76(1):11-15. doi:10.1902/jop.2005.76.1.11
28. Fleiss JL, Park MH, Chilton NW, Alman JE, Feldman RS, Chauncey HH. Representativeness of the “Ramfjord teeth” for epidemiologic studies of gingivitis and periodontitis. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1987;15(4):221-224. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1987.tb00525.x
29. Cassol-Spanemberg J, Campillo E, Jané-Salas E, Lopez Lopez J. Burning Mouth Syndrome: Update. Oral Health Dent Manag. 2014;13:418-424. doi:10.12974/2311-8695.2014.02.01.2
30. Charleston L 4th. Burning mouth syndrome: a review of recent literature. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2013;17(6):336. doi:10.1007/s11916-013-0336-9
31. Gardner A, Carpenter G, So P-W. Salivary Metabolomics: From Diagnostic Biomarker Discovery to Investigating Biological Function. Metabolites. 2020;10(2):47. doi:10.3390/metabo10020047
32. Akalin FA, Baltacioğlu E, Alver A, Karabulut E. Lipid peroxidation levels and total oxidant status in serum, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid in patients with chronic periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2007;34(7):558-565. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.2007.01091.x
33. Tsai CC, Chen HS, Chen SL, et al. Lipid peroxidation: a possible role in the induction and progression of chronic periodontitis. J Periodontal Res. 2005;40(5):378-384. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0765.2005.00818.x
34. Konopka T, Król K, Kopeć W, Gerber H. Total antioxidant status and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine levels in gingival and peripheral blood of periodontitis patients. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2007;55(6):417-422. doi:10.1007/s00005-007-0047-1
35. Reher VGS, Zenóbio EG, Costa FO, Reher P, Soares R V. Nitric oxide levels in saliva increase with severity of chronic periodontitis. J Oral Sci. 2007;49(4):271-276. doi:10.2334/josnusd.49.271
36. Wei D, Zhang X-L, Wang Y-Z, Yang C-X, Chen G. Lipid peroxidation levels, total oxidant status and superoxide dismutase in serum, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid in chronic periodontitis patients before and after periodontal therapy. Aust Dent J. 2010;55(1):70-78. doi:10.1111/j.1834-7819.2009.01123.x
37. Güllü C, Ozmeric N, Tokman B, Elgün S, Balos K. Effectiveness of scaling and root planing versus modified Widman flap on nitric oxide synthase and arginase activity in patients with chronic periodontitis. J Periodontal Res. 2005;40(2):168-175. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0765.2005.00784.x
38. Batista AC, Silva TA, Chun JH, Lara VS. Nitric oxide synthesis and severity of human periodontal disease. Oral Dis. 2002;8(5):254-260. doi:10.1034/j.1601-0825.2002.02852.x
39. Norderyd OM, Grossi SG, Machtei EE, et al. Periodontal status of women taking postmenopausal estrogen supplementation. J Periodontol. 1993;64(10):957-962. doi:10.1902/jop.1993.64.10.957
40. Tezal M, Wactawski-Wende J, Grossi SG, Ho AW, Dunford R, Genco RJ. The relationship between bone mineral density and periodontitis in postmenopausal women. J Periodontol. 2000;71(9):1492-1498. doi:10.1902/jop.2000.71.9.1492
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Yıl 2021, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 4, 415 - 426, 03.01.2022

Mahmut Kayaaltı , Vildan Bostancı , Halef Dogan

https://doi.org/10.7126/cumudj.1000295

Öz

Proje Numarası

DIS-248

Kaynakça

1. Kinane DF, Stathopoulou PG, Papapanou PN. Periodontal diseases. Nat Rev Dis Prim. 2017;3:17038. doi:10.1038/nrdp.2017.38
2. Lamster IB, Novak MJ. Host mediators in gingival crevicular fluid: implications for the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Crit Rev oral Biol Med an Off Publ Am Assoc Oral Biol. 1992;3(1-2):31-60. doi:10.1177/10454411920030010501
3. Van Dyke TE. The management of inflammation in periodontal disease. J Periodontol. 2008;79(8 Suppl):1601-1608. doi:10.1902/jop.2008.080173
4. Kinane DF. Causation and pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Periodontol 2000. 2001;25:8-20. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0757.2001.22250102.x
5. Loesche WJ, Grossman NS. Periodontal disease as a specific, albeit chronic, infection: diagnosis and treatment. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2001;14(4):727-752, table of contents. doi:10.1128/CMR.14.4.727-752.2001
6. Kornman KS. Mapping the pathogenesis of periodontitis: a new look. J Periodontol. 2008;79(8 Suppl):1560-1568. doi:10.1902/jop.2008.080213
7. Harzallah O, Kerkeni A, Baati T, Mahjoub S. Oxidative stress: correlation with Behçet’s disease duration, activity and severity. Eur J Intern Med. 2008;19(7):541-547. doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2008.08.001
8. Shah D, Mahajan N, Sah S, Nath SK, Paudyal B. Oxidative stress and its biomarkers in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Biomed Sci. 2014;21(1):23. doi:10.1186/1423-0127-21-23
9. Suzuki K, Ito Y, Ochiai J, et al. Relationship between obesity and serum markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in Japanese. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2003;4(3):259—266. http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/14507248
10. Dupuy C, Ohayon R, Valent A, Noël-Hudson MS, Dème D, Virion A. Purification of a novel flavoprotein involved in the thyroid NADPH oxidase. Cloning of the porcine and human cdnas. J Biol Chem. 1999;274(52):37265-37269. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.52.37265
11. Bedard K, Krause K-H. The NOX family of ROS-generating NADPH oxidases: physiology and pathophysiology. Physiol Rev. 2007;87(1):245-313. doi:10.1152/physrev.00044.2005
12. Daffu G, del Pozo CH, O’Shea KM, Ananthakrishnan R, Ramasamy R, Schmidt AM. Radical roles for RAGE in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases and beyond. Int J Mol Sci. 2013;14(10):19891-19910. doi:10.3390/ijms141019891
13. Azumi H, Inoue N, Ohashi Y, et al. Superoxide generation in directional coronary atherectomy specimens of patients with angina pectoris: important role of NAD(P)H oxidase. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2002;22(11):1838-1844. doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000037101.40667.62
14. Gavazzi G, Deffert C, Trocme C, Schäppi M, Herrmann FR, Krause K-H. NOX1 deficiency protects from aortic dissection in response to angiotensin II. Hypertens (Dallas, Tex 1979). 2007;50(1):189-196. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.089706
15. Arbiser JL, Petros J, Klafter R, et al. Reactive oxygen generated by Nox1 triggers the angiogenic switch. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002;99(2):715-720. doi:10.1073/pnas.022630199
16. Thum T, Borlak J. Mechanistic role of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced vascular injury: therapy through LOX-1 receptor antagonism? Circ Res. 2004;94(1):e1-13. doi:10.1161/01.RES.0000110081.03480.E9
17. Paik Y-H, Iwaisako K, Seki E, et al. The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) homologues NOX1 and NOX2/gp91(phox) mediate hepatic fibrosis in mice. Hepatology. 2011;53(5):1730-1741. doi:10.1002/hep.24281
18. Dikalov SI, Dikalova AE, Bikineyeva AT, Schmidt HHHW, Harrison DG, Griendling KK. Distinct roles of Nox1 and Nox4 in basal and angiotensin II-stimulated superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production. Free Radic Biol Med. 2008;45(9):1340-1351. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.08.013
19. Battino M, Bullon P, Wilson M, Newman H. Oxidative injury and inflammatory periodontal diseases: the challenge of anti-oxidants to free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Crit Rev oral Biol Med an Off Publ Am Assoc Oral Biol. 1999;10(4):458-476. doi:10.1177/10454411990100040301
20. Libermann TA, Baltimore D. Activation of interleukin-6 gene expression through the NF-kappa B transcription factor. Mol Cell Biol. 1990;10(5):2327-2334. doi:10.1128/mcb.10.5.2327
21. Chapple ILC. Oxidative stress, nutrition and neutrogenomics in periodontal health and disease. Int J Dent Hyg. 2006;4 Suppl 1:12-15. doi:10.1111/j.1601-5037.2006.00197.x
22. Takahashi TA, Johnson KM. Menopause. Med Clin North Am. 2015;99(3):521-534. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2015.01.006
23. Mascarenhas P, Gapski R, Al-Shammari K, Wang H-L. Influence of sex hormones on the periodontium. J Clin Periodontol. 2003;30(8):671-681. doi:10.1034/j.1600-051x.2003.00055.x
24. Reinhardt RA, Payne JB, Maze CA, Patil KD, Gallagher SJ, Mattson JS. Influence of estrogen and osteopenia/osteoporosis on clinical periodontitis in postmenopausal women. J Periodontol. 1999;70(8):823-828. doi:10.1902/jop.1999.70.8.823
25. Friedlander AH. The physiology, medical management and oral implications of menopause. J Am Dent Assoc. 2002;133(1):73-81. doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2002.0025
26. Krejci CB, Bissada NF. Women’s health issues and their relationship to periodontitis. J Am Dent Assoc. 2002;133(3):323-329. doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2002.0171
27. Famili P, Cauley J, Suzuki JB, Weyant R. Longitudinal study of periodontal disease and edentulism with rates of bone loss in older women. J Periodontol. 2005;76(1):11-15. doi:10.1902/jop.2005.76.1.11
28. Fleiss JL, Park MH, Chilton NW, Alman JE, Feldman RS, Chauncey HH. Representativeness of the “Ramfjord teeth” for epidemiologic studies of gingivitis and periodontitis. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1987;15(4):221-224. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1987.tb00525.x
29. Cassol-Spanemberg J, Campillo E, Jané-Salas E, Lopez Lopez J. Burning Mouth Syndrome: Update. Oral Health Dent Manag. 2014;13:418-424. doi:10.12974/2311-8695.2014.02.01.2
30. Charleston L 4th. Burning mouth syndrome: a review of recent literature. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2013;17(6):336. doi:10.1007/s11916-013-0336-9
31. Gardner A, Carpenter G, So P-W. Salivary Metabolomics: From Diagnostic Biomarker Discovery to Investigating Biological Function. Metabolites. 2020;10(2):47. doi:10.3390/metabo10020047
32. Akalin FA, Baltacioğlu E, Alver A, Karabulut E. Lipid peroxidation levels and total oxidant status in serum, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid in patients with chronic periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2007;34(7):558-565. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.2007.01091.x
33. Tsai CC, Chen HS, Chen SL, et al. Lipid peroxidation: a possible role in the induction and progression of chronic periodontitis. J Periodontal Res. 2005;40(5):378-384. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0765.2005.00818.x
34. Konopka T, Król K, Kopeć W, Gerber H. Total antioxidant status and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine levels in gingival and peripheral blood of periodontitis patients. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2007;55(6):417-422. doi:10.1007/s00005-007-0047-1
35. Reher VGS, Zenóbio EG, Costa FO, Reher P, Soares R V. Nitric oxide levels in saliva increase with severity of chronic periodontitis. J Oral Sci. 2007;49(4):271-276. doi:10.2334/josnusd.49.271
36. Wei D, Zhang X-L, Wang Y-Z, Yang C-X, Chen G. Lipid peroxidation levels, total oxidant status and superoxide dismutase in serum, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid in chronic periodontitis patients before and after periodontal therapy. Aust Dent J. 2010;55(1):70-78. doi:10.1111/j.1834-7819.2009.01123.x
37. Güllü C, Ozmeric N, Tokman B, Elgün S, Balos K. Effectiveness of scaling and root planing versus modified Widman flap on nitric oxide synthase and arginase activity in patients with chronic periodontitis. J Periodontal Res. 2005;40(2):168-175. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0765.2005.00784.x
38. Batista AC, Silva TA, Chun JH, Lara VS. Nitric oxide synthesis and severity of human periodontal disease. Oral Dis. 2002;8(5):254-260. doi:10.1034/j.1601-0825.2002.02852.x
39. Norderyd OM, Grossi SG, Machtei EE, et al. Periodontal status of women taking postmenopausal estrogen supplementation. J Periodontol. 1993;64(10):957-962. doi:10.1902/jop.1993.64.10.957
40. Tezal M, Wactawski-Wende J, Grossi SG, Ho AW, Dunford R, Genco RJ. The relationship between bone mineral density and periodontitis in postmenopausal women. J Periodontol. 2000;71(9):1492-1498. doi:10.1902/jop.2000.71.9.1492
41. Geurs NC, Lewis CE, Jeffcoat MK. Osteoporosis and periodontal disease progression. Periodontol 2000. 2003;32:105-110. doi:10.1046/j.0906-6713.2003.03208.x
42. Mariotti A, Mawhinney M. Endocrinology of sex steroid hormones and cell dynamics in the periodontium. Periodontol 2000. 2013;61(1):69-88. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0757.2011.00424.x
43. Thompson IO, van der Bijl P, van Wyk CW, van Eyk AD. A comparative light-microscopic, electron-microscopic and chemical study of human vaginal and buccal epithelium. Arch Oral Biol. 2001;46(12):1091-1098. doi:10.1016/s0003-9969(01)00082-6
44. Page RC. The pathobiology of periodontal diseases may affect systemic diseases: inversion of a paradigm. Ann Periodontol. 1998;3(1):108-120. doi:10.1902/annals.1998.3.1.108
45. Klemetti E, Vainio P, Lassila V, Alhava E. Cortical bone mineral density in the mandible and osteoporosis status in postmenopausal women. Scand J Dent Res. 1993;101(4):219-223. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1993.tb01108.x
46. Kobayashi M, Matsumoto C, Hirata M, Tominari T, Inada M, Miyaura C. The correlation between postmenopausal osteoporosis and inflammatory periodontitis regarding bone loss in experimental models. Exp Anim. 2012;61(2):183-187. doi:10.1538/expanim.61.183
47. Subbiah MT, Kessel B, Agrawal M, Rajan R, Abplanalp W, Rymaszewski Z. Antioxidant potential of specific estrogens on lipid peroxidation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993;77(4):1095-1097. doi:10.1210/jcem.77.4.8408459
48. Sugioka K, Shimosegawa Y, Nakano M. Estrogens as natural antioxidants of membrane phospholipid peroxidation. FEBS Lett. 1987;210(1):37-39. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(87)81293-0
49. Baltacioğlu E, Akalin FA, Alver A, Balaban F, Unsal M, Karabulut E. Total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase activity levels in serum and gingival crevicular fluid in post-menopausal women with chronic periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol. 2006;33(6):385-392. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.2006.00923.x
50. De A. A Comparative Study of periodontal status among pre-menopausal and post-menopausal women. Published online March 1, 2020.
51. Wulandari P, Masulili SLC, Kusdhany LS, Tadjoedin FM, Puspitadewi SR, Baziad A. Differences in Periodontal Severity Between Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women with Chronic Periodontitis. Pesqui Bras em Odontopediatria e ClÃ\-nica Integr. 2019;19. http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1983-46322019000100431&nrm=iso
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53. Prasanna JS, Sumadhura C, Karunakar P. A Comparative Analysis of Pre- and Postmenopausal Females with Periodontitis and Its Response to a Non Invasive Clinical Approach. J menopausal Med. 2017;23(3):202-209. doi:10.6118/jmm.2017.23.3.202
54. Rüdin HJ, Overdiek HF, Rateitschak KH. Correlation between sulcus fluid rate and clinical and histological inflammation of the marginal gingiva. Helv Odontol Acta. 1970;14(1):21-26.
55. Hou LT, Liu CM, Rossomando EF. Crevicular interleukin-1 beta in moderate and severe periodontitis patients and the effect of phase I periodontal treatment. J Clin Periodontol. 1995;22(2):162-167. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1995.tb00128.x
56. Guentsch A, Preshaw PM, Bremer-Streck S, Klinger G, Glockmann E, Sigusch BW. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity in saliva of periodontitis patients: effect of smoking and periodontal treatment. Clin Oral Investig. 2008;12(4):345-352. doi:10.1007/s00784-008-0202-z
57. Jin L, Söder B, Corbet EF. Interleukin-8 and granulocyte elastase in gingival crevicular fluid in relation to periodontopathogens in untreated adult periodontitis. J Periodontol. 2000;71(6):929-939. doi:10.1902/jop.2000.71.6.929
58. Lamster IB, Oshrain RL, Gordon JM. Enzyme activity in human gingival crevicular fluid: considerations in data reporting based on analysis of individual crevicular sites. J Clin Periodontol. 1986;13(8):799-804. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1986.tb00885.x
59. Smith QT, Au GS, Freese PL, Osborn JB, Stoltenberg JL. Five parameters of gingival crevicular fluid from eight surfaces in periodontal health and disease. J Periodontal Res. 1992;27(5):466-475. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0765.1992.tb01819.x

Toplam 59 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	İngilizce
Konular	Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm	Original Research Articles
Yazarlar	Mahmut Kayaaltı 0000-0002-6660-3053 Vildan Bostancı 0000-0002-4460-301X Halef Dogan 0000-0001-8738-0760
Proje Numarası	DIS-248
Yayımlanma Tarihi	3 Ocak 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi	24 Eylül 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2021Cilt: 24 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

EndNote	Kayaaltı M, Bostancı V, Dogan H (01 Ocak 2022) THE EFFECT OF MENOPAUSE ON NADPH OXIDASE LEVELS AFTER NON-SURGICAL PERIODONTAL TREATMENTS ON PATIENTS WITH PERIODONTITIS. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 24 4 415–426.

Kapak Resmi İndir

Makale Dosyaları

Tam Metin

Cumhuriyet Dental Journal (Cumhuriyet Dent J, CDJ) is the official publication of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry. CDJ is an international journal dedicated to the latest advancement of dentistry. The aim of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments in different areas of dentistry. First issue of the Journal of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry was published in 1998. In 2010, journal's name was changed as Cumhuriyet Dental Journal. Journal’s publication language is English.

CDJ accepts articles in English. Submitting a paper to CDJ is free of charges. In addition, CDJ has not have article processing charges.

Frequency: Four times a year (March, June, September, and December)

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