Abstract
Objectives: Halimeter which a portable sulfide monitors, and Oral Chroma which a portable gas chromatograph, are devices that are widely used in the diagnosis of halitosis. The purpose of this study is to determine the amount of volatile sulfur compounds of periodontal healthy volunteers, periodontitis, and individuals having orthodontic treatment by Halimeter and Oral Chroma and to perform comparisons between the groups in the levels of halitosis.Materials and Methods: Thirty patients with periodontitis, 30 patients receiving orthodontic treatment and 30 healthy subjects were included in the study. Volatile sulfur compounds value of a total of 90 patients was measured by Halimeter and Oral Chroma.Results: Oral halitosis measurements between the three groups did not differ significantly between Oral Chroma and Halimeter. Tongue coating index, plaque index, gingival index, and probing pocket depth with the value of Oral Chroma and Halimeter results of oral halitosis showed a linear correlation in periodontitis group. Tongue coating index, and plaque index with the value of Oral Chroma and Halimeter results of oral halitosis showed a linear correlation in healthy group. Tongue coating index with the value of Oral Chroma and Halimeter results of oral halitosis showed a linear correlation in orthodontic group.Conclusions: Yongue coating was found to be the most decisive factor in estimating the odor score by both devices
References
- Tonzeitch J. Production and origin of oral malodor: A Review of mechanisms and methods of analysis. J Periodontol. 1977; 48: 13−20.
- Delanghe G, Ghyselen J, Feenstra L, van Steenberghe D. Experiences of a Belgian multidisciplinary breath odour clinic. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg. 1997; 51: 43−48.
- Delanghe G, Ghyselen J, van Steenberghe D, Feenstra L. Multidisciplinary breath-Odour clinic. Lancet 1997; 350: 187.
- Morita M, Wang HL. Association between oral malodor and adult periodontitis: a review. J Clin Periodontol. 2001; 28: 813–819
- Sanz M, Roldán S, Herrera D. Fundamentals of breath malodour. J Contemp Dent Pract 2001; 2: 1-17.
- Kleinberg I, Westbay G. Salivary and metabolic factors involved in oral malodor formation. J Periodontol. 1992; 63:768-775.
- Quirynen M, Zhao H, van Steenberghe D. Review of the treatment strategies for oral malodour. Clin Oral Investig. 2002; 6: 1-10.
- Zachrisson S, Zachrisson BU. Gingival condition associated with orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod. 1972; 42: 26-34.
- Levin L, Samorodnitzky-Naveh GR, Machtei EE. The association of orthodontic treatment and fixed retainers with gingival health. J Periodontol. 2008;79: 2087-2092.
- Zachrisson BU. Cause and prevention of injuries to teeth and supporting structures during orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod. 1976; 69: 285-300.
- Mitchell L. Decalcification during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances: an overview. Br J Orthod. 1992; 19: 199-205.
- Rosenberg M, Kulkarni GV, Bosy A, McCulloch CAG. Reproducibility and sensitivity of oral malodour measurements with a portable sulphide monitor. J Dent Res. 1991; 70: 1436-1400.
- Kim DJ, Lee JY, Kho HS, Chung JW, Park HK, Kim YK. A new organoleptic testing method for evaluating halitosis. J Periodontol. 2009; 80: 93-97.
- Hughes FJ, McNab R. Oral malodour-a review. Arch Oral Biol. 2008; 53:1-7.
- Annemiek MWT, Van den Broek, Louw F, Cees de Baat. A review of the current literature on aetiology and measurement methods of halitosis. J Dent. 2007; 35: 627– 635.
- Tangerman A, Winkel EG. The portable gas chromatograph OralChroma TM : a method of choice to detect oral and extra-oral halitosis. J Breath Res. 2008; 2: 1-7.
- Murata T, Rahardjo A, Fujiyama Y, Yamaga T, Hanada M, Yaegaki K, Miyazaki H. Development of compact and simple gas chromatography for oral malodor measurement. J Periodontol. 2006; 77: 1142-1147.
- Bosy A. Oral malodor: philosophical and practical aspects. J Can Dent Assoc. 1997; 63: 196- 201.
- Rayman S, Almas K. Halitosis among racially diverse populations: an update. Int J Dent Hyg. 2008; 6: 2–7.
- Scully C, Greenman J. Halitosis (breath odor). Periodontol 2000. 2008; 48: 65-75.
- Rosenberg M. Bad breath and periodontal disease: how related are they?. J Clin Periodontol. 2006; 33: 29–30.
- Rosenberg M. Clinical assessment of bad breath: Current concepts. J Am Dent Assoc. 1996; 127: 475- 482.
- Morita M, Wang HL. Relationship of sulcular sulfide level and oral malodor in subjects with periodontal disease. J Periodontol. 2001; 72: 79–84.
- Figueiredo LC, Rosetti EP, Marcantonio E Jr, Marcantonio RA, Salvador SL.The relationship of oral malodor in patients with or without periodontal disease. J Periodontol. 2002;73:1338-1342.
- Ka K, Nicolau B.Periodontal treatment combined with tongue cleaning reduces oral malodor among patients with periodontitis, whereas for patients with gingivitis, tongue cleaning alone is sufficient. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2012;12:159-161.
- Pham TA, Ueno M, Zaitsu T, Takehara S, Shinada K, Lam PH, Kawaguchi Y. Clinical trial of oral malodor treatment in patients with periodontal diseases. J Periodontal Res. 2011; 46:722-729.
- Babacan H, Sokucu O, Marakoglu I, Ozdemir H, Nalcaci R. Effect of fixed appliances on oral malodor. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011; 139:351-355.
- Nalçacı R, Ozat Y, Cokakoğlu S, Türkkahraman H, Onal S, Kaya S. Effect of bracket type on halitosis, periodontal status, and microbial colonization.Angle Orthod. 2013; 4 Published Online.
- Doruk C, Oztürk F, Ozdemir H, Nalçaci R. Oral and nasal malodor in patients with and without cleft lip and palate who had undergone orthodontic therapy. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2008; 45: 481-484.
- Levin L, Samorodnitzky-Naveh GR, Machtei EE. The association of orthodontic treatment and fixed retainers with gingival health. J Periodontol. 2008;79: 2087-2092.
- Evirgen S, Kamburoğlu K. Effects of tongue coating and oral health on halitosis among dental students. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2013;11:1691
- McNamara TF, Alexander JF, Lee M. The role of microorganisms in the production of oral malodor. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1972;34: 41-48.
- Tonzetich J, McBride BC. Characterization of volatile sulphur production by pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of oral bacteroides. Arch Oral Biol. 1981; 26: 963–969.
- Persson S, Edlund MB, Claesson R, Carlsson J. The formation of hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan by oral bacteria. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1990; 5:195–201.
- Goldberg S, Cardash H, Browning H. Isolation of Enterobacteriaceae from the mouth and potential association with malodor. J Dent Res. 1997; 76:1770-1775.
- Miyazaki H, Sakao S, Katoh Y, Takehara T. Correlation between volatile sulphur compounds and certain oral health measurements in the general population. J Periodontol. 1995; 66: 679-684.
- Vandekerckhove B, Van den Velde S, De Smit M, Dadamio J, Teughels W, Van Tornout M, Quirynen M. Clinical reliability of non-organoleptic oral malodour measurements. J Clin Periodontol. 2009; 36: 964–969.
- De Boever EH, Loesche WJ. Assessing the contribution of anaerobic microflora of the tongue to oral malodor. J Am Dent Microbiol 1996; 34: 537–542.
- Calil C, Liberato FL, Pereira AC, de Castro Meneghim M, Goodson JM, Groppo FC. The elationship between volatile sulphur compounds, tongue coating and periodontal disease. Int J Dent Hygiene 2009; 7: 251–255.
- Yasukawa T, Ohmori M, Sato S. The relationship between physiologic halitosis and Periodontopathic bacteria of the tongue and gingival sulcus; Odontol. 2010; 98: 44-51.
- Zurfluh MA, van Waes HJ, Filippi A. The influence of fixed orthodontic appliances on halitosis. Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed. 2013;123:1064-1069.
- Salako N., Philip L. Comparison of the use of the Halimeter and the Oral Chroma in the ssessment of the ability of common cultivable oral anaerobic bacteria to produce malodorous volatile sulfur compounds from cysteine and methionine. Med Princ Pract. 2011; 20: 75–79.
- How to cite this article: Özge Göktürk, İnci Devrim. Farklı Hasta Gruplarında Periodontal Durum ile Halitozis İlişkisinin Değerlendirilmesi. Cumhuriyet Dent J 2014;17(4):350-360.
Abstract
ÖZET
Amaç: Taşınabilir bir sülfit monitörü olan Halimetre ve yine taşınabilir bir gaz kromatograf olan Oral Chroma, ağız kokusu teşhisinde yaygın olarak kullanılmakta olan cihazlardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; periodontal açıdan sağlıklı, periodontitisli ve ortodontik tedavi gören bireylerde klinik periodontal değerler ile uçucu sülfür bileşikleri miktarlarının Oral Chroma ve Halimetre yardımıyla belirlenmesi ve halitozis düzeylerinin gruplar arası kıyaslamalarının yapılmasıdır.
Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışmaya 30 Periodontitisli, 30 ortodontik tedavi gören ve 30 sağlıklı birey dahil edilmiştir. Toplam 90 bireyin nefeslerindeki uçucu sülfür bileşik değerleri hem Oral Chroma ile hem de Halimetre cihazı ile ölçülmüştür.
Sonuçlar: Gruplar arasındaki ağız kokusu ölçümlerinde Oral Chroma ve Halimetre arasında farklılık gözlenmemiştir. Periodontitisli grupta Halimetre ve Oral Chroma ölçüm değeri ile dil kaplama indeksi, plak indeksi, gingival indeks ve sondalama cep derinliği doğrusal bir ilişki gösterirken, sağlıklı grupta dil kaplama indeksi ve plak indeksi, ortodontik tedavi gören grupta ise sadece dil kaplama indeksi doğrusal bir ilişki göstermiştir.
Sonuç olarak; dil kaplamasının her iki cihazda da koku skorunun tahmin edilmesinde en belirleyici faktör olduğu bulunmuştur.
Keywords
References
- Tonzeitch J. Production and origin of oral malodor: A Review of mechanisms and methods of analysis. J Periodontol. 1977; 48: 13−20.
- Delanghe G, Ghyselen J, Feenstra L, van Steenberghe D. Experiences of a Belgian multidisciplinary breath odour clinic. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg. 1997; 51: 43−48.
- Delanghe G, Ghyselen J, van Steenberghe D, Feenstra L. Multidisciplinary breath-Odour clinic. Lancet 1997; 350: 187.
- Morita M, Wang HL. Association between oral malodor and adult periodontitis: a review. J Clin Periodontol. 2001; 28: 813–819
- Sanz M, Roldán S, Herrera D. Fundamentals of breath malodour. J Contemp Dent Pract 2001; 2: 1-17.
- Kleinberg I, Westbay G. Salivary and metabolic factors involved in oral malodor formation. J Periodontol. 1992; 63:768-775.
- Quirynen M, Zhao H, van Steenberghe D. Review of the treatment strategies for oral malodour. Clin Oral Investig. 2002; 6: 1-10.
- Zachrisson S, Zachrisson BU. Gingival condition associated with orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod. 1972; 42: 26-34.
- Levin L, Samorodnitzky-Naveh GR, Machtei EE. The association of orthodontic treatment and fixed retainers with gingival health. J Periodontol. 2008;79: 2087-2092.
- Zachrisson BU. Cause and prevention of injuries to teeth and supporting structures during orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod. 1976; 69: 285-300.
- Mitchell L. Decalcification during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances: an overview. Br J Orthod. 1992; 19: 199-205.
- Rosenberg M, Kulkarni GV, Bosy A, McCulloch CAG. Reproducibility and sensitivity of oral malodour measurements with a portable sulphide monitor. J Dent Res. 1991; 70: 1436-1400.
- Kim DJ, Lee JY, Kho HS, Chung JW, Park HK, Kim YK. A new organoleptic testing method for evaluating halitosis. J Periodontol. 2009; 80: 93-97.
- Hughes FJ, McNab R. Oral malodour-a review. Arch Oral Biol. 2008; 53:1-7.
- Annemiek MWT, Van den Broek, Louw F, Cees de Baat. A review of the current literature on aetiology and measurement methods of halitosis. J Dent. 2007; 35: 627– 635.
- Tangerman A, Winkel EG. The portable gas chromatograph OralChroma TM : a method of choice to detect oral and extra-oral halitosis. J Breath Res. 2008; 2: 1-7.
- Murata T, Rahardjo A, Fujiyama Y, Yamaga T, Hanada M, Yaegaki K, Miyazaki H. Development of compact and simple gas chromatography for oral malodor measurement. J Periodontol. 2006; 77: 1142-1147.
- Bosy A. Oral malodor: philosophical and practical aspects. J Can Dent Assoc. 1997; 63: 196- 201.
- Rayman S, Almas K. Halitosis among racially diverse populations: an update. Int J Dent Hyg. 2008; 6: 2–7.
- Scully C, Greenman J. Halitosis (breath odor). Periodontol 2000. 2008; 48: 65-75.
- Rosenberg M. Bad breath and periodontal disease: how related are they?. J Clin Periodontol. 2006; 33: 29–30.
- Rosenberg M. Clinical assessment of bad breath: Current concepts. J Am Dent Assoc. 1996; 127: 475- 482.
- Morita M, Wang HL. Relationship of sulcular sulfide level and oral malodor in subjects with periodontal disease. J Periodontol. 2001; 72: 79–84.
- Figueiredo LC, Rosetti EP, Marcantonio E Jr, Marcantonio RA, Salvador SL.The relationship of oral malodor in patients with or without periodontal disease. J Periodontol. 2002;73:1338-1342.
- Ka K, Nicolau B.Periodontal treatment combined with tongue cleaning reduces oral malodor among patients with periodontitis, whereas for patients with gingivitis, tongue cleaning alone is sufficient. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2012;12:159-161.
- Pham TA, Ueno M, Zaitsu T, Takehara S, Shinada K, Lam PH, Kawaguchi Y. Clinical trial of oral malodor treatment in patients with periodontal diseases. J Periodontal Res. 2011; 46:722-729.
- Babacan H, Sokucu O, Marakoglu I, Ozdemir H, Nalcaci R. Effect of fixed appliances on oral malodor. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011; 139:351-355.
- Nalçacı R, Ozat Y, Cokakoğlu S, Türkkahraman H, Onal S, Kaya S. Effect of bracket type on halitosis, periodontal status, and microbial colonization.Angle Orthod. 2013; 4 Published Online.
- Doruk C, Oztürk F, Ozdemir H, Nalçaci R. Oral and nasal malodor in patients with and without cleft lip and palate who had undergone orthodontic therapy. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2008; 45: 481-484.
- Levin L, Samorodnitzky-Naveh GR, Machtei EE. The association of orthodontic treatment and fixed retainers with gingival health. J Periodontol. 2008;79: 2087-2092.
- Evirgen S, Kamburoğlu K. Effects of tongue coating and oral health on halitosis among dental students. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2013;11:1691
- McNamara TF, Alexander JF, Lee M. The role of microorganisms in the production of oral malodor. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1972;34: 41-48.
- Tonzetich J, McBride BC. Characterization of volatile sulphur production by pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains of oral bacteroides. Arch Oral Biol. 1981; 26: 963–969.
- Persson S, Edlund MB, Claesson R, Carlsson J. The formation of hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan by oral bacteria. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1990; 5:195–201.
- Goldberg S, Cardash H, Browning H. Isolation of Enterobacteriaceae from the mouth and potential association with malodor. J Dent Res. 1997; 76:1770-1775.
- Miyazaki H, Sakao S, Katoh Y, Takehara T. Correlation between volatile sulphur compounds and certain oral health measurements in the general population. J Periodontol. 1995; 66: 679-684.
- Vandekerckhove B, Van den Velde S, De Smit M, Dadamio J, Teughels W, Van Tornout M, Quirynen M. Clinical reliability of non-organoleptic oral malodour measurements. J Clin Periodontol. 2009; 36: 964–969.
- De Boever EH, Loesche WJ. Assessing the contribution of anaerobic microflora of the tongue to oral malodor. J Am Dent Microbiol 1996; 34: 537–542.
- Calil C, Liberato FL, Pereira AC, de Castro Meneghim M, Goodson JM, Groppo FC. The elationship between volatile sulphur compounds, tongue coating and periodontal disease. Int J Dent Hygiene 2009; 7: 251–255.
- Yasukawa T, Ohmori M, Sato S. The relationship between physiologic halitosis and Periodontopathic bacteria of the tongue and gingival sulcus; Odontol. 2010; 98: 44-51.
- Zurfluh MA, van Waes HJ, Filippi A. The influence of fixed orthodontic appliances on halitosis. Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed. 2013;123:1064-1069.
- Salako N., Philip L. Comparison of the use of the Halimeter and the Oral Chroma in the ssessment of the ability of common cultivable oral anaerobic bacteria to produce malodorous volatile sulfur compounds from cysteine and methionine. Med Princ Pract. 2011; 20: 75–79.
- How to cite this article: Özge Göktürk, İnci Devrim. Farklı Hasta Gruplarında Periodontal Durum ile Halitozis İlişkisinin Değerlendirilmesi. Cumhuriyet Dent J 2014;17(4):350-360.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Original Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | April 3, 2014 |
| Submission Date | April 3, 2014 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2014Volume: 17 Issue: 4 |
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