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Implant fractures in implant supported fixed and removable dentures

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 4, 308 - 318, 01.11.2013

Gonca Duygu , Zeynep Özkurt , Kemal Şençift Ender Kazazoğlu

https://doi.org/10.7126/cdj.2012.1496

Öz

Objectives: The aim of this case report is to present the treatment methods of implant fractures observed in 2 edentulous patients who rehabilitated with fixed and removable dentures.
Materials and Methods: The widespread use of endosseous osseointegrated implants to replace missing natural teeth results with the complications and failures, despite the high initial success rate reported in the literature. Complications on dental implants may be observed in short or long term periods. Implant fracture is one of the mechanical complications that can be encountered in the long term period and may be related to implant type, width, location, bone support, occlusal forces, restoration design or time. Fracture of the implants is a rare phenomenon with severe clinical results. It is important to know and apply the measures required to prevent implant fracture, and to seek the best individualized solution for each case - though complete implant removal is usually the treatment of choice.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dental implant complication fracture

Kaynakça

  • Adell R, Lekholm U, Rockler B, Branemark PI. A 15-year study of osseointegrated
  • implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw. Int J Oral Surg, 1981;10:387-416.
  • Adell R, Eriksson B, Lekholm U, Branemark PI, Jemt T. Long-term follow-up study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of totally edentulous jaws. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 1990;5:347-59.
  • Albrektsson T, Zarb G, Worthington P, Eriksson AR. The long-term efficacy ofcurrently used dental implants: a review and proposed criteria of success. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 1986;1:11-25.
  • Albrektsson T, Blomberg S, Branemark A, Carlsson GE. Edentulousness--an oral handicap. Patient reactions to treatment with jawbone-anchored prostheses. J Oral Rehabil, 1987;14:503-11.
  • Albrektsson T, Dahl E, Enbom L, Engevall S, Engquist B, Eriksson AR, et al. Osseointegrated oral implants. A Swedish multicenter study of 8139 consecutively inserted Nobelpharma implants. J Periodontol, 1988;59:287-96.
  • Albrektsson T. A multicenter report on osseointegrated oral implants. J Prosthet Dent, 1988;60:75-84.
  • Naert I, Koutsikakis G, Duyck J, Quirynen M, Jacobs R, van Steenberghe D. Biologic outcome of implant-supported restorations in the treatment of partial edentulism. Part 1: a longitudinal clinical evaluation. Clin Oral Implants Res, 2002;13:381-9.
  • Naert I, Koutsikakis G, Quirynen M, Duyck J, van Steenberghe D, Jacobs R. Biologic outcome of implant-supported restorations in the treatment of partial edentulism. Part 2: a longitudinal radiographic study. Clin Oral Implants Res, 2002;13:390-5.
  • Rangert Zarb GA, Schmitt A. The longitudinal clinical effectiveness of osseointegrated dental implants: the Toronto study. Part III. Problems and complication encountered. J Prosthet Dent, 1990;64:185-94.
  • Tonetti MS, Schmid J. Pathogenesis of implant failures. Periodontol 2000, 1994;4:127-38.
  • Nedir R, Bischof M, Szmukler-Moncler S, Belser UC, Samson J. Prosthetic complications with dental implants: from an up-to- 8-year experience in private practice. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 2006;21:919-28.
  • Eckert SE, Meraw SJ, Cal E, Ow RK. Analysis of incidence and associated factors with fractured implants: a retrospective study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 2000;15:662- 7.
  • Schwarz MS. Mechanical complications of dental implants. Clin Oral Implants Res, 2000;11:156-8.
  • Balshi TJ. An analysis and management of fractured implants: a clinical report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 1996;11:660-6.
  • Jemt T, Lekholm U. Oral implant treatment in posterior partially edentulous jaws: a 5-year follow-up report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 1993;8:635-40.
  • Balshi TJ, Hernandez RE, Pryszlak MC, Rangert B. A comparative study of one implant versus two replacing a single molar. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 1996;11:372-8.
  • Cranin AN, Dibling JB, Simons A, Klein M, Sirakian A. Report of the incidence of implant insert fracture and repair of Core-Vent dental implants. J Oral Implantol, 1990;16:184-8.
  • Lanyon LE, Goodship AE, Pye CJ, MacFie JH. Mechanically adaptive bone remodelling. J Biomech, 1982;15:141-54.
  • Quirynen M, Naert I, van Steenberghe D. Fixture design and overload influence marginal bone loss and fixture success in the Branemark system. Clin Oral Implants Res, 1992;3:104-11.
  • Tagger Green N, Machtei EE, Horwitz J, Peled M. Fracture of dental implants: literature review and report of a case. Implant Dent, 2002;11:137-43.
  • Abrahamsson I, Soldini C. Probe pernetration in periodontal and peri-implant tissues: an experimental study in beagle dog. Clin Oral Impl Res, 2006;17:601-605.
  • Astrand P, Engquist B, Dahlgren S, Kertsin E, Feldmann H. Astra Tech and Branemarksystem implants: a 5 –year prospective study of marginal bone reactions. Clin Oral Impl Res, 2004;15:413-420.
  • Baat C. Success of dental implants in elderly people- a literature review. The Gerodontology Association, 2000;17:45-48.
  • Karoussis IK, Bragger U, Salvi GE, Bürgin W, Lang NP. Effect of implant design on survival and success rates of titanium oral implants: a 10 year prospective cohort study of the ITI Dental Implant System. Clin Oral Impl Res, 2004;15: 8-17.
  • Kitamura E, Stegaroui R, Nomura S, Miyakawa O. Biomechanical aspects of marginal bone resorption around osseointegrated implants: considerations based on a threedimensional finite element analysis. Clin Oral Impl Res, 2004;15:401-412.
  • Leonhardt A, Gröndahl K, Bergström C, Lekholm U. Long-term follow-up of osseointegrated titanium implants using clinical, radiographic and microbiological parameters. Clin Oral Impl Res, 2002;13:127-132.
  • Linkow L I, Rinaldi A W, Weiss W W, Smith G: Factors Influencing Long Term Implat Success. J Prosth Dent, 1990;63:64-73.
  • Steenberghe D.V., Qurynen M., Moly L., Jacobs R. Impact of systemic diseases and medication on osseointegration. Periodontology 2000, 2003;33:163-171.
  • Weber HP, Crohin CC, Fiorellini JP. A 5-year prospective clinical and radiographic study of non-submerged dental implants. Clin Oral Impl Res, 2000;11:144-153.
  • Tolman DE, Laney WR. Tissue-integrated prosthesis complications. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 1992;7:477-84.
  • Rangert B, Krogh PH, Langer B, Van Roekel N. Bending overload and implant fracture: a retrospective clinical analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants,1995; 10:326-34.
  • Naert I, Quirynen M, Van Steenberghe D, Darius P. A study of 589 consecutive implants supporting complete fixed prostheses. Part II: Prosthetic aspects. J Prosthet Dent, 1992; 68:949-56.
  • Gunne J, Jemt T, Lindén B. Implant treatment in partially edentulous patients: a report on prostheses after 3 years. Int J Prosthodont, 1994;7:143-8.
  • Lekhom U, van Steenberghe D, Herrmann I, Bolender C, Folmer T, Gumme J et al. Osseointegrated implants in the treatment of partially edentulous jaws. A prospective 5-year multicenter study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implant, 1994;9:627-35.
  • Pylant T, Triplett RG, Key MC, Brunsvold MA. A retrospective evaluation of endosseous titanium implants in the partially edentulous patient. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 1992;7:195-202.
  • Goodacre CJ, Kan JY, Rungcharassaeng K. Clinical complications of osseointegrated implants. J Prosthet Dent, 1999;8:537-52.
  • Piattelli A, Scarano A, Piattelli M. Histologic observations on 230 retrieved dental implants: 8 years’ experience (1989-1996). J Periodontol, 1998;69:178-84.
  • Steinebrunner L, Wolfart S, Ludwig K, Kern M. Implant– abutment interface design affects fatigue and fracture strength of implants. Clin Oral Imp Res, 2008;19:1276–1284.
  • Piattelli A, Piattelli M, Scarano A, Montesani L. Light and scanning electron microscopic report of four fractured implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 1998;13:561-4.
  • Tosun T, Karabuda C, Cuhadaroglu C. Evaluation of sleep bruxism by polysomnographic analysis in patients with dental implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 2003;18:286-92.
  • Nishimura RD, Beumer J 3rd, Perri GR, Davodi A. Implants in the partially edentulous patient: restorative considerations. J Calif Dent Assoc, 1997;25:866-71.
  • Gargallo Albiol J, Satorres-Nieto M, Puyuelo Capablo JL, Sánchez Garcés MA, Pi Urgell J, Gay Escoda C. Endosseous dental implant fractures: an analysis of 21 cases. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal, 2008;13:E124-8.
  • Linkow LI, Donath K, Lemons JE. Retrieval analyses of a blade implant after 231 months of clinical function. Implant Dent, 1992;1:37-43.
  • Morgan MJ, James DF, Pilliar RM. Fractures of the fixture component of an osseointegrated implant. Int J Oral MaxillofacImplan, 1993;8:409-14.
  • Carlson B, Carlsson GE. Prosthodontic complications in osseointegrated dental
  • implant treatment. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 1994;9:90-4.
  • Sato Y, Shindoi N, Hosokawa R, Tsuga K, Akagawa Y. A biomechanical effect of wide implant placement and offset placement of three implants in the posterior
  • partially edentulous region. J Oral Rehabil, 2000;27:15-21.
  • Brunski JB, Puleo DA, Nanci A. Biomaterials and biomechanics of oral and maxillofacial implants: current status and future developments. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 2000;15:15-46.
  • Taylor TD, Agar JR, Vogiatzi T. Implant prosthodontics: current perspective and future directions. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 2000;15:66-75.
  • Balshi TJ. Preventing and resolving complications with osseointegrated implants.
  • Dent Clin North Am, 1989;33:821-68.
  • Weinberg LA. The biomechanics of force distribution in implant-supported
  • prostheses. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 1993;8:19-31.
  • Piattelli A, Scarano A, Piattelli M, Vaia E, Matarasso S. Hollow implants retrieved for fracture: a light and scanning electron microscope analysis of 4 cases. J Periodonto, 1998;69:185-9.
  • Niznick GA. Bending overload and implant fracture: a retrospective clinical analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 1996;11:431-2.
  • Barbosa GAS, Bernandes SR, Neves FD, Neto AJF, Mattos MGC, Ribeiro RF. Relation between Implant/Abutment Vertical Misfit and Torque Loss of Abutment Screws. Braz Dent J, 2008;19: 358-363.
  • Engel E, Gomez-Roman G, Axmann-Krcmar D. Effect of occlusal wear on bone loss and Periotest value of dental implants. Int J Prosthodont, 2001;14:444-50.
  • Eckert SE, Wollan PC. Retrospective review of 1170 endosseous implants placed in partially edentulous jaws. J Prosthet Dent, 1998;79:415-21.
  • Langer B, Langer L, Herrmann I, Jorneus L. The wide fixture: a solution for special bone situations and a rescue for the compromised implant. Part 1. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 1993;8:400-8.
  • Binon PP. Implants and components: entering the new millennium. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 2000;15:76-94.
  • Rangert B, Jemt T, Jorneus L. Forces and moments on Branemark implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 1989;4:241-7.
  • Bakaeen LG, Winkler S, Neff PA. The effect of implant diameter, restoration design, and occlusal table variations on screw loosening of posterior single-tooth implant restorations. J Oral Implantol, 2001;27:63-72.
  • Sánchez-Pérez A, Moya-Villaescusa MJ, Jornet-Garcia A, Gomez S. Etiology, risk factors and management of implant fractures. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal, 2010;15:e504-8.

İmplant destekli sabit ve hareketli protezlerde implant kırığı komplikasyonu

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 4, 308 - 318, 01.11.2013

Gonca Duygu , Zeynep Özkurt , Kemal Şençift Ender Kazazoğlu

https://doi.org/10.7126/cdj.2012.1496

Öz

Amaç: Bu vaka sunumunda, iki farklı protetik restorasyonla tedavi edilen tam dişsiz iki hastada izlenen implant kırığı ve tedavi seçenekleri bildirilmektedir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Osteointegre implantların klinikte kullanımının artmasıyla, implantlarda izlenen başarısızlık ve komplikasyon gelişme oranı da artmaktadır. Dental implant komplikasyonları, erken ve geç dönem komplikasyonları olarak 2 dönemde incelenebilmektedir. Geç dönem izlenen mekanik komplikasyonlardan biri olan implant kırığı oluşma riski implant tipi, genişliği, lokalizasyonu, kemik desteği, oklüzal yüklenme, protetik restorasyonun dizaynı ve süre gibi birçok faktöre bağlı olarak değişebilmektedir. İmplant kırığı gelişme oranı düşük olmasına rağmen, implant prognozunu olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Bu nedenle implant kırığına neden olan faktörlerin belirlenmesi kırık oluşumunun önlenmesinde ve kırık tipine göre tedavinin uygulanmasında önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dental implant komplikasyon kırık

Kaynakça

  • Adell R, Lekholm U, Rockler B, Branemark PI. A 15-year study of osseointegrated
  • implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw. Int J Oral Surg, 1981;10:387-416.
  • Adell R, Eriksson B, Lekholm U, Branemark PI, Jemt T. Long-term follow-up study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of totally edentulous jaws. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 1990;5:347-59.
  • Albrektsson T, Zarb G, Worthington P, Eriksson AR. The long-term efficacy ofcurrently used dental implants: a review and proposed criteria of success. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 1986;1:11-25.
  • Albrektsson T, Blomberg S, Branemark A, Carlsson GE. Edentulousness--an oral handicap. Patient reactions to treatment with jawbone-anchored prostheses. J Oral Rehabil, 1987;14:503-11.
  • Albrektsson T, Dahl E, Enbom L, Engevall S, Engquist B, Eriksson AR, et al. Osseointegrated oral implants. A Swedish multicenter study of 8139 consecutively inserted Nobelpharma implants. J Periodontol, 1988;59:287-96.
  • Albrektsson T. A multicenter report on osseointegrated oral implants. J Prosthet Dent, 1988;60:75-84.
  • Naert I, Koutsikakis G, Duyck J, Quirynen M, Jacobs R, van Steenberghe D. Biologic outcome of implant-supported restorations in the treatment of partial edentulism. Part 1: a longitudinal clinical evaluation. Clin Oral Implants Res, 2002;13:381-9.
  • Naert I, Koutsikakis G, Quirynen M, Duyck J, van Steenberghe D, Jacobs R. Biologic outcome of implant-supported restorations in the treatment of partial edentulism. Part 2: a longitudinal radiographic study. Clin Oral Implants Res, 2002;13:390-5.
  • Rangert Zarb GA, Schmitt A. The longitudinal clinical effectiveness of osseointegrated dental implants: the Toronto study. Part III. Problems and complication encountered. J Prosthet Dent, 1990;64:185-94.
  • Tonetti MS, Schmid J. Pathogenesis of implant failures. Periodontol 2000, 1994;4:127-38.
  • Nedir R, Bischof M, Szmukler-Moncler S, Belser UC, Samson J. Prosthetic complications with dental implants: from an up-to- 8-year experience in private practice. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 2006;21:919-28.
  • Eckert SE, Meraw SJ, Cal E, Ow RK. Analysis of incidence and associated factors with fractured implants: a retrospective study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 2000;15:662- 7.
  • Schwarz MS. Mechanical complications of dental implants. Clin Oral Implants Res, 2000;11:156-8.
  • Balshi TJ. An analysis and management of fractured implants: a clinical report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 1996;11:660-6.
  • Jemt T, Lekholm U. Oral implant treatment in posterior partially edentulous jaws: a 5-year follow-up report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 1993;8:635-40.
  • Balshi TJ, Hernandez RE, Pryszlak MC, Rangert B. A comparative study of one implant versus two replacing a single molar. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 1996;11:372-8.
  • Cranin AN, Dibling JB, Simons A, Klein M, Sirakian A. Report of the incidence of implant insert fracture and repair of Core-Vent dental implants. J Oral Implantol, 1990;16:184-8.
  • Lanyon LE, Goodship AE, Pye CJ, MacFie JH. Mechanically adaptive bone remodelling. J Biomech, 1982;15:141-54.
  • Quirynen M, Naert I, van Steenberghe D. Fixture design and overload influence marginal bone loss and fixture success in the Branemark system. Clin Oral Implants Res, 1992;3:104-11.
  • Tagger Green N, Machtei EE, Horwitz J, Peled M. Fracture of dental implants: literature review and report of a case. Implant Dent, 2002;11:137-43.
  • Abrahamsson I, Soldini C. Probe pernetration in periodontal and peri-implant tissues: an experimental study in beagle dog. Clin Oral Impl Res, 2006;17:601-605.
  • Astrand P, Engquist B, Dahlgren S, Kertsin E, Feldmann H. Astra Tech and Branemarksystem implants: a 5 –year prospective study of marginal bone reactions. Clin Oral Impl Res, 2004;15:413-420.
  • Baat C. Success of dental implants in elderly people- a literature review. The Gerodontology Association, 2000;17:45-48.
  • Karoussis IK, Bragger U, Salvi GE, Bürgin W, Lang NP. Effect of implant design on survival and success rates of titanium oral implants: a 10 year prospective cohort study of the ITI Dental Implant System. Clin Oral Impl Res, 2004;15: 8-17.
  • Kitamura E, Stegaroui R, Nomura S, Miyakawa O. Biomechanical aspects of marginal bone resorption around osseointegrated implants: considerations based on a threedimensional finite element analysis. Clin Oral Impl Res, 2004;15:401-412.
  • Leonhardt A, Gröndahl K, Bergström C, Lekholm U. Long-term follow-up of osseointegrated titanium implants using clinical, radiographic and microbiological parameters. Clin Oral Impl Res, 2002;13:127-132.
  • Linkow L I, Rinaldi A W, Weiss W W, Smith G: Factors Influencing Long Term Implat Success. J Prosth Dent, 1990;63:64-73.
  • Steenberghe D.V., Qurynen M., Moly L., Jacobs R. Impact of systemic diseases and medication on osseointegration. Periodontology 2000, 2003;33:163-171.
  • Weber HP, Crohin CC, Fiorellini JP. A 5-year prospective clinical and radiographic study of non-submerged dental implants. Clin Oral Impl Res, 2000;11:144-153.
  • Tolman DE, Laney WR. Tissue-integrated prosthesis complications. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 1992;7:477-84.
  • Rangert B, Krogh PH, Langer B, Van Roekel N. Bending overload and implant fracture: a retrospective clinical analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants,1995; 10:326-34.
  • Naert I, Quirynen M, Van Steenberghe D, Darius P. A study of 589 consecutive implants supporting complete fixed prostheses. Part II: Prosthetic aspects. J Prosthet Dent, 1992; 68:949-56.
  • Gunne J, Jemt T, Lindén B. Implant treatment in partially edentulous patients: a report on prostheses after 3 years. Int J Prosthodont, 1994;7:143-8.
  • Lekhom U, van Steenberghe D, Herrmann I, Bolender C, Folmer T, Gumme J et al. Osseointegrated implants in the treatment of partially edentulous jaws. A prospective 5-year multicenter study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implant, 1994;9:627-35.
  • Pylant T, Triplett RG, Key MC, Brunsvold MA. A retrospective evaluation of endosseous titanium implants in the partially edentulous patient. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 1992;7:195-202.
  • Goodacre CJ, Kan JY, Rungcharassaeng K. Clinical complications of osseointegrated implants. J Prosthet Dent, 1999;8:537-52.
  • Piattelli A, Scarano A, Piattelli M. Histologic observations on 230 retrieved dental implants: 8 years’ experience (1989-1996). J Periodontol, 1998;69:178-84.
  • Steinebrunner L, Wolfart S, Ludwig K, Kern M. Implant– abutment interface design affects fatigue and fracture strength of implants. Clin Oral Imp Res, 2008;19:1276–1284.
  • Piattelli A, Piattelli M, Scarano A, Montesani L. Light and scanning electron microscopic report of four fractured implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 1998;13:561-4.
  • Tosun T, Karabuda C, Cuhadaroglu C. Evaluation of sleep bruxism by polysomnographic analysis in patients with dental implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 2003;18:286-92.
  • Nishimura RD, Beumer J 3rd, Perri GR, Davodi A. Implants in the partially edentulous patient: restorative considerations. J Calif Dent Assoc, 1997;25:866-71.
  • Gargallo Albiol J, Satorres-Nieto M, Puyuelo Capablo JL, Sánchez Garcés MA, Pi Urgell J, Gay Escoda C. Endosseous dental implant fractures: an analysis of 21 cases. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal, 2008;13:E124-8.
  • Linkow LI, Donath K, Lemons JE. Retrieval analyses of a blade implant after 231 months of clinical function. Implant Dent, 1992;1:37-43.
  • Morgan MJ, James DF, Pilliar RM. Fractures of the fixture component of an osseointegrated implant. Int J Oral MaxillofacImplan, 1993;8:409-14.
  • Carlson B, Carlsson GE. Prosthodontic complications in osseointegrated dental
  • implant treatment. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 1994;9:90-4.
  • Sato Y, Shindoi N, Hosokawa R, Tsuga K, Akagawa Y. A biomechanical effect of wide implant placement and offset placement of three implants in the posterior
  • partially edentulous region. J Oral Rehabil, 2000;27:15-21.
  • Brunski JB, Puleo DA, Nanci A. Biomaterials and biomechanics of oral and maxillofacial implants: current status and future developments. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 2000;15:15-46.
  • Taylor TD, Agar JR, Vogiatzi T. Implant prosthodontics: current perspective and future directions. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 2000;15:66-75.
  • Balshi TJ. Preventing and resolving complications with osseointegrated implants.
  • Dent Clin North Am, 1989;33:821-68.
  • Weinberg LA. The biomechanics of force distribution in implant-supported
  • prostheses. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 1993;8:19-31.
  • Piattelli A, Scarano A, Piattelli M, Vaia E, Matarasso S. Hollow implants retrieved for fracture: a light and scanning electron microscope analysis of 4 cases. J Periodonto, 1998;69:185-9.
  • Niznick GA. Bending overload and implant fracture: a retrospective clinical analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 1996;11:431-2.
  • Barbosa GAS, Bernandes SR, Neves FD, Neto AJF, Mattos MGC, Ribeiro RF. Relation between Implant/Abutment Vertical Misfit and Torque Loss of Abutment Screws. Braz Dent J, 2008;19: 358-363.
  • Engel E, Gomez-Roman G, Axmann-Krcmar D. Effect of occlusal wear on bone loss and Periotest value of dental implants. Int J Prosthodont, 2001;14:444-50.
  • Eckert SE, Wollan PC. Retrospective review of 1170 endosseous implants placed in partially edentulous jaws. J Prosthet Dent, 1998;79:415-21.
  • Langer B, Langer L, Herrmann I, Jorneus L. The wide fixture: a solution for special bone situations and a rescue for the compromised implant. Part 1. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 1993;8:400-8.
  • Binon PP. Implants and components: entering the new millennium. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 2000;15:76-94.
  • Rangert B, Jemt T, Jorneus L. Forces and moments on Branemark implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 1989;4:241-7.
  • Bakaeen LG, Winkler S, Neff PA. The effect of implant diameter, restoration design, and occlusal table variations on screw loosening of posterior single-tooth implant restorations. J Oral Implantol, 2001;27:63-72.
  • Sánchez-Pérez A, Moya-Villaescusa MJ, Jornet-Garcia A, Gomez S. Etiology, risk factors and management of implant fractures. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal, 2010;15:e504-8.
Toplam 65 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Case Reports
Yazarlar

Gonca Duygu

Zeynep Özkurt

Kemal Şençift

Ender Kazazoğlu

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Kasım 2013
Gönderilme Tarihi 9 Nisan 2012
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013Cilt: 16 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

EndNote Duygu G, Özkurt Z, Şençift K, Kazazoğlu E (01 Kasım 2013) İmplant destekli sabit ve hareketli protezlerde implant kırığı komplikasyonu. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 16 4 308–318.

Cumhuriyet Dental Journal (Cumhuriyet Dent J, CDJ) is the official publication of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry. CDJ is an international journal dedicated to the latest advancement of dentistry. The aim of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments in different areas of dentistry. First issue of the Journal of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry was published in 1998. In 2010, journal's name was changed as Cumhuriyet Dental Journal. Journal’s publication language is English.


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