BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Peri-implant hastalıklar

Yıl 2008, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 59 - 65, 11.11.2011

Alparslan Dilsiz Meltem Zihni M Yavuz

Öz

The treatment of partially or totally edentulous subjects with oral implants is a common procedure. Biological complications are occur around implants which are peri-implant mucositis and periimplantitis.

Peri-implant mucositis is pathological condition which is normally localized in the soft tissues surrounding an oral implant. Peri-implantitis surrounding oral implants is an inflammatory process affecting the soft and hard tissues resulting in rapid loss of supporting bone associated with bleeding and suppuration. The diagnosis of peri-implant diseases is usually established by assessing probing depth, gingival index, bleeding on probing and radiographic bone resorption examinations. The etiopathogenesis of peri-implant diseases is related to the periimplant environment and to the soft tissues/implant interface, to patient-related factors (smoke, systemic diseases, plaque control) and to host-parasite equilibrium.

Peri-implant diseases can be controlled successfully by providing mechanical, antiseptic, antibiotic and surgical supportive therapy, individually or combined.

 

ÖZET

Tam veya kısmi dişsiz hastaların tedavisinde yaygın prosedürlerden biride oral implantlardır. İmplantların etrafında peri-implant mukositis ve peri-implantitis diye biyolojik komplikasyonlar meydana gelir. Peri-implant mukositis bir oral implantın etrafındaki normalde yumuşak dokuda lokalize patolojik bir durumdur. Oral implantların çevresindeki peri-implantitis süpürasyon ve kanama ile ilişkili destek kemiğin hızlı kaybı ile sonuçlanan, sert ve yumuşak dokuları etkileyen inflamatuar bir süreçtir.

Peri-implant hastalıkların teşhisi genellikle sondalama cep derinliği, gingival indeks, sondalamada kanama ve radyografik kemik rezorbsiyon muayenesi ile kanıtlanır. Peri-implant hastalıkların etiyopatogenezi, peri-implant çevre ve yumuşak doku-implant yüzleşmesi, hasta ile ilişkili faktörler (sigara içme, sistemik hastalıklar, plak kontrolü) ve konak-parazit dengesi ile ilişkilidir. Peri-implant hastalıklar, tek tek veya kombine olarak mekanik, antiseptik, antibiyotik ve cerrahi destekleyici tedavi ile engellenerek başarılı olarak tedavi edilebilir.

Anahtar kelimeler: İmplant, peri-implant hastalıklar, peri-implant mukositis, peri-implantitis ve tedavileri.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Implant; peri-implant diseases; peri-implant mucositis; peri-implantitis and treatments

Kaynakça

  • Albrektsson T, Isidor F. Consensus report of session IV. In Proceedings of the First European Workshop on Periodontology, eds. Lang NP & Karring T. London: Quintessence 1994: 365-369.
  • Hammerle CH, Glauser R. Clinical evaluation of dental implant treatment. Periodontol 2000 2004, 34: 230-239
  • Roos-Jansaker AM, Renvert S, Egelberg J. Treatment of peri- implant infections: a literature review. J Clin Periodontol. 2003, Jun;30(6):467-485.
  • Mombelli A, Lang NP. Clinical parameters for the evaluation of dental implants. Periodontol 2000 1994, 4: 81–86.
  • Gristina AG. Biomaterial-centered infection: microbial adhesion versus tissue integration. Science 1987, 237: 1595-1598.
  • Romeo E, Ghisolfi M, Carmagnola D. Peri-implant diseases. A systematic review of the literature. Minerva Stomatol. 2004 May;53(5):215-30.
  • Mombelli A ve ark. The microbiota of osseointegrated implants in patients with a history of periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol , 22: 124–30. Porras R ve ark. Clinical response to 2 different therapeutic regimens to treat peri-implant mucositis. J Periodontol. 2002, Oct;73(10):1118-25.
  • Berglundh T ve ark. Soft tissue reaction to de novo plaque formation on implants and teeth. An experimental study in the dog. Clin Oral Implants Research 1992, 3: 1–8.
  • Palmer R. Teeth and implants. Br Dent J 1999, 187: 183-8.
  • Pontoriero R ve ark. Experimentally induced peri-implant mucositis. A clinical study in humans. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1994 Dec;5(4):254-9.
  • Schou S ve ark. Ligature-induced marginal inflammation around osseointegrated implants and ankylosed teeth. Clin Oral Implants Res , 4: 12–22. Lang NP ve ark. Ligature-induced periimplant infection in cynomolgus monkeys. I. Clinical and radiographic findings. Clin Oral Implants Res 1993, 4: 2–11.
  • Zitzmann NU ve ark. Experimental peri-implant mucositis in man. J Clin Periodontol. 2001 Jun;28(6):517-23.
  • Lindhe J ve ark. Experimental breakdown of periimplant and periodontal tissues. A study in the beagle dog. Clin Oral Implants Res , 3: 9–16. Lang NP ve ark. Absence of bleeding on probing. An indicator of periodontal stability. J Clin Periodontol 1990, 17: 714–21.
  • Lang NP ve ark. Bleeding on probing. A predictor for the progression of periodontal disease? J Clin Periodontol 1986, 13: 590–6.
  • Lekholm U ve ark. Marginal tissue reactions at osseointegrated titanium fixtures (II). A cross-sectional retrospective study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1986, 15: 53-61.
  • Mombelli A ve ark. The microbiota associated with successful or failing osseointegrated titanium implants. Oral Microbiol Immunol , 2: 145–51. Lang NP ve ark. Histologic probe penetration in healthy and inflamed peri-implant tissues. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1994 Dec;5(4):191-201.
  • Schou S ve ark. Probing around implants and teeth with healthy or inflamed peri-implant mucosa/gingiva. A histologic comparison in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Clin Oral Implants Res. Apr;13(2):113-26. Cranin NA ve ark. The requirements and clinical performance of dental implants. In: Smith DC, Williams DF, eds: Biocompatibility of Dental Materials. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1982: 197-230.
  • Lang NP, Hill RW. Radiographs in periodontics. J Clin Periodontol 1977, 4: 16–28.
  • Bragger U ve ark. Computer-assisted densitometric image analysis in periodontal radiography. A methodological study. J Clin Periodontol 1988, 15: 27–37.
  • Sewerin IP, Gotfredsen K, Stoltze K. Accuracy of radiographic diagnosis of periimplant radiolucencies – an in vitro experiment. Clin Oral Implants Res 1997, 8: 299–304.
  • İplikçioğlu H, Akça K, Çehreli MC. The use of computerized tomography for diagnosis and treatment planning in implant dentistry. J Oral Implantol 2002, 28(1): 29-36.
  • Murata M ve ark. Osteocalcin, deoxypyridinoline and interleukin- beta in peri-implant crevicular fluid of patients with peri-implantitis. Clin Oral Implants Res.2002 Dec;13(6):637-43.
  • Kivela-Rajamaki MJ ve ark. Laminin-5 gamma2-chain and collagenase-2 (MMP-8) in human peri-implant sulcular fluid. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2003 Apr;14(2):158-65.
  • Gualini F, Berglundh T. Immunohistochemical characteristics of inflammatory lesions at implants. J Clin Periodontol. 2003 Jan;30(1):14-8.
  • Yalcın S ve ark. Detection of implant crevicular fluid prostaglandin E2 levels for the assessment of peri-implant health: a pilot study. Implant Dent. 2005 Jun;14(2):194-200.
  • Paolantonio M ve ark. Aspartate aminotransferase activity in crevicular fluid from dental implants. J Periodontol. 2000 Jul;71(7):1151-7.
  • Klinge B. Implants in relation to natural teeth. J Clin Periodontol , 18: 482–7. Gotfredsen K, Berglundh T, Lindhe J. Bone reactions at implants subjected to experimental peri-implantitis and static load. A study in the dog. J Clin Periodontol. 2002 Feb;29(2):144-51.
  • Glauser R, Zembic A, Hammerle CH. A systematic review of marginal soft tissue at implants subjected to immediate loading or immediate restoration. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2006 Oct;17 Suppl :82-92.
  • Watzak G ve ark. Soft tissue around three different implant types after 1.5 years of functional loading without oral hygiene: a preliminary study in baboons. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2006 Apr;17(2):229-36.
  • Christensen MM, Joss A, Lang NP. Reproducibility of automated periodontal probing around teeth and osseointegrated oral implants. Clin Oral Implants Res 1997, 8: 455–64.
  • Lang NP, Wilson TG, Corbet EF. Biological complications with dental implants: their prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Clin Oral Implants Res 2000, 11: 146-55.
  • Porras R ve ark. Clinical response to 2 different therapeutic regimens to treat peri-implant mucositis. J Periodontol. 2002 Oct;73(10):1118-25.
  • Trejo PM ve ark. Effect of mechanical and antiseptic therapy on peri-implant mucositis: an experimental study in monkeys. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2006 Jun;17(3):294-304.
  • Ciancio SG ve ark. The effect of an antiseptic mouthrinse on implant maintenance: plaque and peri-implant gingival tissues. J Periodontol. 1995, 66(11): 962-5
  • Schenk G ve ark. Controlled local delivery of tetracycline HCl in the treatment of periimplant mucosal hyperplasia and mucositis. A controlled case series. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1997, 8(5): 427-33.
  • Roos-Jansaker AM, Renvert S, Egelberg J. Treatment of peri- implant infections: a literature review. J Clin Periodontol. 2003, (6): 467-85.
  • Matarasso S ve ark. Maintenance of implants: an in vitro study of titanium implant surface modifications subsequent to the application of different prophylaxis procedures. Clin Oral Implants Res 1996, 7: –72.
  • Mombelli A, Lang NP. Anti-microbial treatment of peri-implant infections. Clin Oral Implants Res 1992, 3: 162–8.
  • Stellini E ve ark. Topical treatment of peri-implantitis with metronidazole dental gel 25%. Clinical analysis and microbiological control. Minerva Stomatol. 2000 Jan-Feb;49(1-2):59-67.
  • Mombelli A, Lang NP. The diagnosis and treatment of periimplantitis. Periodontol 2000 1998,17:63–76.
  • Zablotsky MH. The surgical management of osseous defects associated with endosteal hydroxyapatite-coated and titanium dental implants. Dent Clin North Am. 1992, 36(1): 117-149
  • You TM ve ark. Treatment of experimental peri-implantitis using autogenous bone grafts and platelet-enriched fibrin glue in dogs. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007 Jan;103(1):34- Epub 2006 Apr 21.
  • Lang NP ve ark. Clinical trials on therapies for peri-implant infections. Ann Periodontol. 1997 Mar;2(1):343-56.
  • Giannini R ve ark. Neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser irradiation with low pulse energy: a potential tool for the treatment of peri-implant disease. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2006 Dec;17(6):638
  • Muller E, Gonzalez YM, Andreana S. Treatment of peri- implantitis: longitudinal clinical and microbiological findings: a case report. Implant Dent 1999, 8(3): 247-54.
  • Romeo E ve ark. Therapy of peri-implantitis with resective surgery. A 3-year clinical trial on rough screw-shaped oral implants. Part I: Clinical outcome. Clin Oral Implants Res 2005, 16: 9-18.
  • Khoury F, Buchmann R. Surgical therapy of peri-implant disease: a 3-year follow-up study of cases treated with 3 different techniques of bone regeneration. J Periodontol. 2001, 72(11): 1498-508.
  • Kreisler M, Al Haj H, d'Hoedt B. Temperature changes at the implant-bone interface during simulated surface decontamination with an Er:YAG laser. Int J Prosthodont 2002, 15(6): 592-7.
  • Kreisler M ve ark. Antimicrobial efficacy of semiconductor laser irradiation on implant surfaces. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2003, (5): 706-11.
  • Lozada JL ve ark. Surgical repair of peri-implant defects. J Oral Implantol 1990, 16(1): 42-6.
  • Meffert RM. How to treat ailing and failing implants. Implant Dent 1992, 1(1): 25-33.
  • Park CY ve ark. Surface properties of endosseous dental implants after NdYAG and CO2 laser treatment at various energies. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005, 63: 1522–7.
  • Walsh LJ. The use of lasers in implantology: an overview. J Oral Implantol. 1992, 18(4): 335-40.
  • Dennison DK ve ark. Contaminated implant surfaces: an in vitro comparison of implant surface coating and treatment modalities for decontamination. J Periodontol 1994, 65(10): 942-8.
  • Zablotsky MH, Diedrich DL, Meffert RM. Detoxification of endotoxin-contaminated titanium and hydroxyapatite-coated surfaces utilizing various chemotherapeutic and mechanical modalities. Implant Dent 1992, 1(2): 154-8.
  • Kozlovsky A ve ark. Differential diagnosis and treatment strategies for peri-implant diseases. Refuat Hapeh Vehashinayim. Jul;20(3):30-41. Roos-Jansaker AM ve ark. Nine- to fourteen-year follow-up of implant treatment. Part III: factors associated with peri-implant lesions. J Clin Periodontol. 2006 Apr;33(4):296-301.
  • Roos-Jansaker AM ve ark. Nine- to fourteen-year follow-up of implant treatment. Part II: presence of peri-implant lesions. J Clin Periodontol. 2006 Apr;33(4):290-5.

PERI-IMPLANT DISEASES; A REVIEW

Yıl 2008, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1, 59 - 65, 11.11.2011

Alparslan Dilsiz Meltem Zihni M Yavuz

Öz

Tam veya kısmi dişsiz hastaların tedavisinde yaygın prosedürlerden biride oral implantlardır. İmplantların etrafında peri-implant mukositis ve peri-implantitis diye biyolojik komplikasyonlar meydana gelir. Peri-implant mukositis bir oral implantın etrafındaki normalde yumuşak dokuda lokalize patolojik bir durumdur. Oral implantların çevresindeki peri-implantitis süpürasyon ve kanama ile ilişkili destek kemiğin hızlı kaybı ile sonuçlanan, sert ve yumuşak dokuları etkileyen inflamatuar bir süreçtir.Peri-implant hastalıkların teşhisi genellikle sondalama cep derinliği, gingival indeks, sondalamada kanama ve radyografik kemik rezorbsiyon muayenesi ile kanıtlanır.Peri-implant hastalıkların etiyopatogenezi, peri-implant çevre ve yumuşak doku-implant yüzleşmesi, hasta ile ilişkili faktörler (sigara içme, sistemik hastalıklar, plak kontrolü) ve konak-parazit dengesi ile ilişkilidir.Peri-implant hastalıklar, tek tek veya kombine olarak mekanik, antiseptik, antibiyotik ve cerrahi destekleyici tedavi ile engellenerek başarılı olarak tedavi edilebilir

Anahtar Kelimeler

İmplant peri-implant hastalıklar peri-implant mukositis peri-implantitis ve tedavileri

Kaynakça

  • Albrektsson T, Isidor F. Consensus report of session IV. In Proceedings of the First European Workshop on Periodontology, eds. Lang NP & Karring T. London: Quintessence 1994: 365-369.
  • Hammerle CH, Glauser R. Clinical evaluation of dental implant treatment. Periodontol 2000 2004, 34: 230-239
  • Roos-Jansaker AM, Renvert S, Egelberg J. Treatment of peri- implant infections: a literature review. J Clin Periodontol. 2003, Jun;30(6):467-485.
  • Mombelli A, Lang NP. Clinical parameters for the evaluation of dental implants. Periodontol 2000 1994, 4: 81–86.
  • Gristina AG. Biomaterial-centered infection: microbial adhesion versus tissue integration. Science 1987, 237: 1595-1598.
  • Romeo E, Ghisolfi M, Carmagnola D. Peri-implant diseases. A systematic review of the literature. Minerva Stomatol. 2004 May;53(5):215-30.
  • Mombelli A ve ark. The microbiota of osseointegrated implants in patients with a history of periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol , 22: 124–30. Porras R ve ark. Clinical response to 2 different therapeutic regimens to treat peri-implant mucositis. J Periodontol. 2002, Oct;73(10):1118-25.
  • Berglundh T ve ark. Soft tissue reaction to de novo plaque formation on implants and teeth. An experimental study in the dog. Clin Oral Implants Research 1992, 3: 1–8.
  • Palmer R. Teeth and implants. Br Dent J 1999, 187: 183-8.
  • Pontoriero R ve ark. Experimentally induced peri-implant mucositis. A clinical study in humans. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1994 Dec;5(4):254-9.
  • Schou S ve ark. Ligature-induced marginal inflammation around osseointegrated implants and ankylosed teeth. Clin Oral Implants Res , 4: 12–22. Lang NP ve ark. Ligature-induced periimplant infection in cynomolgus monkeys. I. Clinical and radiographic findings. Clin Oral Implants Res 1993, 4: 2–11.
  • Zitzmann NU ve ark. Experimental peri-implant mucositis in man. J Clin Periodontol. 2001 Jun;28(6):517-23.
  • Lindhe J ve ark. Experimental breakdown of periimplant and periodontal tissues. A study in the beagle dog. Clin Oral Implants Res , 3: 9–16. Lang NP ve ark. Absence of bleeding on probing. An indicator of periodontal stability. J Clin Periodontol 1990, 17: 714–21.
  • Lang NP ve ark. Bleeding on probing. A predictor for the progression of periodontal disease? J Clin Periodontol 1986, 13: 590–6.
  • Lekholm U ve ark. Marginal tissue reactions at osseointegrated titanium fixtures (II). A cross-sectional retrospective study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1986, 15: 53-61.
  • Mombelli A ve ark. The microbiota associated with successful or failing osseointegrated titanium implants. Oral Microbiol Immunol , 2: 145–51. Lang NP ve ark. Histologic probe penetration in healthy and inflamed peri-implant tissues. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1994 Dec;5(4):191-201.
  • Schou S ve ark. Probing around implants and teeth with healthy or inflamed peri-implant mucosa/gingiva. A histologic comparison in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Clin Oral Implants Res. Apr;13(2):113-26. Cranin NA ve ark. The requirements and clinical performance of dental implants. In: Smith DC, Williams DF, eds: Biocompatibility of Dental Materials. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1982: 197-230.
  • Lang NP, Hill RW. Radiographs in periodontics. J Clin Periodontol 1977, 4: 16–28.
  • Bragger U ve ark. Computer-assisted densitometric image analysis in periodontal radiography. A methodological study. J Clin Periodontol 1988, 15: 27–37.
  • Sewerin IP, Gotfredsen K, Stoltze K. Accuracy of radiographic diagnosis of periimplant radiolucencies – an in vitro experiment. Clin Oral Implants Res 1997, 8: 299–304.
  • İplikçioğlu H, Akça K, Çehreli MC. The use of computerized tomography for diagnosis and treatment planning in implant dentistry. J Oral Implantol 2002, 28(1): 29-36.
  • Murata M ve ark. Osteocalcin, deoxypyridinoline and interleukin- beta in peri-implant crevicular fluid of patients with peri-implantitis. Clin Oral Implants Res.2002 Dec;13(6):637-43.
  • Kivela-Rajamaki MJ ve ark. Laminin-5 gamma2-chain and collagenase-2 (MMP-8) in human peri-implant sulcular fluid. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2003 Apr;14(2):158-65.
  • Gualini F, Berglundh T. Immunohistochemical characteristics of inflammatory lesions at implants. J Clin Periodontol. 2003 Jan;30(1):14-8.
  • Yalcın S ve ark. Detection of implant crevicular fluid prostaglandin E2 levels for the assessment of peri-implant health: a pilot study. Implant Dent. 2005 Jun;14(2):194-200.
  • Paolantonio M ve ark. Aspartate aminotransferase activity in crevicular fluid from dental implants. J Periodontol. 2000 Jul;71(7):1151-7.
  • Klinge B. Implants in relation to natural teeth. J Clin Periodontol , 18: 482–7. Gotfredsen K, Berglundh T, Lindhe J. Bone reactions at implants subjected to experimental peri-implantitis and static load. A study in the dog. J Clin Periodontol. 2002 Feb;29(2):144-51.
  • Glauser R, Zembic A, Hammerle CH. A systematic review of marginal soft tissue at implants subjected to immediate loading or immediate restoration. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2006 Oct;17 Suppl :82-92.
  • Watzak G ve ark. Soft tissue around three different implant types after 1.5 years of functional loading without oral hygiene: a preliminary study in baboons. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2006 Apr;17(2):229-36.
  • Christensen MM, Joss A, Lang NP. Reproducibility of automated periodontal probing around teeth and osseointegrated oral implants. Clin Oral Implants Res 1997, 8: 455–64.
  • Lang NP, Wilson TG, Corbet EF. Biological complications with dental implants: their prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Clin Oral Implants Res 2000, 11: 146-55.
  • Porras R ve ark. Clinical response to 2 different therapeutic regimens to treat peri-implant mucositis. J Periodontol. 2002 Oct;73(10):1118-25.
  • Trejo PM ve ark. Effect of mechanical and antiseptic therapy on peri-implant mucositis: an experimental study in monkeys. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2006 Jun;17(3):294-304.
  • Ciancio SG ve ark. The effect of an antiseptic mouthrinse on implant maintenance: plaque and peri-implant gingival tissues. J Periodontol. 1995, 66(11): 962-5
  • Schenk G ve ark. Controlled local delivery of tetracycline HCl in the treatment of periimplant mucosal hyperplasia and mucositis. A controlled case series. Clin Oral Implants Res. 1997, 8(5): 427-33.
  • Roos-Jansaker AM, Renvert S, Egelberg J. Treatment of peri- implant infections: a literature review. J Clin Periodontol. 2003, (6): 467-85.
  • Matarasso S ve ark. Maintenance of implants: an in vitro study of titanium implant surface modifications subsequent to the application of different prophylaxis procedures. Clin Oral Implants Res 1996, 7: –72.
  • Mombelli A, Lang NP. Anti-microbial treatment of peri-implant infections. Clin Oral Implants Res 1992, 3: 162–8.
  • Stellini E ve ark. Topical treatment of peri-implantitis with metronidazole dental gel 25%. Clinical analysis and microbiological control. Minerva Stomatol. 2000 Jan-Feb;49(1-2):59-67.
  • Mombelli A, Lang NP. The diagnosis and treatment of periimplantitis. Periodontol 2000 1998,17:63–76.
  • Zablotsky MH. The surgical management of osseous defects associated with endosteal hydroxyapatite-coated and titanium dental implants. Dent Clin North Am. 1992, 36(1): 117-149
  • You TM ve ark. Treatment of experimental peri-implantitis using autogenous bone grafts and platelet-enriched fibrin glue in dogs. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007 Jan;103(1):34- Epub 2006 Apr 21.
  • Lang NP ve ark. Clinical trials on therapies for peri-implant infections. Ann Periodontol. 1997 Mar;2(1):343-56.
  • Giannini R ve ark. Neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser irradiation with low pulse energy: a potential tool for the treatment of peri-implant disease. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2006 Dec;17(6):638
  • Muller E, Gonzalez YM, Andreana S. Treatment of peri- implantitis: longitudinal clinical and microbiological findings: a case report. Implant Dent 1999, 8(3): 247-54.
  • Romeo E ve ark. Therapy of peri-implantitis with resective surgery. A 3-year clinical trial on rough screw-shaped oral implants. Part I: Clinical outcome. Clin Oral Implants Res 2005, 16: 9-18.
  • Khoury F, Buchmann R. Surgical therapy of peri-implant disease: a 3-year follow-up study of cases treated with 3 different techniques of bone regeneration. J Periodontol. 2001, 72(11): 1498-508.
  • Kreisler M, Al Haj H, d'Hoedt B. Temperature changes at the implant-bone interface during simulated surface decontamination with an Er:YAG laser. Int J Prosthodont 2002, 15(6): 592-7.
  • Kreisler M ve ark. Antimicrobial efficacy of semiconductor laser irradiation on implant surfaces. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2003, (5): 706-11.
  • Lozada JL ve ark. Surgical repair of peri-implant defects. J Oral Implantol 1990, 16(1): 42-6.
  • Meffert RM. How to treat ailing and failing implants. Implant Dent 1992, 1(1): 25-33.
  • Park CY ve ark. Surface properties of endosseous dental implants after NdYAG and CO2 laser treatment at various energies. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005, 63: 1522–7.
  • Walsh LJ. The use of lasers in implantology: an overview. J Oral Implantol. 1992, 18(4): 335-40.
  • Dennison DK ve ark. Contaminated implant surfaces: an in vitro comparison of implant surface coating and treatment modalities for decontamination. J Periodontol 1994, 65(10): 942-8.
  • Zablotsky MH, Diedrich DL, Meffert RM. Detoxification of endotoxin-contaminated titanium and hydroxyapatite-coated surfaces utilizing various chemotherapeutic and mechanical modalities. Implant Dent 1992, 1(2): 154-8.
  • Kozlovsky A ve ark. Differential diagnosis and treatment strategies for peri-implant diseases. Refuat Hapeh Vehashinayim. Jul;20(3):30-41. Roos-Jansaker AM ve ark. Nine- to fourteen-year follow-up of implant treatment. Part III: factors associated with peri-implant lesions. J Clin Periodontol. 2006 Apr;33(4):296-301.
  • Roos-Jansaker AM ve ark. Nine- to fourteen-year follow-up of implant treatment. Part II: presence of peri-implant lesions. J Clin Periodontol. 2006 Apr;33(4):290-5.
Toplam 57 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Review
Yazarlar

Alparslan Dilsiz

Meltem Zihni

M Yavuz

Yayımlanma Tarihi 11 Kasım 2011
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Kasım 2011
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2008Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

EndNote Dilsiz A, Zihni M, Yavuz M (01 Kasım 2011) Peri-implant hastalıklar. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 11 1 59–65.

Cumhuriyet Dental Journal (Cumhuriyet Dent J, CDJ) is the official publication of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry. CDJ is an international journal dedicated to the latest advancement of dentistry. The aim of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments in different areas of dentistry. First issue of the Journal of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry was published in 1998. In 2010, journal's name was changed as Cumhuriyet Dental Journal. Journal’s publication language is English.


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