Abstract
Objective: The objectives of this study were to determine the Vicker`s hardness of reinforced dental ceramics and determine the modes of fractures under load.
Methods: Four ceramic core groups (n=7/group) from leucite (Evopress,Wegold&De), low leucite (Finesse, Ceramco), glass-infiltrated (Inceram Alumina,Vita) and lithium disilicate materials (E.max press, Ivoclar) were fabricated according to each manufacturers’ instructions (thickness: 3 mm, diameter: 5 mm). Their individual veneering ceramics were vibrated, condensed in a stainless steel mold (diameter: 5 mm, height: 5 mm) and fired on the core materials. The specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours prior to indentation tests and embedded in polyesther moulds. Vickers hardness values (DUH±SD) were measured (cross-head speed:7,2 gf/s, load:200 gf) and statistically analysed (ANOVA). A load of 400 N was applied on the surfaces of specimens with a diamond indentor (diameter:1 mm) at the macro hardness test machine for crack formation. The crack modes for each group were observed under the scanning electrone microscope.
Results: The Vickers hardness values for low leucite veneering ceramic were significantly (P<0.05) higher (236±17), followed by the leucite (129±51), glass-infiltrated (117±38), and lithium disilicate (85±34) veneering ceramic materials in decreasing order. Mainly radial or cone cracks were observed after the application of load.
Conclusion: The increase in the hardness of the material led to more crack formation and resulted in longer cracks. No crack formation extending to the core materials were observed in
neither of the ceramic groups under these experimental conditions.
ÖZET
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı güçlendirilmiş dental seramiklerin Vickers sertlik değerlerinin ve yük altındaki kırılma şekillerinin belirlenmesidir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Lösit (Evopress,Wegold&De), düşük lösit (Finesse, Ceramco), cam infiltrasyonlu aluminöz seramik (Inceram Alumina,Vita) ve lityum disilikat (E.max press, Ivoclar) bazlı dört farklı seramik alt yap_ materyali (n=7/grup) her bir üretici firmanın önerileri doğrultusunda hazırlandı (3 mm kalınlıkta; 5 mm çapta). Her bir alt yapı seramiğine özgü kaplama seramikleri; paslanmaz çelik bir metal kalıpta (5mm çap 5mm yükseklikte) vibrasyonla kondanse edildi ve alt yapı seramiklerinin üzerine pişirildi. Örnekler batırma testlerinden önce 37°C’ de 24 saat distile suda bekletildikten sonra polyester kalıplara gömüldü. Vickers sertlik değerleri (DUH±SD) ölçüldü (çene hızı:7,2 gf/s, yük:200 gf) ve veriler istatistiksel olarak analiz edildi (ANOVA). Çatlak oluşumu için örneklerin üst yüzeylerine makro sertlik test cihazında batıcı elmas uç ile (1 mm çaplı) 400 N yük uygulandı. Alınan taramalı elektron mikroskop görüntüleri ile her bir gruba ilişkin çatlak şekilleri gözlemlendi.
Bulgular: Gruplar arasında ortalama Vickers sertlik değerleri düşük lösit grubu için anlamlı olarak (P<0.05) en yüksek bulunur iken (236±17), bunu lösit (129±51), cam infiltrasyonlu aluminöz seramik (117±38), ve lityum disilikat (85±34) kaplama seramik materyalleri azalan sırayla izledi. Yük uygulaması sonrasında genellikle ışınsal ya da koni şekilli çatlakların oluştuğu gözlendi.
Sonuç: Seramik materyalin sertliğinin artması daha fazla ve daha uzun çatlak oluşumuna yol açtı. Bu çalışmadaki deneysel koşullar altında kaplama seramik gruplarının hiçbirinde alt yapı seramiklerine ulaşan çatlak oluşumu gözlenmedi.References
- McLean JW. The Science and Art of Dental Ceramics: Vol.1: The Nature of Ceramics and Their Clinical Uses, Illinois: Quintessence Publishing:1979. p. 58.
- Naylor PW, Beatty PM. Materials and Techniques in Fixed Prosthodontics Dent Clin North Am 1992; 36(3): 343-9.
- Wall JG, Dale LC. Alternative Crown Systems. Dent Clin North Am, 1992; 36(3): 371-7.
- Griggs JA. Recent advances in materials for all-ceramic restorations. Dent Clin North Am, 2007; 51(3): 713-27.
- Conrad HJ, Seong WJ, Pesun IJ. Current ceramic materials and systems with clinical recommendations: a systematic review. J Prosthet Dent. 2007; 98(5): 389-404.
- Della Bona A, Mecholsky JJ Jr, Barrett AA, Griggs JA. Characterization of glass-infiltrated alumina-based ceramics. Dent Mater 2008; 24(11): 1568-74.
- Höland W, Rheinberger V, Apel E, van 't Hoen C, Höland M, Dommann A, Obrecht M, Mauth C, Graf-Hausner U. Clinical applications of glass-ceramics in dentistry. J Mater Sci Mater Med. ; 17(11): 1037-42.
- Kelly RJ. Clinically relevant approach to failure testing of all- ceramic restorations. J Prosthet Dent 1999; 81(6): 652-61.
- Wagner WC, Chu TM. Biaxial flexural strength and indentation fracture toughness of three new dental core ceramics. J Prosthet Dent ; 76: 140-4. Guazzato M, Albakry M, Ringer SP, Swain MV. Strength, fracture toughness and microstructure of a selection of all-ceramic materials. Part I. Pressable and alumina glass-infiltrated ceramics. Dent Mater. 2004; 20(5): 441-8.
- Rizkalla AS, Jones DW. Indentation fracture toughness and dynamic elastic moduli for commercial feldspathic dental porcelain materials. Dent Mater. 2004; 20(2): 198-206.
- Anusavice KJ, Kakar K, Ferree N. Which mechanical and physical testing methods are relevant for predicting the clinical performance of ceramic-based dental prostheses? Clin Oral Implants Res. 2007; 18 Suppl 3: 218-31.
- Dündar M, Özcan M, Gökçe B, Çömleko lu E, Leite F, Valandro LF. Comparison of two bond strength testing methodologies for bilayered all-ceramics. Dent Mater 2007; 23(5): 630-6.
- Della Bona A, Kelly JR. The clinical success of all-ceramic restorations. J Am Dent Assoc. 2008; 139 Suppl: 8S-13S.
- Dündar M, Özcan M, Çömlekoglu E, Güngör MA, Artunç C. Bond strengths of veneering ceramics to reinforced ceramic core materials. Int J Prosthodont 2005; 18(1): 71-2.
- Taskonak B, Mecholsky JJ Jr, Anusavice KJ. Fracture surface analysis of clinically failed fixed partial dentures. J Dent Res. 2006; (3): 277-81.
- Wakabayashi N, Anusavice KJ. Crack initiation modes in bilayered alumina/porcelain disks as a function of core/veneer thickness ratio and supporting substrate stiffness. J Dent Res 2000; 79:1398-404. Yaz=>ma Adresi:
- Dr. M. Erhan ÇÖMLEKO4LU Ege Üniversitesi Di Hekimli i Fakültesi Protetik Di Tedavisi Ana Bilim Dal Bornova /(zmir Tel Faks : E-posta : erhancomlek@yahoo.com
Abstract
Amaç: Vickers sertlik de erlerinin ve yük alt ndaki k r lma ekillerinin belirlenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Lösit (Evopress,Wegold&De), dü ük lösit (Finesse, Ceramco), cam infiltrasyonlu aluminöz seramik (Inceram Alumina,Vita) ve lityum disilikat (E.max press, Ivoclar) bazl dört farkl seramik alt yap materyali (n=7/grup) her bir üretici firman n önerileri do rultusunda haz rland (3 mm kal nl kta; 5 mm çapta). Her bir alt yap serami ine özgü kaplama seramikleri; paslanmaz çelik bir metal kal pta (5mm çap 5mm yükseklikte) vibrasyonla kondanse edildi ve alt yap seramiklerinin üzerine pi irildi. Örnekler bat rma testlerinden önce 37°C’ de 24 saat distile suda bekletildikten sonra polyester kal plara gömüldü. Vickers sertlik de erleri (DUH±SD) ölçüldü (çene h z :7,2 gf/s, yük:200 gf) ve veriler istatistiksel olarak analiz edildi (ANOVA). Çatlak olu umu için örneklerin üst yüzeylerine makro sertlik test cihaz nda bat celmas uç ile (1 mm çapl ) 400 N yük uyguland . Al nan taramalelektron mikroskop görüntüleri ile her bir gruba ili kin çatlak ekilleri gözlemlendi. Bulgular: Gruplar aras nda ortalama Vickers sertlik de erleri dü ük lösit grubu için anlaml olarak (P
References
- McLean JW. The Science and Art of Dental Ceramics: Vol.1: The Nature of Ceramics and Their Clinical Uses, Illinois: Quintessence Publishing:1979. p. 58.
- Naylor PW, Beatty PM. Materials and Techniques in Fixed Prosthodontics Dent Clin North Am 1992; 36(3): 343-9.
- Wall JG, Dale LC. Alternative Crown Systems. Dent Clin North Am, 1992; 36(3): 371-7.
- Griggs JA. Recent advances in materials for all-ceramic restorations. Dent Clin North Am, 2007; 51(3): 713-27.
- Conrad HJ, Seong WJ, Pesun IJ. Current ceramic materials and systems with clinical recommendations: a systematic review. J Prosthet Dent. 2007; 98(5): 389-404.
- Della Bona A, Mecholsky JJ Jr, Barrett AA, Griggs JA. Characterization of glass-infiltrated alumina-based ceramics. Dent Mater 2008; 24(11): 1568-74.
- Höland W, Rheinberger V, Apel E, van 't Hoen C, Höland M, Dommann A, Obrecht M, Mauth C, Graf-Hausner U. Clinical applications of glass-ceramics in dentistry. J Mater Sci Mater Med. ; 17(11): 1037-42.
- Kelly RJ. Clinically relevant approach to failure testing of all- ceramic restorations. J Prosthet Dent 1999; 81(6): 652-61.
- Wagner WC, Chu TM. Biaxial flexural strength and indentation fracture toughness of three new dental core ceramics. J Prosthet Dent ; 76: 140-4. Guazzato M, Albakry M, Ringer SP, Swain MV. Strength, fracture toughness and microstructure of a selection of all-ceramic materials. Part I. Pressable and alumina glass-infiltrated ceramics. Dent Mater. 2004; 20(5): 441-8.
- Rizkalla AS, Jones DW. Indentation fracture toughness and dynamic elastic moduli for commercial feldspathic dental porcelain materials. Dent Mater. 2004; 20(2): 198-206.
- Anusavice KJ, Kakar K, Ferree N. Which mechanical and physical testing methods are relevant for predicting the clinical performance of ceramic-based dental prostheses? Clin Oral Implants Res. 2007; 18 Suppl 3: 218-31.
- Dündar M, Özcan M, Gökçe B, Çömleko lu E, Leite F, Valandro LF. Comparison of two bond strength testing methodologies for bilayered all-ceramics. Dent Mater 2007; 23(5): 630-6.
- Della Bona A, Kelly JR. The clinical success of all-ceramic restorations. J Am Dent Assoc. 2008; 139 Suppl: 8S-13S.
- Dündar M, Özcan M, Çömlekoglu E, Güngör MA, Artunç C. Bond strengths of veneering ceramics to reinforced ceramic core materials. Int J Prosthodont 2005; 18(1): 71-2.
- Taskonak B, Mecholsky JJ Jr, Anusavice KJ. Fracture surface analysis of clinically failed fixed partial dentures. J Dent Res. 2006; (3): 277-81.
- Wakabayashi N, Anusavice KJ. Crack initiation modes in bilayered alumina/porcelain disks as a function of core/veneer thickness ratio and supporting substrate stiffness. J Dent Res 2000; 79:1398-404. Yaz=>ma Adresi:
- Dr. M. Erhan ÇÖMLEKO4LU Ege Üniversitesi Di Hekimli i Fakültesi Protetik Di Tedavisi Ana Bilim Dal Bornova /(zmir Tel Faks : E-posta : erhancomlek@yahoo.com
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Original Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | October 30, 2011 |
| Submission Date | October 30, 2011 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2009Volume: 12 Issue: 2 |
Cumhuriyet Dental Journal (Cumhuriyet Dent J, CDJ) is the official publication of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry. CDJ is an international journal dedicated to the latest advancement of dentistry. The aim of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments in different areas of dentistry. First issue of the Journal of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry was published in 1998. In 2010, journal's name was changed as Cumhuriyet Dental Journal. Journal’s publication language is English.
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