Öz
ÖZET
Ortodontistlerin ve periodontologların yaptıkları klinik tedavilerde periodontoloji ile ortodonti arasındaki ilişkinin biyolojik temellerinin farkında olması gerekmektedir. İki uzmanlık dalı arasındaki uyum, tedavi sonuçlarının olumlu olmasını sağlamaktadır. Bölümler arasında gerçekleştirilen işbirliği ile ortodontik tedavi periodontal sağlığı geliştirdiği gibi periodontal tedavi de ortodontik tedavi sonuçlarını daha da başarılı hale getirebilmektedir. Teknoloji, uzmanlık dalları arasında etkileşimi sağlarken, tedavinin temelini biyoloji oluşturmaktadır. Yeni yüzyılın ortodontisti; bilgili, deneyimli ve sorumluluk sahibi periodontolog ile beraber çalışmalıdır. Ortodontik tedavi görecek hastalar, periodontal riskler, dişeti büyümeleri ve olası alveolar kemik kaybından haberdar edilmelidir. Bu derlemede, aselüler dermal matriks, mine matriks proteinleri, periodontal plastik cerrahi ve yeni bir ortognatik cerrahi alternatifi olan “periodontal olarak hızlandırılmış osteojenik ortodonti” gibi güncel tedaviler ile geleneksel tedaviler tartışılacaktır. Ayrıca aşağıdaki sorulara cevaplar bulunmaya çalışılacaktır; “Ortodontik tedavi periodontal hastalığa sebep olur mu?”, “Periodontal olarak enfekte olan hastalar ortodontik diş hareketleri ile tedavi edilebilir mi?”, “Hastalara ne zaman ve hangi cerrahi yaklaşımlar yapılmaktadır?”, “Hangi tedavi seçenekleri en iyi sonuçları verir ve periodontal dokulara daha az zarar verir?”, “Ne sıklıkla ortodonti hastaları periodontolog tarafından takip edilmelidir?”. Ayrıca periodontal açıdan ortodontik tedavinin endikasyonları, kontrendikasyonları, sınırlamaları, avantaj ve dezavantajları tartışılacaktır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Ortodonti, Periodontoloji, işbirliği
ABSTRACT
Orthodontists and periodontists must be aware of the biologic basis of periodontal orthodontic relationships during clinical theraphies. Synergism between two specialists should approve the results for favourable treatment outcomes. With collaboration, orthodontic therapy can enhance periodontal health and periodontal therapy can enhance the orthodontic outcomes. While technology provides us the interaction between specialties, biology establishes the basis of treatment. Orthodontist of the new century would consult experienced, responsible and enlightened periodontist. Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment must be informed about possible periodontal risks, gingival overgrowth and alveolar bone loss. In the present article conventional and current theraphies including acellular dermal matrix, enamel matrix proteins and periodontal plastic surgeries and a new orthognatic surgery alternative “periodontally accelerated osteogenic orthodontics” will be discussed. Also we will try to give answers to following questions: “Does orthodontic treatment contribute to periodontal disease?”, “Could periodontally infected patiensts be treated with orthodontic tooth movements?”, “Which and when a surgical approach should be made to patients?”, “Which treatment options give best outcomes and less harm to periodontal tissues?”, “How frequent will orthodontic patients be followed by a periodontist?”. Also, advantages and disadvantages, limitations, indications and contraindications of orthodontic treatment from periodontal perspective will be discussed.
Key Words: Orthodontics, Periodontology, collaboration
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Zachrisson BU, Alnaes L. Periodontal condition in orthodontically treated and untreated individuals II. Alveolar bone loss: radiographic findings. Angle Orthod 1974;44:48-55.
- Dubey R, Jalili VP, Garg S. Oral hygiene and gingival status in orthodontics patients. J Pierre Fauchard Acad 1993;7:43-54.
- Gomes SC, Varela CC, da Veiga SL. Periodontal following preliminary in therapy. J study. Eur Orthod
- Skold-Larsson K, Lindberg T, Twetman S, Modeer T. Effect of a triclosan-containing dental gel on the levels of prostaglandin I2 and interleukins-1 beta in gingival crevicular fluid from adolescents with fixed orthodontic appliances. Acta Odont Scand 2003;61:193-196.
- Atack NE, Sandy JR, Addy M. Periodontal and microbiological changes associated with the placement of orthodontic appliances: a review. J Periodontol 1996;67:78-85. 6. Zachrisson BU. Orthodontics and Periodontics In: Lindhe J, Lang NP, Karring T eds. Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry 2 volumes 5th edition Munksgaard, Publishing; 2008 pp 1239-1279. Blackwell
- Diedrich P, Rudzki-Janson I, Wehrbein H, Fritz U. Effects of orthodontic bands on marginal periodontal tissue human species. J Orofac Orthop 2001;62:146-156.
- William RP, Henry WF. The biological basis of orthodontic therapy. In: William RP, Henry WF, eds. Contemporary Orthodontics. 3rd ed. St Louis, Mo: Mosby Inc; 2000 pp.655-660.
- Pini Prato G, Bacetti T, Magnani C. Mucogingival Interceptive Surgery of Buccally-Erupted in Patients Scheduled for Orthodontic Treatment I. A 7 Year Longitudinal 2000;71:172-181. J Periodontol
- Ong MMA, Wang HL. Periodontic and orthodontic treatment in adults; Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2002;122:420- 428.
- Grossi SG, Zambon JJ, Ho AW, Koch G, Dunford RG, Machtei EE et al. Assessment of risk for periodontal disease. I. Risk indicators Periodontol 1994,65;260-267. loss. J
- Kavadia-Tsatala S, Kaklamanos EG, Tsalikis L. Effects of orthodontic treatment on gingival crevicular fluid flow rate and composition: clinical implications and applications. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg 2002:17;191-205.
- Cappelli DP, Ebersole JL, Kornman KS. Early-onset periodontitis in hispanic- american adolescents associated with a. actinomycetemcomitans. Commun Dent Oral Epidemiol 1994;22:116-121. 14.
- Waerhaug J. Eruption of teeth into
- crowded position, loss of attachment and
- downgrowth of subgingival plaque. Am J
- Orthod 1980;78:453-459.
- Dinarello CA. Interleukin-1 and its biologically Immunol 1989;44:153-205. cytokines. Adv
- Uematsu S, Mogi M, Deguchi T. Interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, epidermal growth factor, and beta 2-microglobulin levels are elevated in gingival crevicular fluid during human orthodontic tooth movement. J Dent Res 1996;75:562-567.
- Okada H, Murakami S. Cytokine expression in periodontal health and disease. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1998;9:248-266.
- Bertolini DR, Nedwin GE, Bringman TS, Smith DD, Mundy GR. Stimulation of bone resorption and inhibition of bone formation in vitro by human tumour necrosis factors. Nature 1986;319:516-518.
- Lowney JJ, Norton LA, Shafer DM, Rossomando EF. increase tumor necrosis factor alpha in the human gingival sulcus. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1995;108:519-524.
- Boyd RL, Leggott PJ, Quinn RS, Eakle WS, Chambers D. Periodontal implications of orthodontic treatment in adults with reduced or normal periodontal tissue versus those of adolescents. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1989;96:191-198.
- Artun J, Urbye KS. The effect of orthodontic treatment on periodontal bone support in patients with advanced loss of marginal periodontium. Am J Orthod
- Diedrich P. The eleventh hour or where are our orthodontic limits? J Orofac Orthop 1999;60:60-65.
- Harpenau LA, Boyd RL. Long-term follow-up of successful orthodontic- periodontal aggressive periodontitis: a case report. Clin Orthod Res 2000;3:220-229. localized
- Folio J, Rams TE, Keyes PH. Orthodontic patients therapy periodontitis. Clinical and microbiologic effects. Am J Orthod 1985;87:421-431.
- Hoerman KC, Lang RL, Klapper L, Beery J. Local tetracycline therapy of the periodontium during orthodontic treatment. Quintessence Int 1985;16(2):161-166. 26. Melsen B.
- Limitations in Adult
- Orthodontics. In: Melsen B ed. Current
- Controversies in Orthodontics. Chicago:
- Quintessence 1991.pp. 147-180.
- Proffit WR. Equilibrium theory revisited: Factors influencing position of the teeth. Angle Orthod 1978;48(3):175-186.
- Dahl EH, Zachrisson BU. Long-term experiences with direct-bonded lingual retainers. J Clin Orthod 1991;25:619-630.
- Ramfjord SP. Changing concepts in periodontics. J Prosthet Dent 1984;52:781- 785.
- Nyman S, Karring T, Bergenholz G. Bone regeneration in alveolar bone dehiscences produced by jiggling forces. J Periodontal Res 1982;17:316-322.
- Burgett EG, Ramfjord SP, Nissle RR, Morrison EC, Charbeneau TD, Caffesse RG. A randomized trial of occlusal adjustment in the treatment of periodontitis patients. J Clin Periodontol 1992;19:381- 387.
- Tuverson DL. Anterior interocclusal relations. Am J Orthod 1980;78:361-393.
- Kokich VG, Matthews DP. Surgical and orthodontic management of impacted teeth. Dent Clin North Am 1993;37:181-204.
- Forsberg CM, Brattstrom V, Malmberg E, Nord CE. Ligature wires and elastomeric rings: Two methods of ligation, and their association with microbial colonization of Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli. Eur J Orthod 1991;13:416-420.
- Thomas M, Eliades T, Athanasiov E. Aspects of orthodontic treatment in patients with periodontal disease. In: Thomas M, Eliades T, Athanasiov E. Risk management in orthodontics: Experts’ guide to malpractice New Madlen, Surrey, UK. 2004:191-206. Publishing Co.
- Geraci TF, Nevins M, Crossetti HW. Reattachment following tooth movement into an osseous the periodontium defect in monkey, Int Int J Periodont Rest Dent 1990;10:185-219.
- Wennstrom JL, Lindskog Stokland B, Nyman S, Thilander B. Periodontal tissue response to orthodontic movement of teeth with infrabony pockets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1993;103:313-319.
- Nemcovsky CE, Sasson M, Beny L, Weinreb M, Vardimon AD. Periodontal healing following orthodontic movement of rat molars with intact versus damaged periodontia towards a bony defect. Eur J Orthod 2007;29:338-344.
- Lindskog-Stokland B, Wennstrom JL, Nyman S, Thilander B. Orthodontic tooth movement into edentulous areas with reduced bone height. An experimental study in the dog. Eur J Orthod 1993;15:89- 96.
- Karring T, Nyman S, Thilander B, Magnusson B. Bone regeneration in orthodontically produced alveolar bone dehiscences. 1982;17:309-315. Periodontal Res.
- Ingber J. Forced eruption. Part I. A method of treating isolated one and two wall infrabony osseous defects – rationale and case report. J Periodontol.
- Kajiyama K, Murakami T, Yokota S. Gingival reactions after experimentally induced extrusion of the upper incisors in monkeys. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1993;104:36-47.
- Kozlowsky A, Tat H, Lieberman M. Forced eruption combined with gingival fiberotomy A technique for clinical crown lengthening. J Clin Periodontol
- Berglundh T, Marinello CP, Lindhe J, Thilander B, Liljenberg B. Periodontal tissue reactions to orthodontic extrusion. An experimental study in the dog. J Clin Periodontol 1991;18:330-336.
- Ericsson I, Thilander B, Lindhe J, Okamoto H. The effects of orthodontic tilting movements on the periodontal tissues of infected and non-infected dentitions in dogs. J Clin Periodontol 1977;4:278-293.
- Murakami T, Yokota S, Takahama Y. Periodontal changes after experimentally induced intrusion of the upper incisors in Macaca fuscata monkeys. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1989;95:115-126.
- Jin LJ, Cao CF. Clinical diagnosis of trauma from occlusion and its relation with severity of periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 1992;19:92-97.
- Spear EM, Mathews DM, Kokich VG. Interdisciplinary management of single- tooth implants. Semin Orthod 1997;3:45- 72.
- Edwards JG. A long-term prospective evaluation supracrestal fiberotomy in alleviating orthodontic relapse. Dentofacial Orthop 1988;93:380-387. Am J Orthod
- Diedrich P. Guided tissue regeneration associated with orthodontic therapy. Semin Orthod 1996;2:39-45.
- Edwards JG. The reduction of relapse in extraction cases. Am J Orthod 1971;60: 128-141.
- Ong MMA, Wang HL, Smith FN. Interrelationship between periodontics and adult orthodontics. J Clin Periodontol 1998;25:271-277.
- Basdra EK, Mayer T, Komposch G. Guided tissue regeneration precedures tooth movement and crossbite correction. Angle Orthod 1995;65:307-310. 54. Chace R, Low characteristics of periodontally-involved teeth: A 40-year study. J Periodontol. 1993;64:701-705. SB. Survival JL. considerations in orthodontic treatment. Semin Orthod 1996;2:46-54. Mucogingival
- Dumitrescu LA, Inagaki K. Orthodontics and Periodontics In: Etiology and Pathogenesis of Periodontal Disease Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 pp.307-318
- Stetler KJ, Bissada NF. Significance of the width of keratinized gingival on the periodontal status of teeth with sub- marginal restorations. J Periodontol
- Kokich VG. Esthetics: the orthodontic- periodontic restorative connection. Semin Orthod 1996;2: 21-30.
- Cobb CM. Lasers in periodontics: a review of literature. J Periodontol. 2006;77:545-564.
- Palomo L, Palomo JM, Bissada NF. Salient Periodontal Issues for the Modern Biologic Orthodontist. Semin Orthod
- AAP (Academy report, informational paper). Oral reconstructive and corrective considerations in periodontal therapy J Periodontol 2005;76:1588-1600.
- Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 14 (1) 2011 ______________________________________________
- Zachrisson BU, Mjor IA Remodelling of teeth by grinding. Am J Orthod 1975;68: 545-553.
- Thordarson A, Zachrisson BU, Mjor IA. Remodeling of canines to the shape of lateral incisors by grinding: a long-term clinical and radiographic evaluation. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1991;100:123- 132.
- Tarnow DP, Magner AW, Fletcher P. The effect of the distance from the contact point to the crest of bone on the presence or absence of the interproximal papilla. J Periodontol 1992;63:995-996.
- Wilcko WM, Wilcko T, Bouquot JE. Rapid reshaping: two case reports of decrowding. Int J Periodont Rest Dent 2001;21:9-19.
- Zachrisson S, Zachrisson BU. Gingival condition associated with orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod 1972;42:26-34.
Öz
Ortodontistlerin ve periodontologların yaptıkları klinik tedavilerde periodontoloji ile ortodonti arasındaki ilişkinin biyolojik temellerinin farkında olması gerekmektedir. İki uzmanlık dalı arasındaki uyum, tedavi sonuçlarının olumlu olmasını sağlamaktadır. Bölümler arasında gerçekleştirilen işbirliği ile ortodontik tedavi periodontal sağlığı geliştirdiği gibi periodontal tedavi de ortodontik tedavi sonuçlarını daha da başarılı hale getirebilmektedir. Teknoloji, uzmanlık dalları arasında etkileşimi sağlarken, tedavinin temelini biyoloji oluşturmaktadır. Yeni yüzyılın ortodontisti; bilgili, deneyimli ve sorumluluk sahibi periodontolog ile beraber çalışmalıdır. Ortodontik tedavi görecek hastalar, periodontal riskler, dişeti büyümeleri ve olası alveolar kemik kaybından haberdar edilmelidir. Bu derlemede, aselüler dermal matriks, mine matriks proteinleri, periodontal plastik cerrahi ve yeni bir ortognatik cerrahi alternatifi olan “periodontal olarak hızlandırılmış osteojenik ortodonti” gibi güncel tedaviler ile geleneksel tedaviler tartışılacaktır. Ayrıca aşağıdaki sorulara cevaplar bulunmaya çalışılacaktır; “Ortodontik tedavi periodontal hastalığa sebep olur mu?”, “Periodontal olarak enfekte olan hastalar ortodontik diş hareketleri ile tedavi edilebilir mi?”, “Hastalara ne zaman ve hangi cerrahi yaklaşımlar yapılmaktadır?”, “Hangi tedavi seçenekleri en iyi sonuçları verir ve periodontal dokulara daha az zarar verir?”, “Ne sıklıkla ortodonti hastaları periodontolog tarafından takip edilmelidir?”. Ayrıca periodontal açıdan ortodontik tedavinin endikasyonları, kontrendikasyonları, dezavantajları tartışılacaktır
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Zachrisson BU, Alnaes L. Periodontal condition in orthodontically treated and untreated individuals II. Alveolar bone loss: radiographic findings. Angle Orthod 1974;44:48-55.
- Dubey R, Jalili VP, Garg S. Oral hygiene and gingival status in orthodontics patients. J Pierre Fauchard Acad 1993;7:43-54.
- Gomes SC, Varela CC, da Veiga SL. Periodontal following preliminary in therapy. J study. Eur Orthod
- Skold-Larsson K, Lindberg T, Twetman S, Modeer T. Effect of a triclosan-containing dental gel on the levels of prostaglandin I2 and interleukins-1 beta in gingival crevicular fluid from adolescents with fixed orthodontic appliances. Acta Odont Scand 2003;61:193-196.
- Atack NE, Sandy JR, Addy M. Periodontal and microbiological changes associated with the placement of orthodontic appliances: a review. J Periodontol 1996;67:78-85. 6. Zachrisson BU. Orthodontics and Periodontics In: Lindhe J, Lang NP, Karring T eds. Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry 2 volumes 5th edition Munksgaard, Publishing; 2008 pp 1239-1279. Blackwell
- Diedrich P, Rudzki-Janson I, Wehrbein H, Fritz U. Effects of orthodontic bands on marginal periodontal tissue human species. J Orofac Orthop 2001;62:146-156.
- William RP, Henry WF. The biological basis of orthodontic therapy. In: William RP, Henry WF, eds. Contemporary Orthodontics. 3rd ed. St Louis, Mo: Mosby Inc; 2000 pp.655-660.
- Pini Prato G, Bacetti T, Magnani C. Mucogingival Interceptive Surgery of Buccally-Erupted in Patients Scheduled for Orthodontic Treatment I. A 7 Year Longitudinal 2000;71:172-181. J Periodontol
- Ong MMA, Wang HL. Periodontic and orthodontic treatment in adults; Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2002;122:420- 428.
- Grossi SG, Zambon JJ, Ho AW, Koch G, Dunford RG, Machtei EE et al. Assessment of risk for periodontal disease. I. Risk indicators Periodontol 1994,65;260-267. loss. J
- Kavadia-Tsatala S, Kaklamanos EG, Tsalikis L. Effects of orthodontic treatment on gingival crevicular fluid flow rate and composition: clinical implications and applications. Int J Adult Orthodon Orthognath Surg 2002:17;191-205.
- Cappelli DP, Ebersole JL, Kornman KS. Early-onset periodontitis in hispanic- american adolescents associated with a. actinomycetemcomitans. Commun Dent Oral Epidemiol 1994;22:116-121. 14.
- Waerhaug J. Eruption of teeth into
- crowded position, loss of attachment and
- downgrowth of subgingival plaque. Am J
- Orthod 1980;78:453-459.
- Dinarello CA. Interleukin-1 and its biologically Immunol 1989;44:153-205. cytokines. Adv
- Uematsu S, Mogi M, Deguchi T. Interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, epidermal growth factor, and beta 2-microglobulin levels are elevated in gingival crevicular fluid during human orthodontic tooth movement. J Dent Res 1996;75:562-567.
- Okada H, Murakami S. Cytokine expression in periodontal health and disease. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 1998;9:248-266.
- Bertolini DR, Nedwin GE, Bringman TS, Smith DD, Mundy GR. Stimulation of bone resorption and inhibition of bone formation in vitro by human tumour necrosis factors. Nature 1986;319:516-518.
- Lowney JJ, Norton LA, Shafer DM, Rossomando EF. increase tumor necrosis factor alpha in the human gingival sulcus. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1995;108:519-524.
- Boyd RL, Leggott PJ, Quinn RS, Eakle WS, Chambers D. Periodontal implications of orthodontic treatment in adults with reduced or normal periodontal tissue versus those of adolescents. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1989;96:191-198.
- Artun J, Urbye KS. The effect of orthodontic treatment on periodontal bone support in patients with advanced loss of marginal periodontium. Am J Orthod
- Diedrich P. The eleventh hour or where are our orthodontic limits? J Orofac Orthop 1999;60:60-65.
- Harpenau LA, Boyd RL. Long-term follow-up of successful orthodontic- periodontal aggressive periodontitis: a case report. Clin Orthod Res 2000;3:220-229. localized
- Folio J, Rams TE, Keyes PH. Orthodontic patients therapy periodontitis. Clinical and microbiologic effects. Am J Orthod 1985;87:421-431.
- Hoerman KC, Lang RL, Klapper L, Beery J. Local tetracycline therapy of the periodontium during orthodontic treatment. Quintessence Int 1985;16(2):161-166. 26. Melsen B.
- Limitations in Adult
- Orthodontics. In: Melsen B ed. Current
- Controversies in Orthodontics. Chicago:
- Quintessence 1991.pp. 147-180.
- Proffit WR. Equilibrium theory revisited: Factors influencing position of the teeth. Angle Orthod 1978;48(3):175-186.
- Dahl EH, Zachrisson BU. Long-term experiences with direct-bonded lingual retainers. J Clin Orthod 1991;25:619-630.
- Ramfjord SP. Changing concepts in periodontics. J Prosthet Dent 1984;52:781- 785.
- Nyman S, Karring T, Bergenholz G. Bone regeneration in alveolar bone dehiscences produced by jiggling forces. J Periodontal Res 1982;17:316-322.
- Burgett EG, Ramfjord SP, Nissle RR, Morrison EC, Charbeneau TD, Caffesse RG. A randomized trial of occlusal adjustment in the treatment of periodontitis patients. J Clin Periodontol 1992;19:381- 387.
- Tuverson DL. Anterior interocclusal relations. Am J Orthod 1980;78:361-393.
- Kokich VG, Matthews DP. Surgical and orthodontic management of impacted teeth. Dent Clin North Am 1993;37:181-204.
- Forsberg CM, Brattstrom V, Malmberg E, Nord CE. Ligature wires and elastomeric rings: Two methods of ligation, and their association with microbial colonization of Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli. Eur J Orthod 1991;13:416-420.
- Thomas M, Eliades T, Athanasiov E. Aspects of orthodontic treatment in patients with periodontal disease. In: Thomas M, Eliades T, Athanasiov E. Risk management in orthodontics: Experts’ guide to malpractice New Madlen, Surrey, UK. 2004:191-206. Publishing Co.
- Geraci TF, Nevins M, Crossetti HW. Reattachment following tooth movement into an osseous the periodontium defect in monkey, Int Int J Periodont Rest Dent 1990;10:185-219.
- Wennstrom JL, Lindskog Stokland B, Nyman S, Thilander B. Periodontal tissue response to orthodontic movement of teeth with infrabony pockets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1993;103:313-319.
- Nemcovsky CE, Sasson M, Beny L, Weinreb M, Vardimon AD. Periodontal healing following orthodontic movement of rat molars with intact versus damaged periodontia towards a bony defect. Eur J Orthod 2007;29:338-344.
- Lindskog-Stokland B, Wennstrom JL, Nyman S, Thilander B. Orthodontic tooth movement into edentulous areas with reduced bone height. An experimental study in the dog. Eur J Orthod 1993;15:89- 96.
- Karring T, Nyman S, Thilander B, Magnusson B. Bone regeneration in orthodontically produced alveolar bone dehiscences. 1982;17:309-315. Periodontal Res.
- Ingber J. Forced eruption. Part I. A method of treating isolated one and two wall infrabony osseous defects – rationale and case report. J Periodontol.
- Kajiyama K, Murakami T, Yokota S. Gingival reactions after experimentally induced extrusion of the upper incisors in monkeys. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1993;104:36-47.
- Kozlowsky A, Tat H, Lieberman M. Forced eruption combined with gingival fiberotomy A technique for clinical crown lengthening. J Clin Periodontol
- Berglundh T, Marinello CP, Lindhe J, Thilander B, Liljenberg B. Periodontal tissue reactions to orthodontic extrusion. An experimental study in the dog. J Clin Periodontol 1991;18:330-336.
- Ericsson I, Thilander B, Lindhe J, Okamoto H. The effects of orthodontic tilting movements on the periodontal tissues of infected and non-infected dentitions in dogs. J Clin Periodontol 1977;4:278-293.
- Murakami T, Yokota S, Takahama Y. Periodontal changes after experimentally induced intrusion of the upper incisors in Macaca fuscata monkeys. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1989;95:115-126.
- Jin LJ, Cao CF. Clinical diagnosis of trauma from occlusion and its relation with severity of periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 1992;19:92-97.
- Spear EM, Mathews DM, Kokich VG. Interdisciplinary management of single- tooth implants. Semin Orthod 1997;3:45- 72.
- Edwards JG. A long-term prospective evaluation supracrestal fiberotomy in alleviating orthodontic relapse. Dentofacial Orthop 1988;93:380-387. Am J Orthod
- Diedrich P. Guided tissue regeneration associated with orthodontic therapy. Semin Orthod 1996;2:39-45.
- Edwards JG. The reduction of relapse in extraction cases. Am J Orthod 1971;60: 128-141.
- Ong MMA, Wang HL, Smith FN. Interrelationship between periodontics and adult orthodontics. J Clin Periodontol 1998;25:271-277.
- Basdra EK, Mayer T, Komposch G. Guided tissue regeneration precedures tooth movement and crossbite correction. Angle Orthod 1995;65:307-310. 54. Chace R, Low characteristics of periodontally-involved teeth: A 40-year study. J Periodontol. 1993;64:701-705. SB. Survival JL. considerations in orthodontic treatment. Semin Orthod 1996;2:46-54. Mucogingival
- Dumitrescu LA, Inagaki K. Orthodontics and Periodontics In: Etiology and Pathogenesis of Periodontal Disease Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 pp.307-318
- Stetler KJ, Bissada NF. Significance of the width of keratinized gingival on the periodontal status of teeth with sub- marginal restorations. J Periodontol
- Kokich VG. Esthetics: the orthodontic- periodontic restorative connection. Semin Orthod 1996;2: 21-30.
- Cobb CM. Lasers in periodontics: a review of literature. J Periodontol. 2006;77:545-564.
- Palomo L, Palomo JM, Bissada NF. Salient Periodontal Issues for the Modern Biologic Orthodontist. Semin Orthod
- AAP (Academy report, informational paper). Oral reconstructive and corrective considerations in periodontal therapy J Periodontol 2005;76:1588-1600.
- Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 14 (1) 2011 ______________________________________________
- Zachrisson BU, Mjor IA Remodelling of teeth by grinding. Am J Orthod 1975;68: 545-553.
- Thordarson A, Zachrisson BU, Mjor IA. Remodeling of canines to the shape of lateral incisors by grinding: a long-term clinical and radiographic evaluation. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1991;100:123- 132.
- Tarnow DP, Magner AW, Fletcher P. The effect of the distance from the contact point to the crest of bone on the presence or absence of the interproximal papilla. J Periodontol 1992;63:995-996.
- Wilcko WM, Wilcko T, Bouquot JE. Rapid reshaping: two case reports of decrowding. Int J Periodont Rest Dent 2001;21:9-19.
- Zachrisson S, Zachrisson BU. Gingival condition associated with orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod 1972;42:26-34.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Review |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 22 Ocak 2011 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 22 Ocak 2011 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2011Cilt: 14 Sayı: 1 |
Cumhuriyet Dental Journal (Cumhuriyet Dent J, CDJ) is the official publication of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry. CDJ is an international journal dedicated to the latest advancement of dentistry. The aim of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments in different areas of dentistry. First issue of the Journal of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry was published in 1998. In 2010, journal's name was changed as Cumhuriyet Dental Journal. Journal’s publication language is English.
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