Derleme
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Seramik tamir sistemlerinde güncel yaklaşımlar: Derleme

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 1, 87 - 110, 03.01.2016

Gülfem Ergün

Öz

Veneer porseleninde kırık oluşumu tam seramikler ve metal destekli porselen restorasyonları

içeren tüm dental seramik sistemlerde görülen bir komplikasyondur. Tamir işlemi restorasyon

idamesi açısından önemlidir ve ağız içinde ya da ağız dışında gerçekleştirilebilmektedir.

Daha dayanıklı seramik sistemler geliştirilene kadar direk tamir teknikleri hem hasta hem de

klinisyen için pratik bir çözüm oluşturmaktadır. Günümüzde seramik tamirinde adhezyonun

oluşturulabilmesi için odaklanılan konu mekanik ve kimyasal bağlantının sağlanmasıdır.

Tamir materyali ile kırık yüzeyi arasında tatmin edici adhezyonun sağlanabilmesi için tamir

edilecek yüzeye belirli yüzey işlemlerinin uygulanması gerekmektedir. Kırık hattında açığa

çıkan materyallerin kompozisyon farklılıkları uygulanacak yüzey işlemlerinde de farklılık

oluşturmaktadır. Bu derlemede, güncel seramik tamir yöntemlerini, yüzey işlemlerini ve

materyaller arasındaki farklılıkları içeren çalışmalar irdelenmiştir. Pubmed ve Cochrane Library‘

de 2000 ve 2015 yılları arasında yapılan taramada; seramik, kırık, tamir, bağlantı, hidroflorik

asit, hava abrazyonu, lazer, silika kaplama, kompozit, silan ve bu anahtar kelimelerin farklı

kombinasyonları kullanılmıştır. Tarama sonucu ulaşılan yayınlardan özetlerin okunması sonrası

100 adet çalışma konu kapsamı dahilinde incelemeye uygun görülmüştür. Kırık hattında

açığa çıkan materyal tipinin tamir işleminin seçiminde önemli rol oynadığı ve tamir işleminde

kullanılacak ideal yüzey işlem metodunu seçebilmenin tamir işleminin başarısında direk etkili

bir faktör olduğu görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Seramik kırığı Yüzey işlemi Silika kaplama Kompozit Seramik tamiri

Kaynakça

  • Kimmich M, Stappert CF. Intraoral treatment of veneering porcelain chipping of fixed dental restorations: a review and clinical application. J Am Dent Assoc 2013;144(1):31-44.
  • Raigrodski AJ, Chiche GJ, Potiket N, Hochstedler JL, Mohamed SE, Billiot S, et al. The efficacy of posterior three-unit zirconium-oxide–based ceramic fixed partial dental prostheses: a prospective clinical pilot study. J Prosthet Dent 2006;96(4):237-44.
  • Sailer I, Feher A, Filser F, Lüthy H, Gauckler LJ, Schärer P, et al. Prospective clinical study of zirconia posterior fixed partial dentures: 3-year follow-up. Quintessence Int 2006;37(9):685-93.
  • Raposo LHA, Neiva NA, Silva GRD, Carlo HL, Mota ASD, Prado CJD, et al. Ceramic restoration repair: report of two cases. J Appl Oral Sci 2009;17(2):140-144.
  • Sailer I, Pjetursson BE, Zwahlen M, Hämmerle CH. A systematic review of the survival and complication rates of all-ceramic and metal-ceramic reconstructions after an observation period of at least 3 years. part II: fixed dental prostheses. Clin Oral Implants Res 2007;18(3):86-96.
  • Stappert CF, Baldassarri M, Zhang Y, Hänssler F, Rekow ED, Thompson VP. Reliability and fatigue failure modes of implant-supported aluminum-oxide fixed dental prostheses. Clin Oral Implants Res 2012;23(10):1173 80.
  • Stappert CF, Baldassarri M, Zhang Y, Stappert D, Thompson VP. Contact fatigue response of porcelain-veneered alumina model systems. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2012;100(2):508-15.
  • Heintze SD, Rousson V. Survival of zirconia- and metal-supported fixed dental prostheses: a systematic review. Int J Prosthodon 2010;23(6):493 502.
  • Baldassarri M, Zhang Y, Thompson VP, Rekow ED, Stappert CF. Reliability and failure modes of implant-supported zirconium-oxide fixed dental prostheses related to veneering techniques. J Dent 2011;39(7):489-98.
  • Al-Amleh B, Lyons K, Swain M. Clinical trials in zirconia: a systematic review. J Oral Rehabil 2010;37(8):641-52.
  • Kinsel RP, Lin D. Retrospective analysis of porcelain failures of metal ceramic crowns and fixed partial dentures supported by 729 implants in 152 patients: patient-specific and implant-specific predictors of ceramic failure. J Prosthet Dent 2009;101(6):388-94.
  • Brägger U, Aeschlimann S, Bürgin W, Hämmerle CH, Lang NP. Biological and technical complications and failures with fixed partial dentures (FPD) on implants and teeth after four to five years of function. Clin Oral Implants Res 2001;12(1):26-34.
  • Wady AF, Paleari AG, Queiroz TP, Margonar R. Repair technique for implant-supported metal-ceramic restorations: a clinical report. J Oral Implantol 2014;40(5):589-92.
  • Torrado E, Ercoli C, Al Mardini M, Graser GN, Tallents RH, Cordaro L. A comparison of the porcelain fracture resistance of screw-retained and cement-retained implant-supported metal-ceramic crowns. J Prosthet Dent 2004;91(6):532-37.
  • Karl M, Graef F, Taylor TD, Heckmann SM. In vitro effect of load cycling on metal-ceramic cement-and screw-retained implant restorations. J Prosthet Dent 2007;97(3):137-40.
  • Akhavan Zanjani V, Ahmadi H, Nateghifard A, Ghasemi A, Torabzadeh H, Abdoh Tabrizi M, et al. Effect of different laser surface treatment on microshear bond strength between zirconia ceramic and resin cement. J Investig Clin Dent 2014;3:1-7.
  • Blixt M, Adamczak E, Linden LA, Odén A, Arvidson K. Bonding to densely sintered alumina surfaces: effect of sandblasting and silica coating on1 shear bond strength of luting cements. Int J Prosthodont 2000;13(3):221-26.
  • Brentel AS, Özcan M, Valandro LF, Alarça LG, Amaral R, Bottino MA. Microtensile bond strength of a resin cement to feldpathic ceramic after different etching and silanization regimens in dry and aged conditions. Dent Mater 2007;23(11):1323-31.
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  • Beuer F, Edelhoff D, Gernet W, Sorensen JA. Three-year clinical prospective evaluation of zirconia-based posterior fixed dental prostheses (FDPs). Clin Oral Investig 2009;13(4):445-51.
  • Özcan M, Vallittu PK. Effect of surface conditioning methods on the bond strength of luting cement to ceramics. Dent Mater 2003;19(8):725-31.
  • Galiatsatos AA. An indirect repair technique for fractured metal-ceramic restorations: a clinical report. J Prosthet Dent 2005;93(4):321-23.
  • Özcan M. Evaluation of alternative intra‐oral repair techniques for fractured ceramic‐fused‐to‐metal restorations. J Oral Rehabil 2003;30(2):194-203.
  • Bachhav VC, Aras MA. The effect of ceramic thickness and number of firings on the color of a zirconium oxide based all ceramic system fabricated using CAD/CAM technology. J Adv Prosthodont 2011;3(2):57-62.
  • Gonuldas F, Yılmaz K, Ozturk C. The effect of repeated firings on the color change and surface roughness of dental ceramics. J Adv Prosthodont 2014;6(4):309-16.
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  • Isgrò G, Pallav P, van der Zel JM, Feilzer AJ. The influence of the veneering porcelain and different surface treatments on the biaxial flexural strength of a heat-pressed ceramic. J Prosthet Dent 2003;90(5):465-73.
  • Cho SH, Nagy WW, Goodman JT, Solomon E, Koike M. The effect of 107 multiple firings on the marginal integrity of pressable ceramic single crowns. J Prosthet Dent 2012;107(1):17-23.
  • Santos DJG, Fonseca RG, Adabo GL, Santos Cruz DCA. Shear bond strength of metal-ceramic repair systems. J Prosthet Dent 2006;96(3):165-173.
  • Chung KH, Hwang YC. Bond strengths of porcelain repair systems with various surface treatments. J Prosthet Dent 1997;78(3):267-74.
  • Della Bona A, Anusavice KJ. Microstructure, composition, and etching topography of dental ceramics. Int J Prosthodont 2002;15(2):159-67.
  • Della Bona A, Shen C, Anusavice KJ. Work of adhesion of resin on treated lithia disilicate-based ceramic. Dent Mater 2004;20(4):338-44.
  • Zogheib LV, Bona AD, Kimpara ET, Mccabe JF. Effect of hydrofluoric acid etching duration on the roughness and flexural strength of a lithium disilicate-based glass ceramic. Braz Dent J 2011;22(1):45-50.
  • Colares RCR, Neri JR, Souza AMBD, Pontes KMDF, Mendonca JS, Santiago SL. Effect of surface pretreatments on the microtensile bond strength of lithium-disilicate ceramic repaired with composite resin. Braz Dent J 2013;24(4):349 52.
  • Szep S, Gerhardt T, Gockel HW, Ruppel M, Metzeltin D, Heidemann D. In vitro dentinal surface reaction of 9.5% buffered hydrofluoric acid in repair of ceramic restorations: a scanning electron microscopic investigation. J Prosthet Dent 2000;83(6):668-74.
  • Hooshmand T, Parvizi S, Keshvad A. Effect of surface acid etching on the biaxial flexural strength of two hot‐pressed glass ceramics. J Prosthodont 2008;17(5):415-19.
  • Kussano CM, Bonfante G, Batista JG, Pinto JHN. Evaluation of shear bond strength of composite to porcelain according to surface treatment. Braz Dent J 2003;14(2):132-35.
  • Özcan M, Niedermeier W. Clinical study on the reasons for and location of failures of metal-ceramic restorations and survival of repairs. Int J Prosthodont 2002;15(3):299 302.
  • Kern M, Barloi A, Yang B. Surface conditioning influences zirconia ceramic bonding. J Dent Res 2009;88(9):817-22.
  • Borges GA, Sophr AM, De Goes MF, Sobrinho LC, Chan DC. Effect of etching and airborne particle abrasion on the microstructure of different dental ceramics. J Prosthet Dent 2003;89(5):479-88.
  • Albakry M, Guazzato M, Swain MV. Effect of sandblasting, grinding, polishing and glazing on the flexural strength of two pressable all-ceramic dental materials. J Dent 2004;32(2):91-99.
  • Dérand P, Dérand T. Bond strength of luting cements to zirconium oxide ceramics. Int J Prosthodont 2000;13(2):131-35.
  • Madani M, Chu FC, McDonald AV, Smales RJ. Effects of surface treatments on shear bond strengths between a resin cement and an alumina core. J Prosthet Dent 2000;83(6):644-47.
  • Attia A. Influence of surface treatment and cyclic loading on the durability of repaired all-ceramic crowns. J Appl Oral Sci 2010;18(2):194-200.
  • Jain S, Parkash H, Gupta S, Bhargava A. To evaluate the effect of various surface treatments on the shear bond strength of three different intraoral ceramic repair systems: an in vitro study. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2013;13(3):315-20.
  • Madani AS, Astaneh PA, Nakhaei M, Bagheri HG, Moosavi H, Alavi S, 108 Najjaran NT. Effectiveness of silica-lasing method on the bond strength of composite resin repair to Ni-Cr alloy. J Prosthodont 2015;24(3):225 32.
  • Kasraei S, Rezaei-Soufi L, Heidari B, Vafaee F. Bond strength of resin cement to CO2 and Er: YAG laser-treated zirconia ceramic. Restor Dent Endod 2014;39(4):296-302.
  • Foxton RM, Cavalcanti AN, Nakajima M, Pilecki P, Sherriff M, Melo L, et al. Durability of resin cement bond to aluminium oxide and zirconia ceramics after air abrasion and laser treatment. J Prosthodont 2011;20(2):84-92.
  • Kursoglu P, Motro PFK, Yurdaguven H. Shear bond strength of resin cement to an acid etched and a laser irradiated ceramic surface. J Adv Prosthodont 2013;5(2):98 103.
  • Perhavec T, Diaci J. Comparison of Er: YAG and Er, Cr: YSGG dental lasers. J. Oral Laser Appl 2008;8(2):87-94.
  • Kirmali O, Barutcigil Ç, Ozarslan MM, Barutcigil K, Harorlı OT. Repair bond strength of composite resin to sandblasted and laser irradiated Y-TZP ceramic surfaces. Scanning 2015;37(3):186-92.
  • Gökçe B, Ozpinar B, Dündar M, Cömlekoglu E, Sen BH, Güngör MA. Bond strengths of all-ceramics: acid vs laser etching. Oper Dent 2007;32(2):173-8.
  • Sadat Madani A, Astaneh PA, Shahabi S, Nakhaei MR, Bagheri HG, Chiniforush N. Influence of different power outputs of intraoral Nd: YAG laser on shear bond strength of a resin cement to nickel-chromium dental alloy. Lasers Med Sci 2013;28(1):229 34.
  • Corazza PH, Cavalcanti SC, Queiroz JR, Bottino MA, Valandro LF. Effect of post-silanization heat treatments of silanized feldspathic ceramic on adhesion to resin cement. J Adhes Dent 2013;15(5):473-79.
  • Taira Y, Sakai M, Sawase T. Effects of primer containing silane and thiophosphate monomers on bonding resin to a leucite-reinforced ceramic. J Dent 2012;40(5):353-58.
  • Blatz MB, Sadan A, Kern M. Resin-ceramic bonding: a review of the literature. J Prosthet Dent 2003;89(3):268-74.
  • Li R, Sun YC, Wang C, Gao P. Bonding of an opaque resin to silane-treated porcelain. Biomed Mater Eng 2014;24(6):2117-25.
  • Filho AM, Vieira LCC, Araújo É, Monteiro Júnior S. Effect of different ceramic surface treatments on resin microtensile bond strength. J Prosthodont 2004;13(1):28-35.
  • Heikkinen TT, Lassila LV, Matinlinna JP, Vallittu PK. Effect of operating air pressure on tribochemical silica-coating. Acta Odontol Scand 2007;65(4):241-48.
  • Uo M, Sjögren G, Sundh A, Goto M, Watari F, Bergman M. Effect of surface condition of dental zirconia ceramic (denzir) on bonding. Dent Mater J. 2006;25(3):626-31.
  • Shen C, Oh WS, Williams JR. Effect of post-silanization drying on the bond strength of composite to ceramic. J Prosthet Dent 2004;91(5):453-58.
  • Hooshmand T, VanNoort R, Keshvad A. Bond durability of the resin-bonded and silan treated ceramic surface. Dent Mater 2002;18:179-88.
  • Barghi N, Berry T, Chung K. Effects of timing and heat treatment of silanated porcelain on the bond strength. J Oral Rehabil 2000;27(5):407-12.
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New approaches in ceramic repair systems: Review

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 1, 87 - 110, 03.01.2016

Gülfem Ergün

Öz

Veneering porcelain fracture is a complication which is seen in all dental ceramic systems

containing all ceramic and metal-ceramic restorations. Repairing the fractured veneering

porcelain is important for the maintenance of restoration. The repair process is important in

terms of maintinance of the restoration and can be performed intra-orally or extra-orally. Until

a more durable ceramic systems have been developed, direct repair techniques are a practical

solution for both the patient and the clinician. Nowadays, the focused topics to provide adhesion

for ceramic repair is to creat mechanical and chemical connection. In order to ensure satisfactory

adhesion between the repair material and the fractured surface, certain surface treatments

should be applied. The composition differences of exposed surfaces in the fracture area also

cause differences in surface treatment to be applied. In this review, studies involving current

ceramic repair methods, surface treatments and the differences between the materials have been

discussed. Online search of the dental literature in Pubmed and Cochrane Library from 2000 to

2015 is performed with ceramic, fracture, repair, bonding, hydrofluoric acid, air abrasion, laser,

silica coating, composite, silane and different combinations of these keywords. After reading the

summaries of the screening of publications, 100 researches have been considered appropriate to

review within the subject area. It is observed that the type of the material which is exposed on

the fracture surface play an important role and to choose the ideal surface treatment method to

be used in the repair process is an important factor directly on the success of the fracture repair.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ceramic fracture Surface treatment Silica coating Composite Ceramic repair

Kaynakça

  • Kimmich M, Stappert CF. Intraoral treatment of veneering porcelain chipping of fixed dental restorations: a review and clinical application. J Am Dent Assoc 2013;144(1):31-44.
  • Raigrodski AJ, Chiche GJ, Potiket N, Hochstedler JL, Mohamed SE, Billiot S, et al. The efficacy of posterior three-unit zirconium-oxide–based ceramic fixed partial dental prostheses: a prospective clinical pilot study. J Prosthet Dent 2006;96(4):237-44.
  • Sailer I, Feher A, Filser F, Lüthy H, Gauckler LJ, Schärer P, et al. Prospective clinical study of zirconia posterior fixed partial dentures: 3-year follow-up. Quintessence Int 2006;37(9):685-93.
  • Raposo LHA, Neiva NA, Silva GRD, Carlo HL, Mota ASD, Prado CJD, et al. Ceramic restoration repair: report of two cases. J Appl Oral Sci 2009;17(2):140-144.
  • Sailer I, Pjetursson BE, Zwahlen M, Hämmerle CH. A systematic review of the survival and complication rates of all-ceramic and metal-ceramic reconstructions after an observation period of at least 3 years. part II: fixed dental prostheses. Clin Oral Implants Res 2007;18(3):86-96.
  • Stappert CF, Baldassarri M, Zhang Y, Hänssler F, Rekow ED, Thompson VP. Reliability and fatigue failure modes of implant-supported aluminum-oxide fixed dental prostheses. Clin Oral Implants Res 2012;23(10):1173 80.
  • Stappert CF, Baldassarri M, Zhang Y, Stappert D, Thompson VP. Contact fatigue response of porcelain-veneered alumina model systems. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2012;100(2):508-15.
  • Heintze SD, Rousson V. Survival of zirconia- and metal-supported fixed dental prostheses: a systematic review. Int J Prosthodon 2010;23(6):493 502.
  • Baldassarri M, Zhang Y, Thompson VP, Rekow ED, Stappert CF. Reliability and failure modes of implant-supported zirconium-oxide fixed dental prostheses related to veneering techniques. J Dent 2011;39(7):489-98.
  • Al-Amleh B, Lyons K, Swain M. Clinical trials in zirconia: a systematic review. J Oral Rehabil 2010;37(8):641-52.
  • Kinsel RP, Lin D. Retrospective analysis of porcelain failures of metal ceramic crowns and fixed partial dentures supported by 729 implants in 152 patients: patient-specific and implant-specific predictors of ceramic failure. J Prosthet Dent 2009;101(6):388-94.
  • Brägger U, Aeschlimann S, Bürgin W, Hämmerle CH, Lang NP. Biological and technical complications and failures with fixed partial dentures (FPD) on implants and teeth after four to five years of function. Clin Oral Implants Res 2001;12(1):26-34.
  • Wady AF, Paleari AG, Queiroz TP, Margonar R. Repair technique for implant-supported metal-ceramic restorations: a clinical report. J Oral Implantol 2014;40(5):589-92.
  • Torrado E, Ercoli C, Al Mardini M, Graser GN, Tallents RH, Cordaro L. A comparison of the porcelain fracture resistance of screw-retained and cement-retained implant-supported metal-ceramic crowns. J Prosthet Dent 2004;91(6):532-37.
  • Karl M, Graef F, Taylor TD, Heckmann SM. In vitro effect of load cycling on metal-ceramic cement-and screw-retained implant restorations. J Prosthet Dent 2007;97(3):137-40.
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  • Zogheib LV, Bona AD, Kimpara ET, Mccabe JF. Effect of hydrofluoric acid etching duration on the roughness and flexural strength of a lithium disilicate-based glass ceramic. Braz Dent J 2011;22(1):45-50.
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  • Hooshmand T, Parvizi S, Keshvad A. Effect of surface acid etching on the biaxial flexural strength of two hot‐pressed glass ceramics. J Prosthodont 2008;17(5):415-19.
  • Kussano CM, Bonfante G, Batista JG, Pinto JHN. Evaluation of shear bond strength of composite to porcelain according to surface treatment. Braz Dent J 2003;14(2):132-35.
  • Özcan M, Niedermeier W. Clinical study on the reasons for and location of failures of metal-ceramic restorations and survival of repairs. Int J Prosthodont 2002;15(3):299 302.
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  • Dérand P, Dérand T. Bond strength of luting cements to zirconium oxide ceramics. Int J Prosthodont 2000;13(2):131-35.
  • Madani M, Chu FC, McDonald AV, Smales RJ. Effects of surface treatments on shear bond strengths between a resin cement and an alumina core. J Prosthet Dent 2000;83(6):644-47.
  • Attia A. Influence of surface treatment and cyclic loading on the durability of repaired all-ceramic crowns. J Appl Oral Sci 2010;18(2):194-200.
  • Jain S, Parkash H, Gupta S, Bhargava A. To evaluate the effect of various surface treatments on the shear bond strength of three different intraoral ceramic repair systems: an in vitro study. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2013;13(3):315-20.
  • Madani AS, Astaneh PA, Nakhaei M, Bagheri HG, Moosavi H, Alavi S, 108 Najjaran NT. Effectiveness of silica-lasing method on the bond strength of composite resin repair to Ni-Cr alloy. J Prosthodont 2015;24(3):225 32.
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  • Kursoglu P, Motro PFK, Yurdaguven H. Shear bond strength of resin cement to an acid etched and a laser irradiated ceramic surface. J Adv Prosthodont 2013;5(2):98 103.
  • Perhavec T, Diaci J. Comparison of Er: YAG and Er, Cr: YSGG dental lasers. J. Oral Laser Appl 2008;8(2):87-94.
  • Kirmali O, Barutcigil Ç, Ozarslan MM, Barutcigil K, Harorlı OT. Repair bond strength of composite resin to sandblasted and laser irradiated Y-TZP ceramic surfaces. Scanning 2015;37(3):186-92.
  • Gökçe B, Ozpinar B, Dündar M, Cömlekoglu E, Sen BH, Güngör MA. Bond strengths of all-ceramics: acid vs laser etching. Oper Dent 2007;32(2):173-8.
  • Sadat Madani A, Astaneh PA, Shahabi S, Nakhaei MR, Bagheri HG, Chiniforush N. Influence of different power outputs of intraoral Nd: YAG laser on shear bond strength of a resin cement to nickel-chromium dental alloy. Lasers Med Sci 2013;28(1):229 34.
  • Corazza PH, Cavalcanti SC, Queiroz JR, Bottino MA, Valandro LF. Effect of post-silanization heat treatments of silanized feldspathic ceramic on adhesion to resin cement. J Adhes Dent 2013;15(5):473-79.
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  • Blatz MB, Sadan A, Kern M. Resin-ceramic bonding: a review of the literature. J Prosthet Dent 2003;89(3):268-74.
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  • Mohamed FF, Finkelman M, Zandparsa R, Hirayama H, Kugel G. Effects of surface treatments and cement types on the bond strength of porcelain-to-porcelain repair. J Prosthodont 2014;23(8):618-25.
  • Egilmez F, Ergun G, Cekic-Nagas I, Vallittu PK, Lassila LV. Factors affecting the mechanical behavior of Y-TZP. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014;37:78-87.
  • Attia A, Lehmann F, Kern M. Influence of surface conditioning and cleaning methods on resin bonding to zirconia ceramic. Dent Mater 2011;27(3):207 13.
  • Amaral R, Özcan M, Bottino MA, Valandro LF. Microtensile bond strength of a resin cement to glass infiltrated zirconia-reinforced ceramic: the effect of surface conditioning. Dent Mater 2006;22(3):283-90.
  • Kirmali O, Kapdan A, Harorli OT, Barutcugil C, Ozarslan MM. Efficacy of ceramic repair material on the bond strength of composite resin to zirconia ceramic. Acta Odontol Scand 2015;73(1):28-32.
  • Cristoforides P, Amaral R, May LG, Bottino MA, Valandro LF. Composite resin to yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal bonding: comparison of repair methods. Oper Dent 2012;37(3):263-71.
  • Barragan G, Chasqueira F, Arantes- Oliveira S, Portugal J. Ceramic repair: influence of chemical and mechanical surface conditioning on adhesion to zirconia. Oral Health Dent Manag 2014;13(2):155-8.
  • Shahverdi S, Canay S, Sahin E, Bilge A. Effects of different surface treatment methods on the bond strength of composite resin to porcelain. J Oral Rehabil 1998;25(9):699-705. 110 Frankenberger R, Kramer N, Sindel J. Repair strength of etched vs silica-coated metal-ceramic and all-ceramic restorations. Oper Dent 2000;25(3):209-15.
Toplam 100 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Review
Yazarlar

Gülfem Ergün

Yayımlanma Tarihi 3 Ocak 2016
Gönderilme Tarihi 7 Aralık 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016Cilt: 19 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

EndNote Ergün G (01 Ocak 2016) New approaches in ceramic repair systems: Review. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal 19 1 87–110.

Cumhuriyet Dental Journal (Cumhuriyet Dent J, CDJ) is the official publication of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry. CDJ is an international journal dedicated to the latest advancement of dentistry. The aim of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments in different areas of dentistry. First issue of the Journal of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry was published in 1998. In 2010, journal's name was changed as Cumhuriyet Dental Journal. Journal’s publication language is English.


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