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Herbal Alternatives Used As Irrigation Solutions in Endodontics

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 156 - 173, 30.10.2020

Öz

The main cause of pulp infections is the presence of microorganisms. The main goal in endodontic treatment is to destroy microorganisms and, as a result, to provide recovery. For this purpose, antimicrobial agents are used to providing intra-canal disinfection and control of infection. Many synthetic antibacterial agents have been used as an endodontic irrigation solution over the years. Alternatively, herbal products are popular in dental and medical practice today due to their high antimicrobial activity, biocompatibility, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Herbal preparations are used in dentistry as an anti-inflammatory, antibiotics, analgesic, sedative, and also endodontic irrigant. In this review, the clinical usefulness of various herbal preparations used as endodontic irrigation solutions and studies on these plants in the literature are included.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Chandrabhatla, S., et al., Natural medicaments in endodontics. J Oral Res Rev, 2012. 4(02): p. 25-32.
  • 2. Sadr Lahijani, M., et al., The effect of German chamomile (Marticaria recutita L.) extract and tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia L.) oil used as irrigants on removal of smear layer: a scanning electron microscopy study. International endodontic journal, 2006. 39(3): p. 190-195.
  • 3. Hess, W., The anatomy of the root-canals of the teeth of the permanent dentition. Anatomy of the root canals, 1925.
  • 4. Siqueira Jr, J.F., et al., Clinical outcome of the endodontic treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis using an antimicrobial protocol. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, 2008. 106(5): p. 757-762.
  • 5. Jena, A., S. Govind, and S. Sahoo, Gift of nature to endodontics as root canal irrigant: a review. World J Pharm Res, 2015. 4(9): p. 471-81.
  • 6. Agrawal, V., S. Kapoor, and I. Agrawal, Critical review on eliminating endodontic dental infections using herbal products. Journal of dietary supplements, 2017. 14(2): p. 229-240.
  • 7. Zehnder, M., Root canal irrigants. Journal of endodontics, 2006. 32(5): p. 389-398.
  • 8. Bukhari, S. and A. Babaeer, Irrigation in Endodontics: a Review. Current Oral Health Reports, 2019. 6(4): p. 367-376.
  • 9. Sahni, A. and M. Chandak, Herbal usage in root canal irrigation: A review. Int J Dent Health Sci, 2015. 2(1): p. 76-82.
  • 10. Siqueira Jr, J.F., et al., Chemomechanical reduction of the bacterial population in the root canal after instrumentation and irrigation with 1%, 2.5%, and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. Journal of endodontics, 2000. 26(6): p. 331-334.
  • 11. Badole, G., R. Bahadure, and R. Kubde, Herbal medicines in endodontics: an overview. J Dent & Oral Disord, 2016. 2(9): p. 1046.
  • 12. Sharma, A. and H. Chopra, Chlorhexidine urticaria: a rare occurrence with a common mouthwash. Indian Journal of Dental Research, 2009. 20(3): p. 377.
  • 13. Irrigants, H.E., Herbal Endodontic Irrigants. Int J Prev Clin Dent Res, 2017. 4(4): p. 311-314.
  • 14. Kamat, S., K. Rajeev, and P. Saraf, Role of herbs in endodontics: An update. Endodontology, 2011. 23(1): p. 98-101.
  • 15. Pujar, M. and S.D. Makandar, Herbal usage in endodontics-A review. International journal of contemporary dentistry, 2011. 2(1).
  • 16. Azaizeh, H., et al., Ethnobotanical knowledge of local Arab practitioners in the Middle Eastern region. Fitoterapia, 2003. 74(1-2): p. 98-108.
  • 17. Principe, P., Monetizing the Pharmacological Benefits of Plants, US Environmental Protection Agency. Washington DC, 1991.
  • 18. Parle, M. and N. Bansal, Herbal medicines: are they safe? 2006.
  • 19. Manjunatha, M. and A. Kini, Botanicals in endodontics: A review. Journal of Advanced Clinical and Research Insights, 2016. 3(5): p. 173-176.
  • 20. Zhu, Y.-P. and H.J. Woerdenbag, Traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Pharmacy World and Science, 1995. 17(4): p. 103-112.
  • 21. Silva, F.B.d., J.M.d. Almeida, and S.M.G.d. Sousa, Natural medicaments in endodontics: a comparative study of the anti-inflammatory action. Brazilian oral research, 2004. 18(2): p. 174-179.
  • 22. Morton, J.F., The ocean-going noni, or Indian Mulberry (Morinda citrifolia, Rubiaceae) and some of its “colorful” relatives. Economic Botany, 1992. 46(3): p. 241-256.
  • 23. Sinha, D.J. and A.A. Sinha, Natural medicaments in dentistry. Ayu, 2014. 35(2): p. 113.
  • 24. Yoshida, T., et al., Clinical evaluation of the efficacy of EDTA solution as an endodontic irrigant. Journal of Endodontics, 1995. 21(12): p. 592-593.
  • 25. Saghiri, M.A., et al., The effect of Morinda Citrifolia juice as an endodontic irrigant on smear layer and microhardness of root canal dentin. Oral Science International, 2013. 10(2): p. 53-57.
  • 26. Das, A., et al., Dentine microhardness changes following conventional and alternate irrigation regimens: An in vitro study. Journal of conservative dentistry: JCD, 2014. 17(6): p. 546.
  • 27. Thomas, A.M., et al., The Effect of Four Endodontic Irrigants on the Shear Bond Strength of a Self Etch Resin Based Sealer to Dentin-An In Vitro Study. International Journal of Clinical Dental Science, 2012. 3(1).
  • 28. Barreto, S.L.d.T., et al., Determinação da exigência nutricional de cálcio de codornas japonesas na fase inicial do ciclo de produção. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 2007. 36(1): p. 68-78.
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Endodontide İrrigasyon Solüsyonu Olarak Kullanilan Bitkisel Alternatifler

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 156 - 173, 30.10.2020

Öz

Pulpa enfeksiyonlarının ana nedeni mikroorganizmaların varlığıdır. Endodontik tedavide esas hedef mikroorganizmaların yok edilmesi ve bunun sonucunda iyileşmenin sağlanmasıdır. Bu amaçla antimikrobiyal ajanlar kanal içi dezenfeksiyonun sağlanmasında ve enfeksiyonun kontrolünde kullanılmaktadır. Endodontik irrigasyon solüsyonu olarak yıllar boyunca çok sayıda sentetik antibakteriyel madde kullanılmıştır. Alternatif olarak bitkisel ürünler günümüzde yüksek antimikrobiyal aktivite, biyouyumluluk, anti-enflamatuar ve antioksidan özellikleri nedeniyle dental ve medikal uygulamada popülerdir. Bitkisel preparatlar diş hekimliğinde anti-enflamatuar, antibiyotik, analjezik, sedatif ve ayrıca endodontik irrigant olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu derlemede endodontik irrigasyon solüsyonu olarak kullanılan çeşitli bitkisel preparatların klinik yararlılıkları ve literatürde bu bitkilerle ilgili yapılmış çalışmalara yer verilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Chandrabhatla, S., et al., Natural medicaments in endodontics. J Oral Res Rev, 2012. 4(02): p. 25-32.
  • 2. Sadr Lahijani, M., et al., The effect of German chamomile (Marticaria recutita L.) extract and tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia L.) oil used as irrigants on removal of smear layer: a scanning electron microscopy study. International endodontic journal, 2006. 39(3): p. 190-195.
  • 3. Hess, W., The anatomy of the root-canals of the teeth of the permanent dentition. Anatomy of the root canals, 1925.
  • 4. Siqueira Jr, J.F., et al., Clinical outcome of the endodontic treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis using an antimicrobial protocol. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, 2008. 106(5): p. 757-762.
  • 5. Jena, A., S. Govind, and S. Sahoo, Gift of nature to endodontics as root canal irrigant: a review. World J Pharm Res, 2015. 4(9): p. 471-81.
  • 6. Agrawal, V., S. Kapoor, and I. Agrawal, Critical review on eliminating endodontic dental infections using herbal products. Journal of dietary supplements, 2017. 14(2): p. 229-240.
  • 7. Zehnder, M., Root canal irrigants. Journal of endodontics, 2006. 32(5): p. 389-398.
  • 8. Bukhari, S. and A. Babaeer, Irrigation in Endodontics: a Review. Current Oral Health Reports, 2019. 6(4): p. 367-376.
  • 9. Sahni, A. and M. Chandak, Herbal usage in root canal irrigation: A review. Int J Dent Health Sci, 2015. 2(1): p. 76-82.
  • 10. Siqueira Jr, J.F., et al., Chemomechanical reduction of the bacterial population in the root canal after instrumentation and irrigation with 1%, 2.5%, and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. Journal of endodontics, 2000. 26(6): p. 331-334.
  • 11. Badole, G., R. Bahadure, and R. Kubde, Herbal medicines in endodontics: an overview. J Dent & Oral Disord, 2016. 2(9): p. 1046.
  • 12. Sharma, A. and H. Chopra, Chlorhexidine urticaria: a rare occurrence with a common mouthwash. Indian Journal of Dental Research, 2009. 20(3): p. 377.
  • 13. Irrigants, H.E., Herbal Endodontic Irrigants. Int J Prev Clin Dent Res, 2017. 4(4): p. 311-314.
  • 14. Kamat, S., K. Rajeev, and P. Saraf, Role of herbs in endodontics: An update. Endodontology, 2011. 23(1): p. 98-101.
  • 15. Pujar, M. and S.D. Makandar, Herbal usage in endodontics-A review. International journal of contemporary dentistry, 2011. 2(1).
  • 16. Azaizeh, H., et al., Ethnobotanical knowledge of local Arab practitioners in the Middle Eastern region. Fitoterapia, 2003. 74(1-2): p. 98-108.
  • 17. Principe, P., Monetizing the Pharmacological Benefits of Plants, US Environmental Protection Agency. Washington DC, 1991.
  • 18. Parle, M. and N. Bansal, Herbal medicines: are they safe? 2006.
  • 19. Manjunatha, M. and A. Kini, Botanicals in endodontics: A review. Journal of Advanced Clinical and Research Insights, 2016. 3(5): p. 173-176.
  • 20. Zhu, Y.-P. and H.J. Woerdenbag, Traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Pharmacy World and Science, 1995. 17(4): p. 103-112.
  • 21. Silva, F.B.d., J.M.d. Almeida, and S.M.G.d. Sousa, Natural medicaments in endodontics: a comparative study of the anti-inflammatory action. Brazilian oral research, 2004. 18(2): p. 174-179.
  • 22. Morton, J.F., The ocean-going noni, or Indian Mulberry (Morinda citrifolia, Rubiaceae) and some of its “colorful” relatives. Economic Botany, 1992. 46(3): p. 241-256.
  • 23. Sinha, D.J. and A.A. Sinha, Natural medicaments in dentistry. Ayu, 2014. 35(2): p. 113.
  • 24. Yoshida, T., et al., Clinical evaluation of the efficacy of EDTA solution as an endodontic irrigant. Journal of Endodontics, 1995. 21(12): p. 592-593.
  • 25. Saghiri, M.A., et al., The effect of Morinda Citrifolia juice as an endodontic irrigant on smear layer and microhardness of root canal dentin. Oral Science International, 2013. 10(2): p. 53-57.
  • 26. Das, A., et al., Dentine microhardness changes following conventional and alternate irrigation regimens: An in vitro study. Journal of conservative dentistry: JCD, 2014. 17(6): p. 546.
  • 27. Thomas, A.M., et al., The Effect of Four Endodontic Irrigants on the Shear Bond Strength of a Self Etch Resin Based Sealer to Dentin-An In Vitro Study. International Journal of Clinical Dental Science, 2012. 3(1).
  • 28. Barreto, S.L.d.T., et al., Determinação da exigência nutricional de cálcio de codornas japonesas na fase inicial do ciclo de produção. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 2007. 36(1): p. 68-78.
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  • 54. Tewari, R.K., et al., Role of herbs in endodontics. Journal of Oral Research and Review, 2016. 8(2): p. 95.
  • 55. Behl, H., et al., Efficacy of neem active metabolites for prevention of dental plaque and gingivitis. Neem Foundation 2002. Sarwan. Antibacterial activity of various phytoconstituents of Neem. Pak J Agri Sci, 2009. 46(3): p. 209-213.
  • 56. Jain, P. and M. Ranjan, Role of herbs in root canal irrigation-A review. IOSR J Pharm Biol Sci, 2014. 9(2): p. 06-10.
  • 57. Penumudi, S.M., et al., Antimicrobial efficacy of herbs in endodontics. Journal of Advanced Oral Research, 2015. 6(1): p. 9-12.
  • 58. Zehnder, M., et al., Tissue-dissolving capacity and antibacterial effect of buffered and unbuffered hypochlorite solutions. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, 2002. 94(6): p. 756-762.
  • 59. Taylor, P.W., J.M. Hamilton-Miller, and P.D. Stapleton, Antimicrobial properties of green tea catechins. Food science and technology bulletin, 2005. 2: p. 71.
  • 60. Prabhakar, J., et al., Evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of herbal alternatives (Triphala and green tea polyphenols), MTAD, and 5% sodium hypochlorite against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm formed on tooth substrate: an in vitro study. Journal of Endodontics, 2010. 36(1): p. 83-86.
  • 61. Pujar, M., C. Patil, and A. Kadam, Comparison of antimicrobial efficacy of Triphala,(GTP) Green tea polyphenols and 3% of sodium hypochlorite on Enterococcus faecalis biofilms formed on tooth substrate: in vitro. Journal of International Oral Health, 2011. 3(2).
  • 62. Chattopadhyay, I., et al., Turmeric and curcumin: Biological actions and medicinal applications. CURRENT SCIENCE-BANGALORE-, 2004. 87: p. 44-53.
  • 63. Kohli, K., et al., Curcumin: a natural antiinflammatory agent. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 2005. 37(3): p. 141.
  • 64. Jori, G. and O. Coppellotti, Inactivation of Pathogenic Microorganisms by Photodynamic Techniques: Mechanistic Aspects and Perspective Applications. Anti-Infective Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Formerly Current Medicinal Chemistry-Anti-Infective Agents), 2007. 6(2): p. 119-131.
  • 65. Haukvik, T., et al., Photokilling of bacteria by curcumin in selected polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) preparations. Studies on curcumin and curcuminoids, XLI. Die Pharmazie-An International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2010. 65(8): p. 600-606.
  • 66. Bruzell, E.M., E. Morisbak, and H.H. Tønnesen, Studies on curcumin and curcuminoids. XXIX. Photoinduced cytotoxicity of curcumin in selected aqueous preparations. Photochemical & photobiological sciences, 2005. 4(7): p. 523-530.
  • 67. Neelakantan, P., C. Subbarao, and C.V. Subbarao, Analysis of antibacterial activity of curcumin against Enterococcus faecalis. Int J Curr Res Rev, 2011. 3: p. 37-42.
  • 68. Kumar, H., An in vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial efficacy of Curcuma longa, Tachyspermum ammi, chlorhexidine gluconate, and calcium hydroxide on Enterococcus faecalis. Journal of conservative dentistry: JCD, 2013. 16(2): p. 144.
  • 69. Halawany, H.S., A review on miswak (Salvadora persica) and its effect on various aspects of oral health. The Saudi Dental Journal, 2012. 24(2): p. 63-69.
  • 70. Almas, A.K. and K. Almas, Miswak (salvadora persica chewing stick) and its role in oral health; an update. JPDA, 2013. 22(04): p. 255.
  • 71. Qureshi, A.A., et al., Effects of miswak—Salvadora persica on oral health. Al Ameen J Med Sci, 2016. 9(4): p. 215-218.
  • 72. Pathak, S.D., et al., Phytotherapeutics and Endodontics-A Review. Journal of Medical and Dental Science Research, 2017. 4(1): p. 29-31.
  • 73. Almas, K., The effect of Salvadora persica extract (miswak) and chlorhexidine gluconate on human dentin: a SEM study. J Contemp Dent Pract, 2002. 3(3): p. 27-35.
  • 74. Haque, M.M. and S.A. Alsareii, A review of the therapeutic effects of using miswak (Salvadora Persica) on oral health. Saudi medical journal, 2015. 36(5): p. 530.
  • 75. Rees, L., et al., A quantitative assessment of the antimicrobial activity of garlic (Allium sativum). World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 1993. 9(3): p. 303-307.
  • 76. Reddy, S.G., et al., PLANT PRODUCTS IN DENTISTRY; A REVIEW. International Journal of Dental Clinics, 2011. 3(4).
  • 77. Ambareen, Z. and A. Chinappa, Go green-keep the root canal clean. Int J Dent Sci Res, 2014. 2(6B): p. 21-25.
  • 78. Palaksha, M., M. Ahmed, and S. Das, Antibacterial activity of garlic extract on streptomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli solely and in synergism with streptomycin. Journal of natural science, biology, and medicine, 2010. 1(1): p. 12.
  • 79. Sivakumar, A., et al., Herbendodontics–Phytotherapy In Endodontics: A Review. Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal, 2018. 11(2): p. 1073-1082.
  • 80. Alrazhi, B.A., et al., Antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extracts of Allium sativum L. bulbs and Zingiber officinale roscoe rhizomes as irrigating solutions. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2014. 3(6): p. 332.
  • 81. Birring, O.J., I.L. Viloria, and P. Nunez, Anti-microbial efficacy of Allium sativum extract against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm and its penetration into the root dentin: An in vitro study. Indian Journal of Dental Research, 2015. 26(5): p. 477.
  • 82. Gopalakrishnan, S., S. Rajesh, and J. Ravi, A comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of cinnamon and garlic as endodontic irrigants against Enterococcus faecalis—an in vitro study. Endodontology, 2014. 26(1): p. 149-57.
  • 83. Neelakantan, P., N. Jagannathan, and N. Nazar, International Journal of Drug Development & Research| October-December 2011| Vol. 3| Issue 4| ISSN 0975-9344| Available online http://www. ijddr. in Covered in Official Product of Elsevier, The Netherlands© 2010 IJDDR. Int. J. Drug Dev. & Res, 2011. 3(4): p. 68-77.
  • 84. Kamath, U., et al., Comparison of the antibacterial efficacy of tea tree oil with 3% sodium hypochlorite and 2% Chlorhexidine against E. faecalis: An in vitro study. Journal of contemporary dentistry, 2013. 3(3): p. 117.
  • 85. Moon, S.-E., H.-Y. Kim, and J.-D. Cha, Synergistic effect between clove oil and its major compounds and antibiotics against oral bacteria. Archives of oral biology, 2011. 56(9): p. 907-916.
  • 86. Gupta, A., et al., The effectiveness of three different plant extracts used as irrigant in removal of smear layer: A scanning electron microscopic study. J Oral Health Comm Dent, 2015. 9(1): p. 16-22.
  • 87. Hugar, S., et al., An in vitro comparative evaluation of efficacy of disinfecting ability of garlic oil, neem oil, clove oil, and tulsi oil with autoclaving on endodontic K files tested against Enterococcus faecalis. International journal of clinical pediatric dentistry, 2017. 10(3): p. 283.
  • 88. Bansal, V., et al., Assessment of Antimicrobial Effectiveness of Neem and Clove Extract Against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans: An In vitro Study. Nigerian Medical Journal: Journal of the Nigeria Medical Association, 2019. 60(6): p. 285.
  • 89. Gupta, A., et al., Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of S yzygium aromaticum, O cimum sanctum and C innamomum zeylanicum plant extracts against E nterococcus faecalis: a preliminary study. International endodontic journal, 2013. 46(8): p. 775-783.
  • 90. Khan, R., et al., Antimicrobial activity of five herbal extracts against multi drug resistant (MDR) strains of bacteria and fungus of clinical origin. Molecules, 2009. 14(2): p. 586-597.
  • 91. NM, D.K. and P. Sidhu, The antimicrobial activity of azardirachta indica, glycyrrhiza glabra, cinnamum zeylanicum, syzygium aromaticum, accacia nilotica on streptococcus mutans and enterococcus faecalis-An in vitro study. Editorial 5 Original Research, 2011. 23(1): p. 18.
  • 92. Pai, M.B., et al., Antifungal efficacy of Punica granatum, Acacia nilotica, Cuminum cyminum and Foeniculum vulgare on Candida albicans: an in vitro study. Indian Journal of Dental Research, 2010. 21(3): p. 334.
  • 93. Sahoo, S., et al., Antibacterial activity of Hybanthus enneaspermus against selected urinary tract pathogens. Indian journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 2006. 68(5).
  • 94. Boominathan, R., et al., Anti-inflammatory evaluation of Ionidium suffruticosam Ging. in rats. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2004. 91(2-3): p. 367-370.
  • 95. Hemalatha, S., et al., Anticonvulsant and free radical scavenging activity of Hybanthus enneaspermus: A preliminary screening. 2003.
  • 96. Vamsi, K. and P.K. Bholla, Antibacterial Activity of Hybanthus Enneaspermus against Enterococcus Faecalis A Root Canal Organism. International Journal of Dental Sciences and Research, 2014. 2(6C): p. 14-16.
  • 97. Shakya, V.K., et al., A relative assessment of essential oil of Chrysopogon zizanioides and Matricaria chamomilla along with calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine gel against Enterococcus faecalis in ex vivo root canal models. Journal of conservative dentistry: JCD, 2019. 22(1): p. 34.
  • 98. Bhardwaj, A., S. Ballal, and N. Velmurugan, Comparative evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of natural extracts of Morinda citrifolia, papain and aloe vera (all in gel formulation), 2% chlorhexidine gel and calcium hydroxide, against Enterococcus faecalis: An in vitro study. Journal of conservative dentistry: JCD, 2012. 15(3): p. 293.
  • 99. Panchal, V., D. Gurunathan, and N. Muralidharan, Comparison of antibacterial efficacy of cinnamon extract, neem extract as irrigant and sodium hypochlorite against Enterococcus fecalis: An in vitro study. Indian Journal of Dental Research, 2020. 31(1): p. 124.
  • 100. Gupta-Wadhwa, A., J. Wadhwa, and J. Duhan, Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of three herbal irrigants in reducing intracanal E. faecalis populations: An in vitro study. Journal of clinical and experimental dentistry, 2016. 8(3): p. e230.
  • 101. Mathew, J., et al., Evaluation of an indigenously prepared herbal extract (EndoPam) as an antimicrobial endodontic irrigant: An ex vivo study. Journal of international oral health: JIOH, 2015. 7(6): p. 88.
  • 102. Mamajiwala, A.S., et al., Comparative evaluation of chlorhexidine and cinnamon extract used in dental unit waterlines to reduce bacterial load in aerosols during ultrasonic scaling. Indian Journal of Dental Research, 2018. 29(6): p. 749.
Toplam 101 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Diş Hekimliği
Bölüm Endodontics
Yazarlar

Tuğberk Canavar Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-4552-7100

İrem Eren 0000-0001-5347-8137

Melike Bayram

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Ekim 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Eylül 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Canavar T, Eren İ, Bayram M. Endodontide İrrigasyon Solüsyonu Olarak Kullanilan Bitkisel Alternatifler. Dent & Med J - R. 2020;2(3):156-73.




"Dünyada herşey için, medeniyet için, hayat için, başarı için en gerçek yol gösterici ilimdir, fendir. İlim ve fennin dışında yol gösterici aramak gaflettir, cahilliktir, doğru yoldan sapmaktır. Yalnız ilmin ve fenin yaşadığımız her dakikadaki safhalarının gelişimini anlamak ve ilerlemeleri zamanında takip etmek şarttır. Bin, iki bin, binlerce yıl önceki ilim ve fen lisanının koyduğu kuralları, şu kadar bin yıl sonra bugün aynen uygulamaya kalkışmak elbette ilim ve fennin içinde bulunmak değildir."

M. Kemal ATATÜRK