CAD/CAM SİSTEMLERİNDE KULLANILAN TAM SERAMİK BLOKLAR VE ENDİKASYONLARI

Neslihan Yenice; Ayşe Koçak Büyükdere

Derleme

ALL CERAMIC BLOCKS USED IN CAD / CAM SYSTEMS AND INDICATIONS

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 1 - 15, 29.02.2020

Neslihan Yenice Ayşe Koçak Büyükdere

Öz

Full ceramic restorations usage were limited in the past years only to
the anterior region treatments, nowadays it can be used in all areas of
dentition. The use of traditional ceramics has been limited to single crowns
due to their structural properties and has not been recommended for larger
restorations due to their insufficient resistance. For these reasons,
researchers have tended to continuously improve the mechanical properties of
dental ceramic materials. Compared to materials produced with conventional
systems, CAD/CAM materials offer technical advantages. This review provides a
general overview of all ceramics used in CAD/CAM systems.

Anahtar Kelimeler

CAD/CAM, Dental Ceramics, Aesthetic

Kaynakça

1. Tutal Z, Yamaner IDS, Tuncer EB. Dental Seramiklerin Tarihsel Gelişimi. Atatürk Üniv Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2015;10(10):157-166.
2. Miara P, Touati B, Nathanson D, Giordano R. Esthetic dentistry and ceramic restorations. CRC Press; 1998.
3. Van Dijken JW. All-ceramic restorations: classification and clinical evaluations. Compend Contin Educ Dent Jamesburg NJ 1995. 1999;20(12):1115.
4. O’Brien WJ. Dental materials and their selection, 2002. Quintessence Int.
5. Seghi RR, Sorensen JA, Seghi RR, Sorensen JA. Relative flexural strength of six new ceramic materials. Int J Prosthodont. 1995;8(3):239-246.
6. Li RWK, Chow TW, Matinlinna JP. Ceramic dental biomaterials and CAD/CAM technology: state of the art. J Prosthodont Res. 2014;58(4):208–216.
7. Shenoy A, Shenoy N. Dental ceramics: An update. J Conserv Dent JCD. 2010;13(4):195.
8. Von Fraunhofer JA. Dental materials at a glance. John Wiley & Sons; 2013.
9. Anusavice KJ, Shen C, Rawls HR. Phillips’ science of dental materials. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2012.
10. Babu PJ, Alla RK, Alluri VR, Datla SR, Konakanchi A. Dental ceramics: Part I–An overview of composition, structure and properties. Am J Mater Eng Technol. 2015;3(1):13–18.
11. Gracis S, Thompson VP, Ferencz JL, Silva NR, Bonfante EA. A new classification system for all-ceramic and ceramic-like restorative materials. Int J Prosthodont. 2015;28(3):227-235.
12. Giordano R, McLaren EA. Ceramics overview: classification by microstructure and processing methods. Compend Contin Educ Dent Jamesburg NJ 1995. 2010;31(9):682–4.
13. Pröbster L, Diehl J. Slip-casting alumina ceramics for crown and bridge restorations. Quintessence Int. 1992;23(1):25–31
14. Denry I, Holloway J. Ceramics for dental applications: a review. Materials. 2010;3(1):351–368.
15. Palin WM, Burke FJT. Trends in indirect dentistry: 8. CAD/CAM technology. Dent Update. 2005;32(10):566–572.
16. Mörmann WH, Bindl A. All-ceramic, chair-side computer-aided design/computer-aided machining restorations. Dent Clin North Am. 2002;46(2):405–26.
17. Fasbinder DJ. Chairside CAD/CAM: an overview of restorative material options. Compend Contin Educ Dent Jamesburg NJ 1995. 2012;33(1):50–52. 18. Otto T, De Nisco S. Computer-aided direct ceramic restorations: a 10-year prospective clinical study of Cerec CAD/CAM inlays and onlays. Int J Prosthodont. 2002;15(2):122-128.
19. Christensen RP, Galan AD, Mosher TA. Clinical status of eleven CAD/CAM materials after one to twelve years of service. State Art CAD/CAM Restor. 2006.
20. Della Bona A. Bonding to ceramics: scientific evidences for clinical dentistry. Artes Médicas; 2009.
21. Zimmer S, Göhlich O, Rüttermann S, Lang H, Raab WH, Barthel CR. Long-term survival of Cerec restorations: a 10-year study. Oper Dent. 2008;33(5):484–487.
22. Zahnfabrik V. VITABLOCS [Internet]. VITA Zahnfabrik. [a.yer 20 Temmuz 2019]. Erişim adresi: https://www.vita-zahnfabrik.com/en/VITABLOCS-56965.html
23. Fasbinder DJ. Materials for chairside CAD/CAM restorations. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2010;31(9):702–4.
24. Reich S, Hornberger H. The effect of multicolored machinable ceramics on the esthetics of all-ceramic crowns. J Prosthet Dent. 2002;88(1):44–49.
25. CEREC CAD/CAM Materials | Dentsply Sirona [Internet]. [a.yer 20 Temmuz 2019]. Erişim adresi: https://www.dentsplysirona.com/en/explore/cerec/cad-cam-materials.html
26. Bona AD, Anusavice KJ. Microstructure, composition, and etching topography of dental ceramics. Int J Prosthodont. 2002;15(2):159-167.
27. Höland W, Frank M, Rheinberger V. Surface crystallization of leucite in glasses. J Non-Cryst Solids. 1995;180(2-3):292–307.
28. Sannino G, Germano F, Arcuri L, Bigelli E, Arcuri C, Barlattani A. Cerec CAD/CAM chairside system. Oral Implantol (Rome). 2014;7(3):57.
29. Tinschert J, Zwez D, Marx R, Anusavice KJ. Structural reliability of alumina-, feldspar-, leucite-, mica-and zirconia-based ceramics. J Dent. 2000;28(7):529–535.
30. Naves LZ, Soares CJ, Moraes RR de, Gonçalves LS, Sinhoreti MAC, Correr-Sobrinho L. Surface/interface morphology and bond strength to glass ceramic etched for different periods. Oper Dent. 2010;35(4):420–427.
31. Gökçe B, Özpinar B, Dündar M, Cömlekoglu E, Sen BH, Güngör MA. Bond strengths of all-ceramics: acid vs laser etching. Oper Dent. 2007;32(2):173–178. 32. Guess PC, Strub JR, Steinhart N, Wolkewitz M, Stappert CF. All-ceramic partial coverage restorations—Midterm results of a 5-year prospective clinical splitmouth study. J Dent. 2009;37(8):627–637.
33. Galiatsatos AA, Bergou D. Six-year clinical evaluation of ceramic inlays and onlays. Quintessence Int. 2008;39(5):407-412.
34. Pagniano Jr RP, Seghi RR, Rosenstiel SF, Wang R, Katsube N. The effect of a layer of resin luting agent on the biaxial flexure strength of two all-ceramic systems. J Prosthet Dent. 2005;93(5):459–466.
35. Rosenstiel SF, Land MF. Contemporary Fixed Prosthodontics-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2015.
36. Giordano R. Materials for chairside CAD/CAM–produced restorations. J Am Dent Assoc. 2006;137:14–21.
37. Guess PC, Zavanelli RA, Silva NR, Bonfante EA, Coelho PG, Thompson VP. Monolithic CAD/CAM lithium disilicate versus veneered Y-TZP crowns: comparison of failure modes and reliability after fatigue. Int J Prosthodont. 2010;23(5):434-442.
38. Asai T, Kazama R, Fukushima M, Okiji T. Effect of overglazed and polished surface finishes on the compressive fracture strength of machinable ceramic materials. Dent Mater J. 2010;29(6):661–667.
39. Filho AM, Vieira LCC, Araujo E, Monteiro Júnior S. Effect of different ceramic surface treatments on resin microtensile bond strength. J Prosthodont. 2004;13(1):28–35.
40. Rinke S, Rödiger M, Ziebolz D, Schmidt A-K. Fabrication of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic restorations using a complete digital workflow. Case Rep Dent. 2015;2015. doi: 10.1155/2015/162178.
41. Zahnfabrik V. SUPRINITY [Internet]. VITA Zahnfabrik. [a.yer 26 Haziran 2019]. Erişim adresi: https://www.vita-zahnfabrik.com/en/VITA-SUPRINITY-PC-81863.html
42. Awad D, Stawarczyk B, Liebermann A, Ilie N. Translucency of esthetic dental restorative CAD/CAM materials and composite resins with respect to thickness and surface roughness. J Prosthet Dent. 2015;113(6):534–540.
43. Elsaka SE, Elnaghy AM. Mechanical properties of zirconia reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramic. Dent Mater. 2016;32(7):908–914.
44. de Carvalho Ramos N, Campos TMB, de La Paz IS, Machado JPB, Bottino MA, Cesar PF, vd. Microstructure characterization and SCG of newly engineered dental ceramics. Dent Mater. 2016;32(7):870–878.
45. Conrad HJ, Seong W-J, Pesun IJ. Current ceramic materials and systems with clinical recommendations: a systematic review. J Prosthet Dent. 2007;98(5):389–404.
46. Guess PC, Schultheis S, Bonfante EA, Coelho PG, Ferencz JL, Silva NR. All-ceramic systems: laboratory and clinical performance. Dent Clin. 2011;55(2):333–352. 47. Apholt W, Bindl A, Lüthy H, Mörmann WH. Flexural strength of Cerec 2 machined and jointed InCeram-Alumina and InCeram-Zirconia bars. Dent Mater. 2001;17(3):260–267. 48. Bindl A, Mörmann WH. An up to 5-year clinical evaluation of posterior In-Ceram CAD/CAM core crowns. Int J Prosthodont. 2002;15(5):451-456.
49. Fradeani M, Redemagni M. An 11-year clinical evaluation of leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic crowns: A retrospective study. Quintessence Int. 2002;33(7):503-510.
50. Kelly JR, Benetti P. Ceramic materials in dentistry: historical evolution and current practice. Aust Dent J. 2011;56:84–96.
51. Guazzato M, Albakry M, Ringer SP, Swain MV. Strength, fracture toughness and microstructure of a selection of all-ceramic materials. Part II. Zirconia-based dental ceramics. Dent Mater. 2004;20(5):449–456.
52. Heffernan MJ, Aquilino SA, Diaz-Arnold AM, Haselton DR, Stanford CM, Vargas MA. Relative translucency of six all-ceramic systems. Part I: core materials. J Prosthet Dent. 2002;88(1):4–9.
53. Borba M, de Araújo MD, Fukushima KA, Yoshimura HN, Cesar PF, Griggs JA, vd. Effect of the microstructure on the lifetime of dental ceramics. Dent Mater. 2011;27(7):710–721.
54. Denry I, Kelly JR. State of the art of zirconia for dental applications. Dent Mater. 2008;24(3):299–307.
55. Piconi C, Maccauro G. Zirconia as a ceramic biomaterial. Biomaterials. 1999;20(1):1–25.
56. Beuer F, Schweiger J, Edelhoff D. Digital dentistry: an overview of recent developments for CAD/CAM generated restorations. Br Dent J. 2008;204(9):505.
57. Fradeani M, D’Amelio M, Redemagni M, Corrado M. Five-year follow-up with Procera all-ceramic crowns. Quintessence Int. 2005;36(2):105-113.
58. ZublerSA - DC Zircon [Internet]. [a.yer 20 Temmuz 2019]. Erişim adresi: http://www.zublersa.co.za/DC-Zircon
59. Philipp A, Fischer J, Hämmerle CHF, Sailer I. Novel ceria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia/alumina nanocomposite as framework material for posterior fixed dental prostheses: preliminary results of a prospective case series at 1 year of function. Quintessence Int. 2010;41:313-319.
60. Zhang Y, Lee JJ-W, Srikanth R, Lawn BR. Edge chipping and flexural resistance of monolithic ceramics. Dent Mater. 2013;29(12):1201–1208.
61. CERASMART - Force absorbing hybrid ceramic CAD/CAM Block [Internet]. GC EUROPE. [a.yer 20 Temmuz 2019]. Erişim adresi: https://www.gceurope.com/products/cerasmart/
62. Zahnfabrik V. ENAMIC [Internet]. VITA Zahnfabrik. [a.yer 19 Temmuz 2019]. Erişim adresi: https://www.vita-zahnfabrik.com/en/VITA-ENAMIC-24970.html
63. Venturini AB, Prochnow C, Pereira GK, Segala RD, Kleverlaan CJ, Valandro LF. Fatigue performance of adhesively cemented glass-, hybrid-and resin-ceramic materials for CAD/CAM monolithic restorations. Dent Mater. 2019;35(4):534–542.
64. Güngör MB, Nemli SK, Bal BT, Ünver S, Doğan A. Effect of surface treatments on shear bond strength of resin composite bonded to CAD/CAM resin-ceramic hybrid materials. J Adv Prosthodont. 2016;8(4):259–266.

CAD/CAM SİSTEMLERİNDE KULLANILAN TAM SERAMİK BLOKLAR VE ENDİKASYONLARI

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 1 - 15, 29.02.2020

Neslihan Yenice Ayşe Koçak Büyükdere

Öz

Geçmiş yıllarda tam
seramik restorasyonların kullanım alanları sadece ön bölge tedavileri ile
kısıtlı iken günümüzde dentisyonun tüm alanlarında kullanılabilmektedir.
Geleneksel seramiklerin kullanımı yapısal özelliklerinden dolayı tek kronlarla
sınırlı kalmış ve yetersiz dirençlerinden dolayı daha geniş restorasyonlar için
önerilmemiştir. Bu nedenlerle, araştırmacılar dental seramik materyallerin
mekanik özelliklerini devamlı olarak geliştirmeye yönelmiştir. Geleneksel
sistemlerle üretilen materyallerle kıyaslandığında, CAD/CAM materyalleri teknik
anlamda avantajlar getirmektedir. Bu derleme, CAD/CAM sistemlerinde kullanılan
tam seramikler hakkında genel bilgi veren bir literatür taramasıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

CAD/CAM, Dental Seramikler, Estetik

Kaynakça

1. Tutal Z, Yamaner IDS, Tuncer EB. Dental Seramiklerin Tarihsel Gelişimi. Atatürk Üniv Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2015;10(10):157-166.
2. Miara P, Touati B, Nathanson D, Giordano R. Esthetic dentistry and ceramic restorations. CRC Press; 1998.
3. Van Dijken JW. All-ceramic restorations: classification and clinical evaluations. Compend Contin Educ Dent Jamesburg NJ 1995. 1999;20(12):1115.
4. O’Brien WJ. Dental materials and their selection, 2002. Quintessence Int.
5. Seghi RR, Sorensen JA, Seghi RR, Sorensen JA. Relative flexural strength of six new ceramic materials. Int J Prosthodont. 1995;8(3):239-246.
6. Li RWK, Chow TW, Matinlinna JP. Ceramic dental biomaterials and CAD/CAM technology: state of the art. J Prosthodont Res. 2014;58(4):208–216.
7. Shenoy A, Shenoy N. Dental ceramics: An update. J Conserv Dent JCD. 2010;13(4):195.
8. Von Fraunhofer JA. Dental materials at a glance. John Wiley & Sons; 2013.
9. Anusavice KJ, Shen C, Rawls HR. Phillips’ science of dental materials. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2012.
10. Babu PJ, Alla RK, Alluri VR, Datla SR, Konakanchi A. Dental ceramics: Part I–An overview of composition, structure and properties. Am J Mater Eng Technol. 2015;3(1):13–18.
11. Gracis S, Thompson VP, Ferencz JL, Silva NR, Bonfante EA. A new classification system for all-ceramic and ceramic-like restorative materials. Int J Prosthodont. 2015;28(3):227-235.
12. Giordano R, McLaren EA. Ceramics overview: classification by microstructure and processing methods. Compend Contin Educ Dent Jamesburg NJ 1995. 2010;31(9):682–4.
13. Pröbster L, Diehl J. Slip-casting alumina ceramics for crown and bridge restorations. Quintessence Int. 1992;23(1):25–31
14. Denry I, Holloway J. Ceramics for dental applications: a review. Materials. 2010;3(1):351–368.
15. Palin WM, Burke FJT. Trends in indirect dentistry: 8. CAD/CAM technology. Dent Update. 2005;32(10):566–572.
16. Mörmann WH, Bindl A. All-ceramic, chair-side computer-aided design/computer-aided machining restorations. Dent Clin North Am. 2002;46(2):405–26.
17. Fasbinder DJ. Chairside CAD/CAM: an overview of restorative material options. Compend Contin Educ Dent Jamesburg NJ 1995. 2012;33(1):50–52. 18. Otto T, De Nisco S. Computer-aided direct ceramic restorations: a 10-year prospective clinical study of Cerec CAD/CAM inlays and onlays. Int J Prosthodont. 2002;15(2):122-128.
19. Christensen RP, Galan AD, Mosher TA. Clinical status of eleven CAD/CAM materials after one to twelve years of service. State Art CAD/CAM Restor. 2006.
20. Della Bona A. Bonding to ceramics: scientific evidences for clinical dentistry. Artes Médicas; 2009.
21. Zimmer S, Göhlich O, Rüttermann S, Lang H, Raab WH, Barthel CR. Long-term survival of Cerec restorations: a 10-year study. Oper Dent. 2008;33(5):484–487.
22. Zahnfabrik V. VITABLOCS [Internet]. VITA Zahnfabrik. [a.yer 20 Temmuz 2019]. Erişim adresi: https://www.vita-zahnfabrik.com/en/VITABLOCS-56965.html
23. Fasbinder DJ. Materials for chairside CAD/CAM restorations. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2010;31(9):702–4.
24. Reich S, Hornberger H. The effect of multicolored machinable ceramics on the esthetics of all-ceramic crowns. J Prosthet Dent. 2002;88(1):44–49.
25. CEREC CAD/CAM Materials | Dentsply Sirona [Internet]. [a.yer 20 Temmuz 2019]. Erişim adresi: https://www.dentsplysirona.com/en/explore/cerec/cad-cam-materials.html
26. Bona AD, Anusavice KJ. Microstructure, composition, and etching topography of dental ceramics. Int J Prosthodont. 2002;15(2):159-167.
27. Höland W, Frank M, Rheinberger V. Surface crystallization of leucite in glasses. J Non-Cryst Solids. 1995;180(2-3):292–307.
28. Sannino G, Germano F, Arcuri L, Bigelli E, Arcuri C, Barlattani A. Cerec CAD/CAM chairside system. Oral Implantol (Rome). 2014;7(3):57.
29. Tinschert J, Zwez D, Marx R, Anusavice KJ. Structural reliability of alumina-, feldspar-, leucite-, mica-and zirconia-based ceramics. J Dent. 2000;28(7):529–535.
30. Naves LZ, Soares CJ, Moraes RR de, Gonçalves LS, Sinhoreti MAC, Correr-Sobrinho L. Surface/interface morphology and bond strength to glass ceramic etched for different periods. Oper Dent. 2010;35(4):420–427.
31. Gökçe B, Özpinar B, Dündar M, Cömlekoglu E, Sen BH, Güngör MA. Bond strengths of all-ceramics: acid vs laser etching. Oper Dent. 2007;32(2):173–178. 32. Guess PC, Strub JR, Steinhart N, Wolkewitz M, Stappert CF. All-ceramic partial coverage restorations—Midterm results of a 5-year prospective clinical splitmouth study. J Dent. 2009;37(8):627–637.
33. Galiatsatos AA, Bergou D. Six-year clinical evaluation of ceramic inlays and onlays. Quintessence Int. 2008;39(5):407-412.
34. Pagniano Jr RP, Seghi RR, Rosenstiel SF, Wang R, Katsube N. The effect of a layer of resin luting agent on the biaxial flexure strength of two all-ceramic systems. J Prosthet Dent. 2005;93(5):459–466.
35. Rosenstiel SF, Land MF. Contemporary Fixed Prosthodontics-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2015.
36. Giordano R. Materials for chairside CAD/CAM–produced restorations. J Am Dent Assoc. 2006;137:14–21.
37. Guess PC, Zavanelli RA, Silva NR, Bonfante EA, Coelho PG, Thompson VP. Monolithic CAD/CAM lithium disilicate versus veneered Y-TZP crowns: comparison of failure modes and reliability after fatigue. Int J Prosthodont. 2010;23(5):434-442.
38. Asai T, Kazama R, Fukushima M, Okiji T. Effect of overglazed and polished surface finishes on the compressive fracture strength of machinable ceramic materials. Dent Mater J. 2010;29(6):661–667.
39. Filho AM, Vieira LCC, Araujo E, Monteiro Júnior S. Effect of different ceramic surface treatments on resin microtensile bond strength. J Prosthodont. 2004;13(1):28–35.
40. Rinke S, Rödiger M, Ziebolz D, Schmidt A-K. Fabrication of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic restorations using a complete digital workflow. Case Rep Dent. 2015;2015. doi: 10.1155/2015/162178.
41. Zahnfabrik V. SUPRINITY [Internet]. VITA Zahnfabrik. [a.yer 26 Haziran 2019]. Erişim adresi: https://www.vita-zahnfabrik.com/en/VITA-SUPRINITY-PC-81863.html
42. Awad D, Stawarczyk B, Liebermann A, Ilie N. Translucency of esthetic dental restorative CAD/CAM materials and composite resins with respect to thickness and surface roughness. J Prosthet Dent. 2015;113(6):534–540.
43. Elsaka SE, Elnaghy AM. Mechanical properties of zirconia reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramic. Dent Mater. 2016;32(7):908–914.
44. de Carvalho Ramos N, Campos TMB, de La Paz IS, Machado JPB, Bottino MA, Cesar PF, vd. Microstructure characterization and SCG of newly engineered dental ceramics. Dent Mater. 2016;32(7):870–878.
45. Conrad HJ, Seong W-J, Pesun IJ. Current ceramic materials and systems with clinical recommendations: a systematic review. J Prosthet Dent. 2007;98(5):389–404.
46. Guess PC, Schultheis S, Bonfante EA, Coelho PG, Ferencz JL, Silva NR. All-ceramic systems: laboratory and clinical performance. Dent Clin. 2011;55(2):333–352. 47. Apholt W, Bindl A, Lüthy H, Mörmann WH. Flexural strength of Cerec 2 machined and jointed InCeram-Alumina and InCeram-Zirconia bars. Dent Mater. 2001;17(3):260–267. 48. Bindl A, Mörmann WH. An up to 5-year clinical evaluation of posterior In-Ceram CAD/CAM core crowns. Int J Prosthodont. 2002;15(5):451-456.
49. Fradeani M, Redemagni M. An 11-year clinical evaluation of leucite-reinforced glass-ceramic crowns: A retrospective study. Quintessence Int. 2002;33(7):503-510.
50. Kelly JR, Benetti P. Ceramic materials in dentistry: historical evolution and current practice. Aust Dent J. 2011;56:84–96.
51. Guazzato M, Albakry M, Ringer SP, Swain MV. Strength, fracture toughness and microstructure of a selection of all-ceramic materials. Part II. Zirconia-based dental ceramics. Dent Mater. 2004;20(5):449–456.
52. Heffernan MJ, Aquilino SA, Diaz-Arnold AM, Haselton DR, Stanford CM, Vargas MA. Relative translucency of six all-ceramic systems. Part I: core materials. J Prosthet Dent. 2002;88(1):4–9.
53. Borba M, de Araújo MD, Fukushima KA, Yoshimura HN, Cesar PF, Griggs JA, vd. Effect of the microstructure on the lifetime of dental ceramics. Dent Mater. 2011;27(7):710–721.
54. Denry I, Kelly JR. State of the art of zirconia for dental applications. Dent Mater. 2008;24(3):299–307.
55. Piconi C, Maccauro G. Zirconia as a ceramic biomaterial. Biomaterials. 1999;20(1):1–25.
56. Beuer F, Schweiger J, Edelhoff D. Digital dentistry: an overview of recent developments for CAD/CAM generated restorations. Br Dent J. 2008;204(9):505.
57. Fradeani M, D’Amelio M, Redemagni M, Corrado M. Five-year follow-up with Procera all-ceramic crowns. Quintessence Int. 2005;36(2):105-113.
58. ZublerSA - DC Zircon [Internet]. [a.yer 20 Temmuz 2019]. Erişim adresi: http://www.zublersa.co.za/DC-Zircon
59. Philipp A, Fischer J, Hämmerle CHF, Sailer I. Novel ceria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia/alumina nanocomposite as framework material for posterior fixed dental prostheses: preliminary results of a prospective case series at 1 year of function. Quintessence Int. 2010;41:313-319.
60. Zhang Y, Lee JJ-W, Srikanth R, Lawn BR. Edge chipping and flexural resistance of monolithic ceramics. Dent Mater. 2013;29(12):1201–1208.
61. CERASMART - Force absorbing hybrid ceramic CAD/CAM Block [Internet]. GC EUROPE. [a.yer 20 Temmuz 2019]. Erişim adresi: https://www.gceurope.com/products/cerasmart/
62. Zahnfabrik V. ENAMIC [Internet]. VITA Zahnfabrik. [a.yer 19 Temmuz 2019]. Erişim adresi: https://www.vita-zahnfabrik.com/en/VITA-ENAMIC-24970.html
63. Venturini AB, Prochnow C, Pereira GK, Segala RD, Kleverlaan CJ, Valandro LF. Fatigue performance of adhesively cemented glass-, hybrid-and resin-ceramic materials for CAD/CAM monolithic restorations. Dent Mater. 2019;35(4):534–542.
64. Güngör MB, Nemli SK, Bal BT, Ünver S, Doğan A. Effect of surface treatments on shear bond strength of resin composite bonded to CAD/CAM resin-ceramic hybrid materials. J Adv Prosthodont. 2016;8(4):259–266.

Toplam 60 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Konular	Diş Hekimliği
Bölüm	Prosthodontics and Maxillofacial Prosthetics
Yazarlar	Neslihan Yenice 0000-0002-9301-7666 Ayşe Koçak Büyükdere 0000-0003-1942-456X
Yayımlanma Tarihi	29 Şubat 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi	16 Ekim 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2020 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver	Yenice N, Koçak Büyükdere A. CAD/CAM SİSTEMLERİNDE KULLANILAN TAM SERAMİK BLOKLAR VE ENDİKASYONLARI. Dent & Med J - R. 2020;2(1):1-15.

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"Dünyada herşey için, medeniyet için, hayat için, başarı için en gerçek yol gösterici ilimdir, fendir. İlim ve fennin dışında yol gösterici aramak gaflettir, cahilliktir, doğru yoldan sapmaktır. Yalnız ilmin ve fenin yaşadığımız her dakikadaki safhalarının gelişimini anlamak ve ilerlemeleri zamanında takip etmek şarttır. Bin, iki bin, binlerce yıl önceki ilim ve fen lisanının koyduğu kuralları, şu kadar bin yıl sonra bugün aynen uygulamaya kalkışmak elbette ilim ve fennin içinde bulunmak değildir."

M. Kemal ATATÜRK