Abstract
Objectives: The location and configuration ofthe mandibular canal and mental foramen areimportant considerations in surgical proceduresinvolving the mandible, such as in dental implanttreatment, and in sagittal split ramus osteotomy.The purpose of the present investigation was toclarify the occurrence, location and variations of themental foramen using cone beam computerizedtomography images of the Eastern Anatolia Regionpeople.Materials and Methods: In this study theYüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Dentistry's 742patients were evaluated using computerizedtomography in order to plan dental implanttreatment, to determine impacted teeth positions, orto evaluate pathologic lesions. The mean distancesbetween the mental foramen and the inferior,superior, and lingual mandibular borders weremeasured using cone beam computerizedtomography. Also, the mental foramen’s meanmeziodistal diameter and mean apicocoronaldiameter were evaluated.Results: The mean age of the participants was39.1, with the ages ranging from 20 years old to 60years old. Mental foramen measurements wereevaluated on the mandibular cross-sectional imagesusing cone beam computerized tomographycomputer software. The mean distance was 5.85mm between the mandibular inferior border andmental foramen;11.24 mm between the mandibularsuperior border and mental foramen and 3.44 mmbetween the mandibular lingual border and mentalforamen. The mental foramen’s mesiodistaldiameter was measured to be 2.95 mm and theapicocoronal diameter was 2.78 mm.foramenin ortalama meziodistal çapı 2,95 mm veapikokoronal çapı 2,78 mm olarak belirlenmiştir.Sonuç: Mental foramenin, mandibula inferior,superior ve lingual kenarlarına olan uzaklığı, mentalforamenin meziodistal ve apikokoronal çapıhastalara göre farklılık göstermektedir. Mentalforamen konumunun iyi bilinmesi periodontalcerrahi ve implant cerrahi sırasında oluşabilecekparalizi ve hemoraji gibi komplikasyonları en azaindirmektedir. Konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografianatomik yapıların saptanmasında etkili birdiagnostik teknik olduğu belirlenmiştir.. Bu çalışmaDoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde yaşayan insanlarınmental foramen konumlarının belirlendiği ve budeğerlerin cinsiyet ve yaşa göre karşılaştırıldığıbirçalışmadır.computerized tomography is aneffective diagnostic technique for localizing themental foramen. This is a study to determine theEastern Anatolian Region population’s mentalforamen location.
References
- Kau CH, Bozic M, EngIish J, et al. Cone-beam computed tomography of the maxillofacial region-an update. Int J Med Robot 2009;5:366-380.
- Scarfe WC, Farman AG. What is cone-beam CT and how does it work? Dent Clin North Am 2008;52:707-730.
- White SC. Cone-beam imaging in dentistry. Health Phys 2008;95:6286
- Tsiklakis K, Donta C, Gavala S, et al. Dose reduction in maxillofacial imaging using low dose Cone Beam CT. Eur J Radio 2005;56:413-417.
- Kau CH, Richmond S, Palomo JM, Han MG. Three-dimensional cone beam computerized tomography in orthodontics. Orthod 2005;32:2822
- Scarfe WC, Farman AG, Sukovic P. Clinical applications of cone-beam computed tomography in dental practice. J Can Den Assoc 2006;72:75-80.
- Harorlı A, Akgul M, Dagistan S. Diş Hekimliği Radyolojisi Kitabı; Atatürk Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2006;80-150.
- Naitoh M, Hiraiwa Y, Aimiya H, Ariji E. Observation of bifid mandibular canal using cone-beam computerized tomography. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2009;24:1551
- Naitoh M, Hiraiwa Y, Aimiya H, Gotoh K, Arıji E. Accessory mental foramen assessment using conebeam computed tomography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009;107:289-294
- Naitoh M, Nakahara K, Hiraiwa Y, Aimiya H, Gotoh K, Ariji E. Observation of buccal foramen in mandibular body using cone-beam computed tomography. Okajimas Folia Anat 2009;86:25-29.
- Claeys V, Wackens G. Bifid mandibular canal literature review and case report. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2005;34:55-58.
- Jacobs R, Lambrichts I, Liang X, et al. Neurovascularization of the anterior jaw bones revisited using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2007;103:683-693.
- Clemente CD, Cranial Nerves. In: Gray H, ed. Anatomy of the Human Body 30th American Edition. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.1985;1165-1169.
- Carter RB, Keen M. The intramandibular course of the inferior alveolar nerve. J Anat 1971;108:4334
- Ossenberg NS. Temporal crest canal: case report and statistics on a rate mandibular variant. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1986;62:10-12.
- Toh H, Kodama J, Yanagisato M, Ohmori T. Anatomical study of the accessory mental foramen and the distribution of its nerve. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 1992;69:85-88.
- Cağirankaya LB, Kansu H. An accessory mental foramen: a case report. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008;9:1:98-104.
- Hanihara T, Ishida H. Frequency variations of d iscrete cranial traits in m ajor human populations. IV. Vessel and nerve related variations. J Anat 2001;199:273-287.
- Akabori E. Crania nipponicarecentia Analytical inquiries into the non metric variations in Japanese skull according to age and sex. Jpn J Med Sci Anatomy 1934;4:61-315.
- Kaya Y, Sencimen M, Sahin S, Okcu KM, Dogan N, Bahcecitapar M. Retrospective radiographic evaluation of the anterior loop of the mental nerve: comparison between panoramic radiography and spiral computerized tomography. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2008;23:9199
- Parnia F, Fard EM, Mahboub F, Hafezeqoran A, Gavgani FE. Tomographic volume evaluation of submandibular fossa in patients requiring dental implants. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2010;109:32-36. Makris N, Stamatakis H, Syriopoulos K, Tsiklakis K, van der Stelt PF. Evaluation of the visibility and the course of the mandibular incisive canal and the lingual foramen using cone-beam computed tomography. Clin Oral Implants Res 2010;21:766-771.
- Kumar V, Ludlow JB, Mol A, Cevidanes L. Comparison of conventional and cone beam CT synthesized cephalog rams. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2007;36:263-269.
- Nalcaci R, Öztürk F, Sökücü O. A comparison of two-dimensional radiography and three-dimensional computed tomography in angular cephalometric measurements. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2010;39:100-106.
- Ngeow WC, Yuzawati Y. The location of the mental foramen in a selected Malay population. J Oral Sci 2003;45:171-175. Rouas P, Nancy J, Bar D. Identification of double mandibular canals: Literature review and three case reports with CT scans and cone beam CT. Dentomax illofac Radiol 2007;36:34-38.
- Neiva RF, Gapski R, Wang HL. Morphometric analysis of implantrelated anatomy in Caucasian skulls. J Periodontol 2004;75:1061-1067.
- Yosue T, Brooks SL. The appearance of mental foram-ina on panoramic radiographs. I. Evaluation of patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1989;68:360-364.
- Solar P, Ulm C, Frey G, Matejka M. A classification of the intraosseous paths of the mental nerve. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1994;9:339-344.
- Mraiwa N, Jacobs R, van Steenberghe D, Quirynen M. Clinical assessment and surgical implications of anatomic challenges in the anterior mandible. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2003;5:219-225.
- Wang TM, Shih C, Liu JC, Kuo KJ. A clinical and anatomical study of the location of the mental foramen in adult Chinese mandibles. Acta Anat (Basel) 1986;126:29-33.
- Fishel D, Buchner A, Hershkowith A, Kaffe I. Roent-genologic study of the mental foramen. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1976;41:682-686.
- Ichikawa K. Nutrient artery in Japanese prenatal mandible. Shikagakuho 1961;61:481-511.
- Gershenson A, Nathan H, Luchansky E. Mental foramen and mental nerve: Changes with age. Acta Anat (Basel) 1986;126:21-28.
- Ulm CW, Solar P, Blahout R, Matejka M, Watzek G, Gruber H. Location of the mandibular canal within the atrophic mandible. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1993;31:3703
- Block MS. Color Atlas of Dental Implant Surgery. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 2001:9.
Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinde yaşayan hastaların mandibular interforaminal alanda mental foramenin karakteristiği: konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi çalışması
Abstract
Amaç: Mental foramenin konumu ve sayısı,
mandibular kanalın konumu ve seyri, periodontal
cerrahi, dental implant uygulanması ve sagital split
ramus osteotomisi gibi mandibular cerrahi
işlemlerin başarısını etkileyen faktörler arasındadır.
Bu çalışmanın amacı, konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı
tomografi kullanılarak Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde
yaşayan hastalarda mental foramenin konumunu ve
varyasyonlarını belirlemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya, Yüzüncü Yıl
Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi’ne muayene
için başvuran, dental implant planlaması, gömülü
diş pozisyonunun belirlenmesi ve patolojik
lezyonların değerlendirilmesi gibi nedenlerle konik
ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi çekilmiş 742 hasta dahil
edilmiştir. Konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi
görüntüleri üzerinde mental foramenin
mandibulanın en apikal noktasına uzaklığı, mental
foramenin mandibulanın en lingual noktasına
uzaklığı ve mental foramenin mandibulanın en
koronal noktasına uzaklığı ölçülmüştür. Bu
ölçümlere ek olarak mental foramenin meziodistal
çapı ve apikokoronal çapı da değerlendirilmiştir
Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan hastaların yaş
ortalaması 39,1 yıl olarak ve yaş aralığı ise 20-60
yıl olarak belirlenmiştir. Mental foramen ölçümleri
konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi bilgisayar
yazılımı ile mandibulanın cross-sectional
görüntüleri üzerinde yapılmıştır. Mental foramenin
pozisyonu değerlendirildiğinde, mental foramen ile
mandibulanın apikal kenarı arası ortalama mesafe
5,85 mm olarak ölçülmüştür. Mental foramenin
mandibular kronal kenarı arası ortalama mesafe ise
11,24 mm olarak belirlenmiştir. Mental foramen,
mandibular lingual kenar arasındaki ortalama
mesafe ise 3,44 mm olarak ölçülmüştür. Mental foramenin ortalama meziodistal çapı 2,95 mm ve
apikokoronal çapı 2,78 mm olarak belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç: Mental foramenin, mandibula inferior,
superior ve lingual kenarlarına olan uzaklığı, mental
foramenin meziodistal ve apikokoronal çapı
hastalara göre farklılık göstermektedir. Mental
foramen konumunun iyi bilinmesi periodontal
cerrahi ve implant cerrahi sırasında oluşabilecek
paralizi ve hemoraji gibi komplikasyonları en aza
indirmektedir. Konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi
anatomik yapıların saptanmasında etkili bir
diagnostik teknik olduğu belirlenmiştir.. Bu çalışma
Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde yaşayan insanların
mental foramen konumlarının belirlendiği ve bu
değerlerin cinsiyet ve yaşa göre karşılaştırıldığı
birçalışmadır
References
- Kau CH, Bozic M, EngIish J, et al. Cone-beam computed tomography of the maxillofacial region-an update. Int J Med Robot 2009;5:366-380.
- Scarfe WC, Farman AG. What is cone-beam CT and how does it work? Dent Clin North Am 2008;52:707-730.
- White SC. Cone-beam imaging in dentistry. Health Phys 2008;95:6286
- Tsiklakis K, Donta C, Gavala S, et al. Dose reduction in maxillofacial imaging using low dose Cone Beam CT. Eur J Radio 2005;56:413-417.
- Kau CH, Richmond S, Palomo JM, Han MG. Three-dimensional cone beam computerized tomography in orthodontics. Orthod 2005;32:2822
- Scarfe WC, Farman AG, Sukovic P. Clinical applications of cone-beam computed tomography in dental practice. J Can Den Assoc 2006;72:75-80.
- Harorlı A, Akgul M, Dagistan S. Diş Hekimliği Radyolojisi Kitabı; Atatürk Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2006;80-150.
- Naitoh M, Hiraiwa Y, Aimiya H, Ariji E. Observation of bifid mandibular canal using cone-beam computerized tomography. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2009;24:1551
- Naitoh M, Hiraiwa Y, Aimiya H, Gotoh K, Arıji E. Accessory mental foramen assessment using conebeam computed tomography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009;107:289-294
- Naitoh M, Nakahara K, Hiraiwa Y, Aimiya H, Gotoh K, Ariji E. Observation of buccal foramen in mandibular body using cone-beam computed tomography. Okajimas Folia Anat 2009;86:25-29.
- Claeys V, Wackens G. Bifid mandibular canal literature review and case report. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2005;34:55-58.
- Jacobs R, Lambrichts I, Liang X, et al. Neurovascularization of the anterior jaw bones revisited using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2007;103:683-693.
- Clemente CD, Cranial Nerves. In: Gray H, ed. Anatomy of the Human Body 30th American Edition. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.1985;1165-1169.
- Carter RB, Keen M. The intramandibular course of the inferior alveolar nerve. J Anat 1971;108:4334
- Ossenberg NS. Temporal crest canal: case report and statistics on a rate mandibular variant. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1986;62:10-12.
- Toh H, Kodama J, Yanagisato M, Ohmori T. Anatomical study of the accessory mental foramen and the distribution of its nerve. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 1992;69:85-88.
- Cağirankaya LB, Kansu H. An accessory mental foramen: a case report. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008;9:1:98-104.
- Hanihara T, Ishida H. Frequency variations of d iscrete cranial traits in m ajor human populations. IV. Vessel and nerve related variations. J Anat 2001;199:273-287.
- Akabori E. Crania nipponicarecentia Analytical inquiries into the non metric variations in Japanese skull according to age and sex. Jpn J Med Sci Anatomy 1934;4:61-315.
- Kaya Y, Sencimen M, Sahin S, Okcu KM, Dogan N, Bahcecitapar M. Retrospective radiographic evaluation of the anterior loop of the mental nerve: comparison between panoramic radiography and spiral computerized tomography. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2008;23:9199
- Parnia F, Fard EM, Mahboub F, Hafezeqoran A, Gavgani FE. Tomographic volume evaluation of submandibular fossa in patients requiring dental implants. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2010;109:32-36. Makris N, Stamatakis H, Syriopoulos K, Tsiklakis K, van der Stelt PF. Evaluation of the visibility and the course of the mandibular incisive canal and the lingual foramen using cone-beam computed tomography. Clin Oral Implants Res 2010;21:766-771.
- Kumar V, Ludlow JB, Mol A, Cevidanes L. Comparison of conventional and cone beam CT synthesized cephalog rams. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2007;36:263-269.
- Nalcaci R, Öztürk F, Sökücü O. A comparison of two-dimensional radiography and three-dimensional computed tomography in angular cephalometric measurements. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2010;39:100-106.
- Ngeow WC, Yuzawati Y. The location of the mental foramen in a selected Malay population. J Oral Sci 2003;45:171-175. Rouas P, Nancy J, Bar D. Identification of double mandibular canals: Literature review and three case reports with CT scans and cone beam CT. Dentomax illofac Radiol 2007;36:34-38.
- Neiva RF, Gapski R, Wang HL. Morphometric analysis of implantrelated anatomy in Caucasian skulls. J Periodontol 2004;75:1061-1067.
- Yosue T, Brooks SL. The appearance of mental foram-ina on panoramic radiographs. I. Evaluation of patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1989;68:360-364.
- Solar P, Ulm C, Frey G, Matejka M. A classification of the intraosseous paths of the mental nerve. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1994;9:339-344.
- Mraiwa N, Jacobs R, van Steenberghe D, Quirynen M. Clinical assessment and surgical implications of anatomic challenges in the anterior mandible. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2003;5:219-225.
- Wang TM, Shih C, Liu JC, Kuo KJ. A clinical and anatomical study of the location of the mental foramen in adult Chinese mandibles. Acta Anat (Basel) 1986;126:29-33.
- Fishel D, Buchner A, Hershkowith A, Kaffe I. Roent-genologic study of the mental foramen. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1976;41:682-686.
- Ichikawa K. Nutrient artery in Japanese prenatal mandible. Shikagakuho 1961;61:481-511.
- Gershenson A, Nathan H, Luchansky E. Mental foramen and mental nerve: Changes with age. Acta Anat (Basel) 1986;126:21-28.
- Ulm CW, Solar P, Blahout R, Matejka M, Watzek G, Gruber H. Location of the mandibular canal within the atrophic mandible. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1993;31:3703
- Block MS. Color Atlas of Dental Implant Surgery. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 2001:9.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Original Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | November 1, 2013 |
| Submission Date | December 4, 2012 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2013 |
Cumhuriyet Dental Journal (Cumhuriyet Dent J, CDJ) is the official publication of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry. CDJ is an international journal dedicated to the latest advancement of dentistry. The aim of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments in different areas of dentistry. First issue of the Journal of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry was published in 1998. In 2010, journal's name was changed as Cumhuriyet Dental Journal. Journal’s publication language is English.
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