The Effect of Food-Simulating Liquids and Thermal Aging on Surface Roughness and Color Stability of Bulk-Fill and Conventional Composites
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of food-simulating liquids (FSLs) and thermal aging on the surface roughness and color stability of bulk-fill and conventional composites.
Materials and Methods: A total of 320 disc-shaped samples were prepared, with 40 samples from each of 4 different bulk-fill composites (Filtek Bulk Fill, X-tra fil, Beautifil Bulk Restorative, and Estelite Bulk Fill Flow), and 4 conventional nano-filled composite resins (Filtek Z550, CeramX SphereTEC one, Admira, and Kalore). The prepared samples were randomly divided into subgroups for exposure to FSLs (ethanol, heptane, citric acid) and thermal cycling (TC) (n=10 per subgroup) for 28 days. Initial profilometric surface roughness measurements (Ra0) of all samples and AFM and SEM analyses of selected samples were followed by exposure to FSLs and TC. After completion of aging protocols, measurements and analyses were repeated to obtain the Ra1 (post-treatment surface roughness), and change in surface roughness (∆Ra1-0) was then calculated. Subsequently, initial color measurement of the samples was conducted using a spectrophotometer, followed by immersion of the samples in a coffee solution for 24 hours. Color measurements were repeated, and color change (∆E) was calculated. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare Ra0 and Ra1 values and one-way ANOVA for comparing ∆Ra and ∆E values. Tukey and post hoc tests were employed for pairwise comparisons. The significance level was set at α=.05.
Results: While the surface roughness of bulk-fill composites was affected by the protocols applied (p<0.05), conventional composites generally remained unaffected. Bulk-fill composites exhibited greater ΔRa and ∆E values. The highest ∆Ra and ∆E values were observed in the Beautifil Bulk Restorative group, with the greatest discoloration seen after immersion in citric acid.
Conclusions: Thermal cycling and immersion in FSLs affect surface roughness and color stability of composite resins depending on the content and structure of the composites.
Keywords
bulk-fill composites food-simulating liquids thermal cycling surface roughness color stability
Supporting Institution
CÜBAP
Project Number
Diş-222
References
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- 14. Eweis AH, Yap AU, Yahya NA. Dynamic analysis of bulk-fill composites: Effect of food-simulating liquids. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2017;74:183-188.
- 15. Yap A, Lee M, Chung S, Tsai K, Lim C. Effect of food-simulating liquids on the shear punch strength of composite and polyacid-modified composite restoratives. Operative dentistry. 2002;28(5):529-534.
- 16. Vouvoudi EC, Sideridou ID. Dynamic mechanical properties of dental nanofilled light-cured resin composites: Effect of food-simulating liquids. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2012;10:87-96.
- 17. Vouvoudi EC, Sideridou ID. Effect of food/oral-simulating liquids on dynamic mechanical thermal properties of dental nanohybrid light-cured resin composites. Dent Mater. 2013;29(8):842-850.
- 18. Silva TMD, Sales A, Pucci CR, Borges AB, Torres CRG. The combined effect of food-simulating solutions, brushing and staining on color stability of composite resins. Acta Biomater Odontol Scand. 2017;3(1):1-7.
- 19. Pala K, Tekce N, Tuncer S, Serim ME, Demirci M. Evaluation of the surface hardness, roughness, gloss and color of composites after different finishing/polishing treatments and thermocycling using a multitechnique approach. Dent Mater J. 2016;35(2):278-289.
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- 22. Cabadag OG, Gonulol N. The Effects of Food-Simulating Liquids on Surface Roughness, Surface Hardness, and Solubility of Bulk-Fill Composites. Journal of Advanced Oral Research. 2021;12(2):245-253.
- 23. Tanthanuch S, Kukiattrakoon B, Eiam-O-Pas K, Pokawattana K, Pamanee N, Thongkamkaew W, et al. Surface changes of various bulk-fill resin-based composites after exposure to different food-simulating liquid and beverages. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2018;30(2):126-35.
- 24. Ertas E, Guler AU, Yucel AC, Koprulu H, Guler E. Color stability of resin composites after immersion in different drinks. Dent Mater J. 2006;25(2):371-376.
- 25. Kumari CM, Bhat KM, Bansal R, Singh N, Anupama A, Lavanya T. Evaluation of Surface Roughness and Hardness of Newer Nanoposterior Composite Resins after Immersion in Food-Simulating Liquids. Contemp Clin Dent. 2019;10(2):289-293.
- 26. Peutzfeldt A. Resin composites in dentistry: the monomer systems. Eur J Oral Sci. 1997;105(2):97-116.
- 27. Yap AU, Wattanapayungkul P, Chung SM. Influence of the polymerization process on composite resistance to chemical degradation by food-simulating liquids. Oper Dent. 2003;28(6):723-727.
- 28. Larsen IB, Munksgaard EC. Effect of human saliva on surface degradation of composite resins. Scand J Dent Res. 1991;99(3):254-261.
- 29. Blackham JT, Vandewalle KS, Lien W. Properties of hybrid resin composite systems containing prepolymerized filler particles. Operative dentistry. 2009;34(6):697-702.
- 30. de Fatima Alves da Costa G, Melo A, de Assuncao IV, Borges BCD. Impact of additional polishing method on physical, micromorphological, and microtopographical properties of conventional composites and bulk fill. Microsc Res Tech. 2020;83(3):211-222.
- 31. Can Say E, Yurdaguven H, Yaman BC, Ozer F. Surface roughness and morphology of resin composites polished with two-step polishing systems. Dental materials journal. 2014;33(3):332-342.
- 32. Kooi TJ, Tan QZ, Yap AU, Guo W, Tay KJ, Soh MS. Effects of food-simulating liquids on surface properties of giomer restoratives. Oper Dent. 2012;37(6):665-71.
- 33. Cabadag˘ ÖG, Gönülol N. The Effects of Food-Simulating Liquids on Surface Roughness, Surface Hardness, and Solubility of Bulk-Fill Composites. 2021;12(2):245-53.
- 34. Güler AU, Güler E, Yücel AC, Ertaş E. Effects of polishing procedures on color stability of composite resins. J Appl Oral Sci. 2009;17(2):108-112.
- 35. Llena C, Fernández S, Forner L. Color stability of nanohybrid resin-based composites, ormocers and compomers. Clin Oral Investig. 2017;21(4):1071-1077.
- 36. Sideridou I, Tserki V, Papanastasiou G. Study of water sorption, solubility and modulus of elasticity of light-cured dimethacrylate-based dental resins. Biomaterials. 2003;24(4):655-65.
- 37. Thoma DS, Ioannidis A, Fehmer V, Michelotti G, Jung RE, Sailer I. Threshold Values for the Perception of Color Changes in Human Teeth. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2016;36(6):777-783.
Abstract
Project Number
Diş-222
References
- 1. Leprince JG, Palin WM, Hadis MA, Devaux J, Leloup G. Progress in dimethacrylate-based dental composite technology and curing efficiency. Dent Mater. 2013;29(2):139-156.
- 2. Leprince JG, Palin WM, Vanacker J, Sabbagh J, Devaux J, Leloup G. Physico-mechanical characteristics of commercially available bulk-fill composites. J Dent. 2014;42(8):993-1000.
- 3. Abbas G, Fleming GJ, Harrington E, Shortall AC, Burke FJ. Cuspal movement and microleakage in premolar teeth restored with a packable composite cured in bulk or in increments. J Dent. 2003;31(6):437-444.
- 4. Benetti AR, Havndrup-Pedersen C, Honore D, Pedersen MK, Pallesen U. Bulk-fill resin composites: polymerization contraction, depth of cure, and gap formation. Oper Dent. 2015;40(2):190-200.
- 5. Ilie N, Bucuta S, Draenert M. Bulk-fill Resin-based Composites: An In Vitro Assessment of Their Mechanical Performance. Operative Dentistry. 2013;38(6):618-625.
- 6. El Gezawi M, Kaisarly D, Al-Saleh H, ArRejaie A, Al-Harbi F, Kunzelmann KH. Degradation Potential of Bulk Versus Incrementally Applied and Indirect Composites: Color, Microhardness, and Surface Deterioration. Oper Dent. 2016;41(6):e195-e208.
- 7. Yap AU, Tan SH, Wee SS, Lee CW, Lim EL, Zeng KY. Chemical degradation of composite restoratives. J Oral Rehabil. 2001;28(11):1015-1021.
- 8. Heintze SD, Zappini G, Rousson V. Wear of ten dental restorative materials in five wear simulators--results of a round robin test. Dent Mater. 2005;21(4):304-317.
- 9. Wongkhantee S, Patanapiradej V, Maneenut C, Tantbirojn D. Effect of acidic food and drinks on surface hardness of enamel, dentine, and tooth-coloured filling materials. J Dent. 2006;34(3):214-220.
- 10. Yap AU, Lim LY, Yang TY, Ali A, Chung SM. Influence of dietary solvents on strength of nanofill and ormocer composites. Oper Dent. 2005;30(1):129-133.
- 11. Glauser S, Astasov-Frauenhoffer M, Muller JA, Fischer J, Waltimo T, Rohr N. Bacterial colonization of resin composite cements: influence of material composition and surface roughness. European journal of oral sciences. 2017;125(4):294-302.
- 12. Food and Drug Administration. FDA guidelines for chemistry and technology requirements of indirect additive petitions. Washington, 1976.
- 13. Egilmez F, Ergun G, Cekic-Nagas I, Vallittu PK, Lassila LVJ. Does artificial aging affect mechanical properties of CAD/CAM composite materials. Journal of Prosthodontic Research. 2018;62(1):65-74.
- 14. Eweis AH, Yap AU, Yahya NA. Dynamic analysis of bulk-fill composites: Effect of food-simulating liquids. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2017;74:183-188.
- 15. Yap A, Lee M, Chung S, Tsai K, Lim C. Effect of food-simulating liquids on the shear punch strength of composite and polyacid-modified composite restoratives. Operative dentistry. 2002;28(5):529-534.
- 16. Vouvoudi EC, Sideridou ID. Dynamic mechanical properties of dental nanofilled light-cured resin composites: Effect of food-simulating liquids. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2012;10:87-96.
- 17. Vouvoudi EC, Sideridou ID. Effect of food/oral-simulating liquids on dynamic mechanical thermal properties of dental nanohybrid light-cured resin composites. Dent Mater. 2013;29(8):842-850.
- 18. Silva TMD, Sales A, Pucci CR, Borges AB, Torres CRG. The combined effect of food-simulating solutions, brushing and staining on color stability of composite resins. Acta Biomater Odontol Scand. 2017;3(1):1-7.
- 19. Pala K, Tekce N, Tuncer S, Serim ME, Demirci M. Evaluation of the surface hardness, roughness, gloss and color of composites after different finishing/polishing treatments and thermocycling using a multitechnique approach. Dent Mater J. 2016;35(2):278-289.
- 20. Kakaboura A, Fragouli M, Rahiotis C, Silikas N. Evaluation of surface characteristics of dental composites using profilometry, scanning electron, atomic force microscopy and gloss-meter. Journal of materials science Materials in medicine. 2007;18(1):155-163.
- 21. Lainovic T, Vilotic M, Blazic L, Kakas D, Markovic D, Ivanisevic A. Determination of surface roughness and topography of dental resin-based nanocomposites using AFM analysis. Bosnian journal of basic medical sciences. 2013;13(1):34-43.
- 22. Cabadag OG, Gonulol N. The Effects of Food-Simulating Liquids on Surface Roughness, Surface Hardness, and Solubility of Bulk-Fill Composites. Journal of Advanced Oral Research. 2021;12(2):245-253.
- 23. Tanthanuch S, Kukiattrakoon B, Eiam-O-Pas K, Pokawattana K, Pamanee N, Thongkamkaew W, et al. Surface changes of various bulk-fill resin-based composites after exposure to different food-simulating liquid and beverages. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry. 2018;30(2):126-35.
- 24. Ertas E, Guler AU, Yucel AC, Koprulu H, Guler E. Color stability of resin composites after immersion in different drinks. Dent Mater J. 2006;25(2):371-376.
- 25. Kumari CM, Bhat KM, Bansal R, Singh N, Anupama A, Lavanya T. Evaluation of Surface Roughness and Hardness of Newer Nanoposterior Composite Resins after Immersion in Food-Simulating Liquids. Contemp Clin Dent. 2019;10(2):289-293.
- 26. Peutzfeldt A. Resin composites in dentistry: the monomer systems. Eur J Oral Sci. 1997;105(2):97-116.
- 27. Yap AU, Wattanapayungkul P, Chung SM. Influence of the polymerization process on composite resistance to chemical degradation by food-simulating liquids. Oper Dent. 2003;28(6):723-727.
- 28. Larsen IB, Munksgaard EC. Effect of human saliva on surface degradation of composite resins. Scand J Dent Res. 1991;99(3):254-261.
- 29. Blackham JT, Vandewalle KS, Lien W. Properties of hybrid resin composite systems containing prepolymerized filler particles. Operative dentistry. 2009;34(6):697-702.
- 30. de Fatima Alves da Costa G, Melo A, de Assuncao IV, Borges BCD. Impact of additional polishing method on physical, micromorphological, and microtopographical properties of conventional composites and bulk fill. Microsc Res Tech. 2020;83(3):211-222.
- 31. Can Say E, Yurdaguven H, Yaman BC, Ozer F. Surface roughness and morphology of resin composites polished with two-step polishing systems. Dental materials journal. 2014;33(3):332-342.
- 32. Kooi TJ, Tan QZ, Yap AU, Guo W, Tay KJ, Soh MS. Effects of food-simulating liquids on surface properties of giomer restoratives. Oper Dent. 2012;37(6):665-71.
- 33. Cabadag˘ ÖG, Gönülol N. The Effects of Food-Simulating Liquids on Surface Roughness, Surface Hardness, and Solubility of Bulk-Fill Composites. 2021;12(2):245-53.
- 34. Güler AU, Güler E, Yücel AC, Ertaş E. Effects of polishing procedures on color stability of composite resins. J Appl Oral Sci. 2009;17(2):108-112.
- 35. Llena C, Fernández S, Forner L. Color stability of nanohybrid resin-based composites, ormocers and compomers. Clin Oral Investig. 2017;21(4):1071-1077.
- 36. Sideridou I, Tserki V, Papanastasiou G. Study of water sorption, solubility and modulus of elasticity of light-cured dimethacrylate-based dental resins. Biomaterials. 2003;24(4):655-65.
- 37. Thoma DS, Ioannidis A, Fehmer V, Michelotti G, Jung RE, Sailer I. Threshold Values for the Perception of Color Changes in Human Teeth. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2016;36(6):777-783.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Dentistry (Other) |
| Journal Section | Original Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | Diş-222 |
| Publication Date | September 29, 2023 |
| Submission Date | August 14, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 |
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