Abstract
Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is a pathologic condition of multifactorial nature. The diagnosis of the same has been limited to clinical and radiographic aids with very little significance to assess its inflammatory component. objectives: The present study aims to evaluate the role of leptin, an adipocytokine as a non-invasive inflammatory biomarker in ECC.
Materials and Method: A total of 60 children between the age of (3-5) years were selected for the study. The study subjects were divided into three groups of 20 each including Group 1 as control, Group 2 with mild to moderate ECC and Group 3 with severe ECC. Saliva samples were taken from all subjects and collected again after 2 months following rehabilitative intervention. Levels of salivary leptin were determined using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).
Results: Levels of salivary leptin were significantly associated with severity of dental caries. The intragroup comparisons of pre and post treatment levels of salivary leptin showed significant reductions in both mild to moderate ECC and severe ECC groups following caries control. Inter group evaluation between mild to moderate ECC and severe ECC post treatment showed statistically significant decline of leptin levels in comparison to baseline values.
Conclusion: There was a statistically significant decline in salivary leptin levels between the mild moderate and severe ECC group, after 2 months following caries control. Thus, leptin holds a potential to be recognized as a reliable future prognostic and diagnostic inflammatory marker in early childhood caries.
Keywords
Supporting Institution
AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences
Project Number
ABSM/EC/56/2018
Thanks
PROF (Dr) Suchetha Kumari, Professor, Department of Biochemistry, KS Hegde Medical Academy
References
- 1. Policy on Early Childhood Caries (ECC): Classifications, Consequences, and Preventive Strategies, American Academy of Pedriatic Dentistry, 2016
- 2. Babu Jose, King, J. Early Childhood caries lesions in preschool children in Kerala. J of Pedriatic Dentistry 2003; 25:6
- 3. V Sharma, N Gupta, et al. Diagnostic potential of inflammatory biomarkers in early childhood caries- A case control study. Clinica Chimica Acta. 471 2017;158-163.
- 4. M.Menon, R.Varma, et al. Evaluation of Salivary IL-6 in children with Early childhood caries after treatment. Contempory Clinical Dentistry 2016;(2):198-202.
- 5. Noriko Ikuni, Queenie Lai Kwan Lam, et al. Leptin and Inflammation. NIH 2008;14(2):70-79.
- 6. G Fantuzzi, Raffaela F et al. Leptin Regulation in immunity, inflammation and haematopoiesis. J of Leukocyte Biology 2000;68.
- 7. J Martin-Gonzalez et al. Leptin expression in healthy and inflamed human dental pulp. Int Endodontic Journal 2013;46:442-448.
- 8. Martín-González J, Pérez-Pérez A, Sánchez-Jiménez F, Díaz-Parrado EM, de Miguel M, Sánchez-Margalet V, Segura-Egea JJ. Leptin promotes dentin sialophosphoprotein expression in human dental pulp. Journal of endodontics. 2015 Apr 1;41(4):487-92.
- 9. Martín-González J, Pérez-Pérez A, Sánchez-Jiménez F, Carmona-Fernández A, Sánchez-Margalet V, Segura-Egea JJ. Leptin Signalling in Human Dental Pulp: Involvement of MAPK, PI3K and JAK/STAT3 . 2014 Jun:82.
- 10. A Haghighi, Davar M. Presence of leptin in chronic periapical lesions. IEJ 2010;5:4
- 11. B.V Karthikeya, F Pradeep, et al. Leptin level in gingival crevicular fluid in periodontal health and disease. J of Periodontal Research 2007; 42:300-304.
- 12. WHO: Oral Health Assessments Form for children, 2013.
- 13. Priya KY, Prathibha KM. Methods of collection of saliva-a review. International Journal of Oral Health Dentistry. 2017;3(3):149-53.
- 14. Rodrigues L, Espanca R, Costa AR, Antunes CM, Pomar C, Capela-Silva F, Pinheiro CC, Amado F, Lamy E. Association between salivary leptin levels and taste perception in children. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism. 2017 Jul 24;2017.
- 15. Myers MG, Jr. (2004) Leptin receptor signaling and the regulation of mammalian physiology. Recent Prog Horm Res 59:287-304.: 287-304.
- 16. Iikuni N, Lam QL, Lu L, Matarese G, La CA (2008). Leptin and Inflammation. Curr. Immunol. Rev. 4: 70-9.
- 17. Fernández-Riejos P, Najib S, Santos-Alvarez J et al. (2010) Role of leptin in the activation of immune cells. Mediators of Inflammation 2010, 568343
- 18. Cioffi J, Shafer AW, Zupancic TJ, Smith-Gbur J, Mikhail A, Platika D, Snodgrass HR (1996). Novel B219/OB receptor isoforms. Possible role of leptin in hematopoiesis and reproduction. Nat Med 2:585-8.
- 19. Sánchez-Margalet V, Martıín-Romero C, Santos-Alvarez J, Goberna R, Najib S, Gonzalez-Yanes C (2003b) Role of leptin as an immunomodulator of blood mononuclear cells: mechanisms of action. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 133, 11–9.
- 20. Marsh PD. Microbial ecology of dental plaque and its significance in health and disease. Advances in dental research. 1994 Jul;8(2):263-71
- 21. Wigen TI, Skaret E, Wang NJ. Dental avoidance behaviour in parent and child as risk indicators for caries in 5-year-old children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2009;19(6):431-7.
- 22. Reisine S, Douglass JM. Psychosocial and behavioural issues in early childhood caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1998;26(1 Suppl):32-44.
- 23. Maffei M, Halaas J, Ravussin E et al (1995b). Leptin levels in human and rodent: measurement of plasma leptin and ob RNA in obese and weight-reduced subjects. Nat. Med.1: 1155-61.
- 24. Menon MM, Balagopal RV, Sajitha K, Parvathy K, Sangeetha GB, Arun XM, Sureshkumar J. Evaluation of salivary interleukin-6 in children with early childhood caries after treatment. Contemporary clinical dentistry. 2016 Apr;7(2):198.
- 25. El Karim IA, Linden GJ, Irwin CR, Lundy FT (2009) Neuropeptides regulate expression of angiogenic growth factors in human dental pulp fibroblasts. Journal of Endodontics 35, 829–33.
- 26. Farquharson AJ, Steele RJ, Carey FA, Drew JE (2012). Novel multiplex method to assess insulin, leptin and adiponectin regulation of inflammatory cytokines associated with colon cancer. Mol. Biol. Rep. 39: 5727-36.
- 27. Takahashi K, Nakanishi T, Yumoto H, Adachi T, Matsuo T (2008). CCL20 production is induced in human dental pulp upon stimulation by Streptococcus mutans and proinflammatory cytokines. Oral Microbiol. Immunol. 23: 320-7.
- 28. Matarese G (2000). Leptin and the immune system: how nutritional status influences the immune response. Eur Cytokine Netw 11:7-14.
Abstract
Project Number
ABSM/EC/56/2018
References
- 1. Policy on Early Childhood Caries (ECC): Classifications, Consequences, and Preventive Strategies, American Academy of Pedriatic Dentistry, 2016
- 2. Babu Jose, King, J. Early Childhood caries lesions in preschool children in Kerala. J of Pedriatic Dentistry 2003; 25:6
- 3. V Sharma, N Gupta, et al. Diagnostic potential of inflammatory biomarkers in early childhood caries- A case control study. Clinica Chimica Acta. 471 2017;158-163.
- 4. M.Menon, R.Varma, et al. Evaluation of Salivary IL-6 in children with Early childhood caries after treatment. Contempory Clinical Dentistry 2016;(2):198-202.
- 5. Noriko Ikuni, Queenie Lai Kwan Lam, et al. Leptin and Inflammation. NIH 2008;14(2):70-79.
- 6. G Fantuzzi, Raffaela F et al. Leptin Regulation in immunity, inflammation and haematopoiesis. J of Leukocyte Biology 2000;68.
- 7. J Martin-Gonzalez et al. Leptin expression in healthy and inflamed human dental pulp. Int Endodontic Journal 2013;46:442-448.
- 8. Martín-González J, Pérez-Pérez A, Sánchez-Jiménez F, Díaz-Parrado EM, de Miguel M, Sánchez-Margalet V, Segura-Egea JJ. Leptin promotes dentin sialophosphoprotein expression in human dental pulp. Journal of endodontics. 2015 Apr 1;41(4):487-92.
- 9. Martín-González J, Pérez-Pérez A, Sánchez-Jiménez F, Carmona-Fernández A, Sánchez-Margalet V, Segura-Egea JJ. Leptin Signalling in Human Dental Pulp: Involvement of MAPK, PI3K and JAK/STAT3 . 2014 Jun:82.
- 10. A Haghighi, Davar M. Presence of leptin in chronic periapical lesions. IEJ 2010;5:4
- 11. B.V Karthikeya, F Pradeep, et al. Leptin level in gingival crevicular fluid in periodontal health and disease. J of Periodontal Research 2007; 42:300-304.
- 12. WHO: Oral Health Assessments Form for children, 2013.
- 13. Priya KY, Prathibha KM. Methods of collection of saliva-a review. International Journal of Oral Health Dentistry. 2017;3(3):149-53.
- 14. Rodrigues L, Espanca R, Costa AR, Antunes CM, Pomar C, Capela-Silva F, Pinheiro CC, Amado F, Lamy E. Association between salivary leptin levels and taste perception in children. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism. 2017 Jul 24;2017.
- 15. Myers MG, Jr. (2004) Leptin receptor signaling and the regulation of mammalian physiology. Recent Prog Horm Res 59:287-304.: 287-304.
- 16. Iikuni N, Lam QL, Lu L, Matarese G, La CA (2008). Leptin and Inflammation. Curr. Immunol. Rev. 4: 70-9.
- 17. Fernández-Riejos P, Najib S, Santos-Alvarez J et al. (2010) Role of leptin in the activation of immune cells. Mediators of Inflammation 2010, 568343
- 18. Cioffi J, Shafer AW, Zupancic TJ, Smith-Gbur J, Mikhail A, Platika D, Snodgrass HR (1996). Novel B219/OB receptor isoforms. Possible role of leptin in hematopoiesis and reproduction. Nat Med 2:585-8.
- 19. Sánchez-Margalet V, Martıín-Romero C, Santos-Alvarez J, Goberna R, Najib S, Gonzalez-Yanes C (2003b) Role of leptin as an immunomodulator of blood mononuclear cells: mechanisms of action. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 133, 11–9.
- 20. Marsh PD. Microbial ecology of dental plaque and its significance in health and disease. Advances in dental research. 1994 Jul;8(2):263-71
- 21. Wigen TI, Skaret E, Wang NJ. Dental avoidance behaviour in parent and child as risk indicators for caries in 5-year-old children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2009;19(6):431-7.
- 22. Reisine S, Douglass JM. Psychosocial and behavioural issues in early childhood caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1998;26(1 Suppl):32-44.
- 23. Maffei M, Halaas J, Ravussin E et al (1995b). Leptin levels in human and rodent: measurement of plasma leptin and ob RNA in obese and weight-reduced subjects. Nat. Med.1: 1155-61.
- 24. Menon MM, Balagopal RV, Sajitha K, Parvathy K, Sangeetha GB, Arun XM, Sureshkumar J. Evaluation of salivary interleukin-6 in children with early childhood caries after treatment. Contemporary clinical dentistry. 2016 Apr;7(2):198.
- 25. El Karim IA, Linden GJ, Irwin CR, Lundy FT (2009) Neuropeptides regulate expression of angiogenic growth factors in human dental pulp fibroblasts. Journal of Endodontics 35, 829–33.
- 26. Farquharson AJ, Steele RJ, Carey FA, Drew JE (2012). Novel multiplex method to assess insulin, leptin and adiponectin regulation of inflammatory cytokines associated with colon cancer. Mol. Biol. Rep. 39: 5727-36.
- 27. Takahashi K, Nakanishi T, Yumoto H, Adachi T, Matsuo T (2008). CCL20 production is induced in human dental pulp upon stimulation by Streptococcus mutans and proinflammatory cytokines. Oral Microbiol. Immunol. 23: 320-7.
- 28. Matarese G (2000). Leptin and the immune system: how nutritional status influences the immune response. Eur Cytokine Netw 11:7-14.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Original Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | ABSM/EC/56/2018 |
| Publication Date | December 30, 2022 |
| Submission Date | April 8, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022 |
Cumhuriyet Dental Journal (Cumhuriyet Dent J, CDJ) is the official publication of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry. CDJ is an international journal dedicated to the latest advancement of dentistry. The aim of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments in different areas of dentistry. First issue of the Journal of Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry was published in 1998. In 2010, journal's name was changed as Cumhuriyet Dental Journal. Journal’s publication language is English.
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