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Peri-implant Doku Hastalıkları ve Tedavisi

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 64 - 70, 15.06.2017

Öz

Peri-implant hastalık, implantın kemik ile başarılı bir şekilde osseoentegrasyonunu takiben bakteriler ile konak cevabı arasındaki dengenin bozulması sonucu oluşur. Peri-implant hastalıklardan biri olan peri-implant mukozitis, iltihabi reaksiyonların sadece mukozada olduğu durumlarda görülürken, peri-implantitis peri-implant mukozadaki iltihaba kemik kaybının eşlik ettiği durumda görülür. Peri-implant hastalıkların teşhisinde klinik değerlendirmede sondalama derinliği, sondalamada kanama ve süpürasyon göz önüne alınır. Buna ilave olarak radyografik değerlendirmede destek kemik seviyeleri incelenir. Peri-implant hastalıkların gelişmesinde sigara, kötü ağız hijyeni, periodontal hastalık geçmişi, diyabet mellitus, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar ve implant yüzey özellikleri birer risk faktörü olarak kabul edilmektedir. Peri-implant mukozitisin tedavisinde mekanik tedavi ile birlikte antimikrobiyal tedavi uygulanırken, peri-implantitis olgularında bu yöntemler yeterli sonuç vermemektedir. Peri-implantitisin tedavisinde mekanik işlemlere ilave, rezektif ve/veya rejeneratif cerrahi ile periodontal tedaviler uygulanmaktadır. Diş hekimlerinin peri-implant hastalıkların oluşması ve mevcut bir hastalığın ilerlemesini önlemeye yönelik bilgilerinin arttırılması gerekmektedir. Bununla birlikte hastaların da destekleyici periodontal/peri-implant tedavi kapsamında düzenli diş hekimi kontrollerine gitmeleri ve ağız hijyen seviyelerini maksimum düzeyde idame etmeleri sağlanmalıdır.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Listgarten MA, Buser D, Steinemann SG, Donath K, Lang NP, Weber HP. Light and transmission electron microscopy of the intact interfaces between non-submerged titanium-coated epoxy resin implants and bone or gingiva. J Dent Res 1992; 71: 364-71. [CrossRef] 2. Lekholm U. Clinical procedures for treatment with osseointegrated dental implants. J Prosthet Dent 1983; 50: 116-20. [CrossRef] 3. Etter TH, Hakanson I, Lang NP, Trejo PM, Caffesse RG. Healing after standardized clinical probing of the perlimplant soft tissue seal: a histomorphometric study in dogs. Clin Oral Implants Res 2002; 13: 571-80. [CrossRef ] 4. Abrahamsson I, Berglundh T, Wennström J, Lindhe J. The peri-implant hard and soft tissues at different implant systems. A comparative study in the dog. Clin Oral Implants Res 1996; 7: 212-9. [CrossRef] 5. Hansson HA, Albrektsson T, Branemark PI. Structural aspects of the interface between tissue and titanium implants. J Prosthet Dent 1983; 50: 108-13. [CrossRef] 6. Berglundh T, Lindhe J, Jonsson K, Ericsson I. The topography of the vascular systems in the periodontal and peri-implant tissues in the dog. J Clin Periodontol 1994; 21: 189-93. [CrossRef] 7. Moon IS, Berglundh T, Abrahamsson I, Linder E, Lindhe J. The barrier between the keratinized mucosa and the dental implant. An experimental study in the dog. J Clin Periodontol 1999; 26: 658-63. [CrossRef ] 8. Koka S, Razzoog ME, Bloem TJ, Syed S. Microbial colonization of dental implants in partially edentulous subjects. J Prosthet Dent 1993; 70: 141- 4. [CrossRef] 9. Seymour GJ, Powell RN, Davies WI. The immunopathogenesis of progressive chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. J Oral Pathol 1979; 8: 249-65. [CrossRef] 10. Lindhe J, Berglundh T, Ericsson I, Liljenberg B, Marinello C. Experimental breakdown of peri-implant and periodontal tissues. A study in the beagle dog. Clin Oral Implants Res 1992; 3: 9-16. [CrossRef] 11. Heitz-Mayfield LJ, Lang NP. Comparative biology of chronic and aggressive periodontitis vs. peri-implantitis. Periodontol 2000 2010; 53: 167-81. [CrossRef] 12. Zitzmann NU, Berglundh T. Definition and prevalence of peri-implant diseases. J Clin Periodontol 2008; 35: 286-91. [CrossRef] 13. Ferreira SD, Silva GL, Cortelli JR, Costa JE, Costa FO. Prevalence and risk variables for peri-implant disease in Brazilian subjects. J Clin Periodontol 2006; 33: 929-35. [CrossRef] 14. Sanz M, Chapple IL. Clinical research on peri-implant diseases: consensus report of Working Group 4. J Clin Periodontol 2012; 39 Suppl 12: 202-6. [CrossRef] 15. Mir-Mari J, Mir-Orfila P, Figueiredo R, Valmaseda-Castellon E, Gay-Escoda C. Prevalence of peri-implant diseases. A cross-sectional study based on a private practice environment. J Clin Periodontol 2012; 39: 490-4. [CrossRef ] 16. Marrone A, Lasserre J, Bercy P, Brecx MC. Prevalence and risk factors for peri-implant disease in Belgian adults. Clin Oral Implants Res 2013; 24: 934-40. [CrossRef] 17. Lang NP, Berglundh T. Periimplant diseases: where are we now?--Consensus of the Seventh European Workshop on Periodontology. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38 Suppl 11: 178-81. [CrossRef] 18. Fürst MM, Salvi GE, Lang NP, Persson GR. Bacterial colonization immediately after installation on oral titanium implants. Clin Oral Implants Res 2007; 18: 501-8. [CrossRef] 19. Botero JE, Gonzalez AM, Mercado RA, Olave G, Contreras A. Subgingival microbiota in peri-implant mucosa lesions and adjacent teeth in partially edentulous patients. J Periodontol 2005; 76: 1490-5. [CrossRef] 20. Leonhardt A, Renvert S, Dahlén G. Microbial findings at failing implants. Clin Oral Implants Res 1999; 10: 339-45. [CrossRef] 21. Mombelli A, Müller N, Cionca N. The epidemiology of peri-implantitis. Clin Oral Implants Res 2012; 23 Suppl 6: 67-76. [CrossRef] 22. Heitz-Mayfield LJ. Peri-implant diseases: diagnosis and risk indicators. J Clin Periodontol 2008; 35: 292-304. [CrossRef] 23. Lindhe J, Meyle J. Peri-implant diseases. Consensus report of the sixth european workshop on periodontology. J Clin Periodontol 2008; 35: 282- 5. [CrossRef] 24. Renvert S, Aghazadeh A, Hallström H, Persson GR. Factors related to peri-implantitis - a retrospective study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2014; 25: 522- 9. [CrossRef] 25. Jepsen S, Berglundh T, Genco R, Aas AM, Demirel K, Derks J, et al. Primary prevention of peri-implantitis: managing peri-implant mucositis. J Clin Periodontol 2015; 42 Suppl 16: S152-7. [CrossRef] 26. Baltacıoğlu E, Bağıs B, Korkmaz FM, Aydın G, Yuva P, Korkmaz YT. Peri-implant plastic surgical approaches to increasing keratinized mucosa width. J Oral Implantol 2015; 41: e73-81. [CrossRef] 27. Koseoglu S, Saglam M, Kelebek S: The importance of keratinized mucosa in long term maintenance of dental implants and palatinal rotational pediculated flap application: Case report. J Dent Fac Atatürk Uni 2015; 25: 221-5. 28. Koldsland OC, Scheie AA, Aass AM. Prevalence of peri-implantitis related to severity of the disease with different degrees of bone loss. J Periodontol 2010; 81: 231-8. [CrossRef] 29. Daubert DM, Weinstein BF, Bordin S, Leroux BG, Flemming TF. Prevalence and predictive factors for peri-implant disease and implant failure: a cross-sectional analysis. J Periodontol 2015; 86: 337-47. [CrossRef] 30. Rinke S, Ohl S, Ziebolz D, Lange K, Eickholz P. Prevalence of peri-implant disease in partially edentulous patients: a practice-based cross-sectional study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2011; 22: 826-33. [CrossRef] 31. Cavalli N, Corbella S, Taschieri S, Francetti L. Prevalence of Peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis in patients treated with a combination of axial and tilted implants supporting a complete fixed denture. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015: 874842. [CrossRef] 32. Konstantinidis IK, Kotsakis GA, Gerdes S, Walter MH. Cross-sectional study on the prevalence and risk indicators of peri-implant diseases. Eur J Oral Implantol 2015; 8: 75-88. 33. Elemek E: Peri-implant Dokuların Klinik ve Radyografik Olarak İncelenmesi. Marmara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi. 2016. 34. Renvert S, Polyzois IN. Clinical approaches to treat peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. Periodontol 2000 2015; 68: 369-404. [CrossRef] 35. Schenk G, Flemmig TF, Betz T, Reuther J, Klaiber B. Controlled local delivery of tetracycline HCl in the treatment of periimplant mucosal hyperplasia and mucositis. A controlled case series. Clin Oral Implants Res 1997; 8: 427-33. [CrossRef] Clin Exp Health Sci 2017; 7: 64-70 Elemek ve ark. Peri-implant 69 36. Thöne-Mühling M, Swierkot K, Nonnenmacher C, Mutters R, Flores-de-Jacoby L, Mengel R. Comparison of two full-mouth approaches in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis: a pilot study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2010; 21: 504-12. [CrossRef] 37. Heitz-Mayfield LJ, Lang NP. Antimicrobial treatment of peri-implant diseases. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2004; 19 Suppl: 128-39. 38. Renvert S, Lessem J, Dahlén G, Renvert H, Lindahl C. Mechanical and repeated antimicrobial therapy using a local drug delivery system in the treatment of peri-implantitis: a randomized clinical trial. J Periodontol 2008; 79: 836-44. [CrossRef] 39. Felo A, Shibly O, Ciancio SG, Lauciello FR, Ho A. Effects of subgingival chlorhexidine irrigation on peri-implant maintenance. Am J Dent 1997; 10: 107-10. 40. Heitz-Mayfield LJ, Salvi GE, Botticelli D, Mombelli A, Faddy M, Lang NP. Anti-infective treatment of peri-implant mucositis: a randomised controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Implants Res 2011; 22: 237-41. [CrossRef] 41. Porras R, Anderson GB, Caffesse R, Narendran S, Trejo PM. Clinical response to 2 different therapeutic regimens to treat peri-implant mucositis. J Periodontol 2002; 73: 1118-25. [CrossRef] 42. Schwarz F, Becker K, Sager M. Efficacy of professionally administered plaque removal with or without adjunctive measures for the treatment of peri-implant mucositis. A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol 2015; 42 Suppl 16: S202-13. [CrossRef] 43. Figuero E, Graziani F, Sanz I, Herrera D, Sanz M. Management of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. Periodontol 2000 2014; 66: 255-73. [CrossRef] 44. Büchter A, Kleinheinz J, Meyer U, Joos U. Treatment of severe peri-implant bone loss using autogenous bone and a bioabsorbable polymer that delivered doxycycline (Atridox). Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004; 42: 454-6. [CrossRef] 45. Renvert S, Lindahl C, Roos Jansaker AM, Persson GR. Treatment of peri-implantitis using an Er:YAG laser or an air-abrasive device: a randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38: 65-73. [CrossRef] 46. Romeo E, Ghisolfi M, Murgolo N, Chiapasco M, Lops D, Vogel G. Therapy of peri-implantitis with resective surgery. A 3-year clinical trial on rough screw-shaped oral implants. Part I: clinical outcome. Clin Oral Implants Res 2005; 16: 9-18. [CrossRef] 47. Schwarz F, Sahm N, Iglhaut G, Becker J. Impact of the method of surface debridement and decontamination on the clinical outcome following combined surgical therapy of peri-implantitis: a randomized controlled clinical study. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38: 276-84. [CrossRef] 48. Albouy JP, Abrahamsson I, Persson LG, Berglundh T. Implant surface characteristics influence the outcome of treatment of peri-implantitis: an experimental study in dogs. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38: 58-64. [CrossRef] 49. Wiltfang J, Zernial O, Behrens E, Schlegel A, Warnke PH, Becker ST. Regenerative treatment of peri-implantitis bone defects with a combination of autologous bone and a demineralized xenogenic bone graft: a series of 36 defects. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2012; 14: 421-7. [CrossRef] 50. Roos-Jansaker AM, Renvert H, Lindahl C, Renvert S. Surgical treatment of peri-implantitis using a bone substitute with or without a resorbable membrane: a prospective cohort study. J Clin Periodontol 2007; 34: 625- 32. [CrossRef]

Peri-implant Tissues and Diseases

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 64 - 70, 15.06.2017

Öz

Peri-implant diseases occur due to imbalance between host response and biofilm after successful osseointegration of an implant with the bone. Among peri-implant diseases, peri-implant mucositis is used to describe the presence of inflammation only within the mucosa, whereas peri-implantitis is characterized by loss of supporting bone in addition to the inflammation within the mucosa. For the diagnosis of peri-implant diseases, probing depth, bleeding on probing, and suppuration are clinically assessed. Additionally, supporting bone levels are radiographically evaluated. Smoking, lack of oral hygiene, history of periodontal disease, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and implant surface characteristics are the known risk factors for the development of peri-implant diseases. For the treatment of peri-implant mucositis, antimicrobial treatment is performed together with mechanical debridement. However, these treatment approaches are not sufficient for peri-implantitis cases. For the treatment of peri-implantitis, resective and/or regenerative surgical interventions are used in addition to mechanical debridement. It is crucial to improve the knowledge among dentists about the prevention and progression of peri-implant diseases. On the other hand, patients should be advised regular dental visits and to maintain the highest level of oral hygiene.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Listgarten MA, Buser D, Steinemann SG, Donath K, Lang NP, Weber HP. Light and transmission electron microscopy of the intact interfaces between non-submerged titanium-coated epoxy resin implants and bone or gingiva. J Dent Res 1992; 71: 364-71. [CrossRef] 2. Lekholm U. Clinical procedures for treatment with osseointegrated dental implants. J Prosthet Dent 1983; 50: 116-20. [CrossRef] 3. Etter TH, Hakanson I, Lang NP, Trejo PM, Caffesse RG. Healing after standardized clinical probing of the perlimplant soft tissue seal: a histomorphometric study in dogs. Clin Oral Implants Res 2002; 13: 571-80. [CrossRef ] 4. Abrahamsson I, Berglundh T, Wennström J, Lindhe J. The peri-implant hard and soft tissues at different implant systems. A comparative study in the dog. Clin Oral Implants Res 1996; 7: 212-9. [CrossRef] 5. Hansson HA, Albrektsson T, Branemark PI. Structural aspects of the interface between tissue and titanium implants. J Prosthet Dent 1983; 50: 108-13. [CrossRef] 6. Berglundh T, Lindhe J, Jonsson K, Ericsson I. The topography of the vascular systems in the periodontal and peri-implant tissues in the dog. J Clin Periodontol 1994; 21: 189-93. [CrossRef] 7. Moon IS, Berglundh T, Abrahamsson I, Linder E, Lindhe J. The barrier between the keratinized mucosa and the dental implant. An experimental study in the dog. J Clin Periodontol 1999; 26: 658-63. [CrossRef ] 8. Koka S, Razzoog ME, Bloem TJ, Syed S. Microbial colonization of dental implants in partially edentulous subjects. J Prosthet Dent 1993; 70: 141- 4. [CrossRef] 9. Seymour GJ, Powell RN, Davies WI. The immunopathogenesis of progressive chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. J Oral Pathol 1979; 8: 249-65. [CrossRef] 10. Lindhe J, Berglundh T, Ericsson I, Liljenberg B, Marinello C. Experimental breakdown of peri-implant and periodontal tissues. A study in the beagle dog. Clin Oral Implants Res 1992; 3: 9-16. [CrossRef] 11. Heitz-Mayfield LJ, Lang NP. Comparative biology of chronic and aggressive periodontitis vs. peri-implantitis. Periodontol 2000 2010; 53: 167-81. [CrossRef] 12. Zitzmann NU, Berglundh T. Definition and prevalence of peri-implant diseases. J Clin Periodontol 2008; 35: 286-91. [CrossRef] 13. Ferreira SD, Silva GL, Cortelli JR, Costa JE, Costa FO. Prevalence and risk variables for peri-implant disease in Brazilian subjects. J Clin Periodontol 2006; 33: 929-35. [CrossRef] 14. Sanz M, Chapple IL. Clinical research on peri-implant diseases: consensus report of Working Group 4. J Clin Periodontol 2012; 39 Suppl 12: 202-6. [CrossRef] 15. Mir-Mari J, Mir-Orfila P, Figueiredo R, Valmaseda-Castellon E, Gay-Escoda C. Prevalence of peri-implant diseases. A cross-sectional study based on a private practice environment. J Clin Periodontol 2012; 39: 490-4. [CrossRef ] 16. Marrone A, Lasserre J, Bercy P, Brecx MC. Prevalence and risk factors for peri-implant disease in Belgian adults. Clin Oral Implants Res 2013; 24: 934-40. [CrossRef] 17. Lang NP, Berglundh T. Periimplant diseases: where are we now?--Consensus of the Seventh European Workshop on Periodontology. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38 Suppl 11: 178-81. [CrossRef] 18. Fürst MM, Salvi GE, Lang NP, Persson GR. Bacterial colonization immediately after installation on oral titanium implants. Clin Oral Implants Res 2007; 18: 501-8. [CrossRef] 19. Botero JE, Gonzalez AM, Mercado RA, Olave G, Contreras A. Subgingival microbiota in peri-implant mucosa lesions and adjacent teeth in partially edentulous patients. J Periodontol 2005; 76: 1490-5. [CrossRef] 20. Leonhardt A, Renvert S, Dahlén G. Microbial findings at failing implants. Clin Oral Implants Res 1999; 10: 339-45. [CrossRef] 21. Mombelli A, Müller N, Cionca N. The epidemiology of peri-implantitis. Clin Oral Implants Res 2012; 23 Suppl 6: 67-76. [CrossRef] 22. Heitz-Mayfield LJ. Peri-implant diseases: diagnosis and risk indicators. J Clin Periodontol 2008; 35: 292-304. [CrossRef] 23. Lindhe J, Meyle J. Peri-implant diseases. Consensus report of the sixth european workshop on periodontology. J Clin Periodontol 2008; 35: 282- 5. [CrossRef] 24. Renvert S, Aghazadeh A, Hallström H, Persson GR. Factors related to peri-implantitis - a retrospective study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2014; 25: 522- 9. [CrossRef] 25. Jepsen S, Berglundh T, Genco R, Aas AM, Demirel K, Derks J, et al. Primary prevention of peri-implantitis: managing peri-implant mucositis. J Clin Periodontol 2015; 42 Suppl 16: S152-7. [CrossRef] 26. Baltacıoğlu E, Bağıs B, Korkmaz FM, Aydın G, Yuva P, Korkmaz YT. Peri-implant plastic surgical approaches to increasing keratinized mucosa width. J Oral Implantol 2015; 41: e73-81. [CrossRef] 27. Koseoglu S, Saglam M, Kelebek S: The importance of keratinized mucosa in long term maintenance of dental implants and palatinal rotational pediculated flap application: Case report. J Dent Fac Atatürk Uni 2015; 25: 221-5. 28. Koldsland OC, Scheie AA, Aass AM. Prevalence of peri-implantitis related to severity of the disease with different degrees of bone loss. J Periodontol 2010; 81: 231-8. [CrossRef] 29. Daubert DM, Weinstein BF, Bordin S, Leroux BG, Flemming TF. Prevalence and predictive factors for peri-implant disease and implant failure: a cross-sectional analysis. J Periodontol 2015; 86: 337-47. [CrossRef] 30. Rinke S, Ohl S, Ziebolz D, Lange K, Eickholz P. Prevalence of peri-implant disease in partially edentulous patients: a practice-based cross-sectional study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2011; 22: 826-33. [CrossRef] 31. Cavalli N, Corbella S, Taschieri S, Francetti L. Prevalence of Peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis in patients treated with a combination of axial and tilted implants supporting a complete fixed denture. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015: 874842. [CrossRef] 32. Konstantinidis IK, Kotsakis GA, Gerdes S, Walter MH. Cross-sectional study on the prevalence and risk indicators of peri-implant diseases. Eur J Oral Implantol 2015; 8: 75-88. 33. Elemek E: Peri-implant Dokuların Klinik ve Radyografik Olarak İncelenmesi. Marmara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi. 2016. 34. Renvert S, Polyzois IN. Clinical approaches to treat peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. Periodontol 2000 2015; 68: 369-404. [CrossRef] 35. Schenk G, Flemmig TF, Betz T, Reuther J, Klaiber B. Controlled local delivery of tetracycline HCl in the treatment of periimplant mucosal hyperplasia and mucositis. A controlled case series. Clin Oral Implants Res 1997; 8: 427-33. [CrossRef] Clin Exp Health Sci 2017; 7: 64-70 Elemek ve ark. Peri-implant 69 36. Thöne-Mühling M, Swierkot K, Nonnenmacher C, Mutters R, Flores-de-Jacoby L, Mengel R. Comparison of two full-mouth approaches in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis: a pilot study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2010; 21: 504-12. [CrossRef] 37. Heitz-Mayfield LJ, Lang NP. Antimicrobial treatment of peri-implant diseases. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2004; 19 Suppl: 128-39. 38. Renvert S, Lessem J, Dahlén G, Renvert H, Lindahl C. Mechanical and repeated antimicrobial therapy using a local drug delivery system in the treatment of peri-implantitis: a randomized clinical trial. J Periodontol 2008; 79: 836-44. [CrossRef] 39. Felo A, Shibly O, Ciancio SG, Lauciello FR, Ho A. Effects of subgingival chlorhexidine irrigation on peri-implant maintenance. Am J Dent 1997; 10: 107-10. 40. Heitz-Mayfield LJ, Salvi GE, Botticelli D, Mombelli A, Faddy M, Lang NP. Anti-infective treatment of peri-implant mucositis: a randomised controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Implants Res 2011; 22: 237-41. [CrossRef] 41. Porras R, Anderson GB, Caffesse R, Narendran S, Trejo PM. Clinical response to 2 different therapeutic regimens to treat peri-implant mucositis. J Periodontol 2002; 73: 1118-25. [CrossRef] 42. Schwarz F, Becker K, Sager M. Efficacy of professionally administered plaque removal with or without adjunctive measures for the treatment of peri-implant mucositis. A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol 2015; 42 Suppl 16: S202-13. [CrossRef] 43. Figuero E, Graziani F, Sanz I, Herrera D, Sanz M. Management of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. Periodontol 2000 2014; 66: 255-73. [CrossRef] 44. Büchter A, Kleinheinz J, Meyer U, Joos U. Treatment of severe peri-implant bone loss using autogenous bone and a bioabsorbable polymer that delivered doxycycline (Atridox). Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2004; 42: 454-6. [CrossRef] 45. Renvert S, Lindahl C, Roos Jansaker AM, Persson GR. Treatment of peri-implantitis using an Er:YAG laser or an air-abrasive device: a randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38: 65-73. [CrossRef] 46. Romeo E, Ghisolfi M, Murgolo N, Chiapasco M, Lops D, Vogel G. Therapy of peri-implantitis with resective surgery. A 3-year clinical trial on rough screw-shaped oral implants. Part I: clinical outcome. Clin Oral Implants Res 2005; 16: 9-18. [CrossRef] 47. Schwarz F, Sahm N, Iglhaut G, Becker J. Impact of the method of surface debridement and decontamination on the clinical outcome following combined surgical therapy of peri-implantitis: a randomized controlled clinical study. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38: 276-84. [CrossRef] 48. Albouy JP, Abrahamsson I, Persson LG, Berglundh T. Implant surface characteristics influence the outcome of treatment of peri-implantitis: an experimental study in dogs. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38: 58-64. [CrossRef] 49. Wiltfang J, Zernial O, Behrens E, Schlegel A, Warnke PH, Becker ST. Regenerative treatment of peri-implantitis bone defects with a combination of autologous bone and a demineralized xenogenic bone graft: a series of 36 defects. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2012; 14: 421-7. [CrossRef] 50. Roos-Jansaker AM, Renvert H, Lindahl C, Renvert S. Surgical treatment of peri-implantitis using a bone substitute with or without a resorbable membrane: a prospective cohort study. J Clin Periodontol 2007; 34: 625- 32. [CrossRef]
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Articles
Yazarlar

Eser Elemek Bu kişi benim

Ömer Birkan Ağralı

Hatice Selin Yıldırım Bu kişi benim

Leyla Kuru Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 15 Haziran 2017
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Ağustos 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Elemek, E., Ağralı, Ö. B., Yıldırım, H. S., Kuru, L. (2017). Peri-implant Doku Hastalıkları ve Tedavisi. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 7(2), 64-70.
AMA Elemek E, Ağralı ÖB, Yıldırım HS, Kuru L. Peri-implant Doku Hastalıkları ve Tedavisi. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. Haziran 2017;7(2):64-70.
Chicago Elemek, Eser, Ömer Birkan Ağralı, Hatice Selin Yıldırım, ve Leyla Kuru. “Peri-Implant Doku Hastalıkları Ve Tedavisi”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 7, sy. 2 (Haziran 2017): 64-70.
EndNote Elemek E, Ağralı ÖB, Yıldırım HS, Kuru L (01 Haziran 2017) Peri-implant Doku Hastalıkları ve Tedavisi. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 7 2 64–70.
IEEE E. Elemek, Ö. B. Ağralı, H. S. Yıldırım, ve L. Kuru, “Peri-implant Doku Hastalıkları ve Tedavisi”, Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, c. 7, sy. 2, ss. 64–70, 2017.
ISNAD Elemek, Eser vd. “Peri-Implant Doku Hastalıkları Ve Tedavisi”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences 7/2 (Haziran 2017), 64-70.
JAMA Elemek E, Ağralı ÖB, Yıldırım HS, Kuru L. Peri-implant Doku Hastalıkları ve Tedavisi. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2017;7:64–70.
MLA Elemek, Eser vd. “Peri-Implant Doku Hastalıkları Ve Tedavisi”. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, c. 7, sy. 2, 2017, ss. 64-70.
Vancouver Elemek E, Ağralı ÖB, Yıldırım HS, Kuru L. Peri-implant Doku Hastalıkları ve Tedavisi. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2017;7(2):64-70.

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