Öz
Amaç: Diş hekimliğinde tedavi ve koruma amaçlı doğal ürünlerden köken alan biyolojik aktif bileşiklere artan ilgi her geçen gün devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı farklı etken maddelere sahip bitkisel ve doğal içeriklere sahip diş macunlarının antimikrobiyal etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesidir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmada farklı içeriğe sahip dokuz diş macununun (Fluor/500 ppm, Misvak+propolis+çay ağacı, Ganoderma lucidum ekstresi, himalaya tuzu, misvak özlü, Xlylitol, Aleo vera özlü, Ev yapımı) Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 ve Candida albicans ATCC 10231 kökenlerine karşı antimikrobiyal etkinliği agar difüzyon tekniği ile test edildi. İstatistiksel analizler Mann Whitney U testi ile değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Test edilen diş macunlarının S.mutans’a karşı antimikrobiyal etkinlikleri incelendiğinde aloe vera özlü diş macununun, test edilen diğer diş macunlarına kıyasla antimikrobiyal etkinliğinin anlamlı olarak daha yüksek olduğu tespit edildi (p<0,05). L. acidophilus’a karşı etkinlikleri incelendiği zaman ise, aleo vera özlü ve ev yapımı diş macunlarının antimikrobiyal etkinliklerinin diğer diş macunlarından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede yüksek olduğu gözlemlenmiştir (p<0,05).
Sonuç: Çalışmamızda incelenen alternatif etken maddeler ile üretilen diş macunlarının in vitro koşullarda antimikrobiyal etkiler gösterebileceği gözlenmiştir. In vitro çalışmaları yapılan diş macunların aktif bileşenlerinin ağız içerisinde, pH üzerine etkisi, tükürükte seyrelmesi sonucu oluşacak antimikrobiyal etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi adına klinik çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
Anahtar kelimeler: diş macunu, fluor, bitkisel diş macunu
Investigation of antimicrobial activity of herbal toothpastes with different active substances
ABSTRACT
Objective: There is increasing interest in biologically active compounds originating from natural products for treatment and protection in dentistry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of toothpastes with herbal and natural ingredients with different active ingredients.
Material and Methods: The antimicrobial activity of nine toothpaste (Fluor / 500 ppm, Miswak + propolis + tea tree, Ganoderma lucidum extract, himalaya salt, miswak extract, Xlylitol, Aleo vera extract, Homemade) were tested by agar diffusion technique against the Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Mann Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis.
Results: The antimicrobial activity of the tested toothpastes against S.mutans showed that the aloe vera toothpaste had significantly higher antimicrobial efficacy than all toothpastes tested (p <0.05). The antimicrobial activities of aleo vera extract and home-made toothpastes against the L.acidophilus were significantly higher than other toothpastes (p <0.05).
Conclusion: In our study, it has been observed that some toothpastes produced with alternative active substances may have antimicrobial effects in in vitro conditions. Clinical studies are needed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of the active ingredients of the tooth pastes on the pH, saliva dilution in the mouth.
Keywords: tooth paste, fluoride, herbal toothpaste
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Petersen PE, Bourgeois D, Ogawa H, Estupinan-Day S, Ndiaye C. The global burden of oral diseases and risks to oral health. Bull World Health Organ 2005;83(9):661-669.
- 2. Marcenes W, Kassebaum NJ, Bernabé E, Global burden of oral conditions in 1990-2010: a systematic analysis. J Dent Res 2013;92(7):592-597.
- 3. Broadbent JM, Thomson WM, Poulton R. Trajectory patterns of dental caries experience in the permanent dentition to the fourth decade of life. J Dent Res 2008;87(1):69-72.
- 4. Pitts NB, Zero DT, Marsh PD. Dental caries. Nat Rev Dis Prim 2017;3:17030.
- 5. Firdus Fareen H, Geetha R V. Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Commercially Available Herbal Toothpaste-An in Vitro Study. Drug Invention Today. 2018;10(3):3214-3217.
- 6. de Carvalho FG, Silva DS, Hebling J, Spolidorio LC, Spolidorio DMP. Presence of mutans streptococci and Candida spp. in dental plaque/dentine of carious teeth and early childhood caries. Arch Oral Biol 2006;51(11):1024-1028.
- 7. Marchant S, Brailsford SR, Twomey AC, Roberts GJ, Beighton D. The Predominant Microflora of Nursing Caries Lesions. Caries Res 2001;35(6):397-406.
- 8. Ramasubramaniaraja R. Phytochemical and antimicrobial screening of Gymnema sylvestre, Mentha arvensis, Solanum surratense, extracts in dental caries. J Pharm Res 2010;3(1):21-23.
- 9. Pannuti CM, Mattos JP de, Ranoya PN, Jesus AM de, Lotufo RFM, Romito GA. Clinical effect of a herbal dentifrice on the control of plaque and gingivitis: a double-blind study. Pesqui Odontológica Bras 2003;17(4):314-318.
- 10. Lippert F. An Introduction to Toothpaste - Its Purpose, History and Ingredients. Monogr Oral Sci. 2013:1-14.
- 11. Twetman S, Keller MK. Floride Rinses, Gels and Foams: An Update of Controlled Clinical Trials. Caries Res 2016;50(1):38-44.
- 12. Petersen PE. The World Oral Health Report 2003 Continuous improvement of oral health in the 21st century. World Heal Organ 2003.
- 13. Evans A, Leishman SJ, Walsh LJ, Seow WK. Inhibitory effects of children’s toothpastes on Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2015;16(2):219-226.
- 14. Randall J, Seow W, Walsh L. Antibacterial activity of floride compounds and herbal toothpastes on Streptococcus mutans : an in vitro study. Aust Dent J 2015;60(3):368-374.
- 15. Walsh T, Worthington H V, Glenny A-M, Marinho VC, Jeroncic A. Floride toothpastes of different concentrations for preventing dental caries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019;(3).
- 16. Bertolini PFR, Biondi Filho O, Pomilio A, Pinheiro SL, Carvalho MS. Antimicrobial capacity of Aloe vera and propolis dentifrice against Streptococcus mutans strains in toothbrushes: an in vitro study. J Appl Oral Sci 2012;20(1):32-37.
- 17. Fani M, Kohanteb J. Inhibitory activity of Aloe vera gel on some clinically isolated cariogenic and periodontopathic bacteria. J Oral Sci 2012;54(1):15-21.
- 18. Lee SS, Zhang W, Li Y. The antimicrobial potential of 14 natural herbal dentifrices: results of an in vitro diffusion method study. J Am Dent Assoc 2004;135(8):1133-1141.
- 19. George D, Bhat SS, Antony B. Comparative evaluation of the antimicrobial efficacy of aloe vera tooth gel and two popular commercial toothpastes: an in vitro study. Gen Dent 57(3):238-241.
- 20. Koo H, Cury JA, Rosalen PL, Ambrosano GMB, Ikegaki M, Park YK. Effect of a mouthrinse containing selected propolis on 3-day dental plaque accumulation and polysaccharide formation. Caries Res 2002;36(6):445-448.
- 21. Airen B, Sarkar PA, Tomar U, Bishen KA. Antibacterial effect of propolis derived from tribal region on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus: An in vitro study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 36(1):48-52.
- 22. Mohsin S, Manohar B, Rajesh S, Asif Y. The effects of a dentifrice containing propolis on Mutans Streptococci: a clinico-microbiological study. Ethiop J Health Sci 2015;25(1):9-16.
- 23. Gavanji S, Larki B. Comparative effect of propolis of honey bee and some herbal extracts on Candida albicans. Chin J Integr Med 2017;23(3):201-207.
- 24. Hammer KA, Dry L, Johnson M, Michalak EM, Carson CF, Riley T V. Susceptibility of oral bacteria to Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil in vitro. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2003;18(6):389-392.
- 25. Kamath NP, Tandon S, Nayak R, Naidu S, Anand PS, Kamath YS. The effect of aloe vera and tea tree oil mouthwashes on the oral health of school children. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2020;21(1):61-66.
- 26. Haque MM, Alsareii SA. A review of the therapeutic effects of using miswak (Salvadora Persica) on oral health. Saudi Med J 2015;36(5):530.
- 27. Törenek Ağırman K, Yeşiltepe S, Miloğlu Ö, Sarıca İ. Salvadora Persica Misvak ve Ağız Sağlığına Etkileri. Atatürk Üniv Diş Hek Fak Derg 2018;28(3):410-414.
- 28. Siddeeqh S, Parida A, Jose M, Pai V. Estimation of Antimicrobial Properties of Aqueous and Alcoholic Extracts of Salvadora Persica (Miswak) on Oral Microbial Pathogens - An Invitro Study. J Clin Dıagnostıc Res 2016;10(9):FC13-FC16.
- 29. Naseem S, Hashmi K, Fasih F, Sharafat S, Khanani R. In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial effect of miswak against common oral pathogens. Pakistan J Med Sci 2014;30(2):398-403.
- 30. al-Bagieh NH, Idowu A, Salako NO. Effect of aqueous extract of miswak on the in vitro growth of Candida albicans. Microbios 1994;80(323):107-113.
- 31. Söderling E, ElSalhy M, Honkala E, et al. Effects of short-term xylitol gum chewing on the oral microbiome. Clin Oral Investig 2015;19(2):237-244.
- 32. Marghalani AA, Guinto E, Phan M, Dhar V, Tinanoff N. Effectiveness of Xylitol in Reducing Dental Caries in Children. Pediatr Dent 2017;39(2):103-110.
- 33. Alanzi A, Soderling E, Varghese A, Honkala E. Xylitol Chewing Gums on the Market: Do They Prevent Caries? Oral Health Prev Dent 2016;14(5):459-466.
- 34. Riley P, Moore D, Ahmed F, Sharif MO, Worthington H V. Xylitol-containing products for preventing dental caries in children and adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015;(3):CD010743.
- 35. Talattof Z, Azad A, Zahed M, Shahradnia N. Antifungal Activity of Xylitol against Candida albicans: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(2):125-129.
- 36. Móricz ÁM, Szarka S, Ott PG, Héthelyi ÉB, Szőke É, Tyihák E. Separation and identification of antibacterial chamomile components using OPLC, bioautography and GC-MS. Med Chem 2012;8:85-94.
Öz
Kaynakça
- 1. Petersen PE, Bourgeois D, Ogawa H, Estupinan-Day S, Ndiaye C. The global burden of oral diseases and risks to oral health. Bull World Health Organ 2005;83(9):661-669.
- 2. Marcenes W, Kassebaum NJ, Bernabé E, Global burden of oral conditions in 1990-2010: a systematic analysis. J Dent Res 2013;92(7):592-597.
- 3. Broadbent JM, Thomson WM, Poulton R. Trajectory patterns of dental caries experience in the permanent dentition to the fourth decade of life. J Dent Res 2008;87(1):69-72.
- 4. Pitts NB, Zero DT, Marsh PD. Dental caries. Nat Rev Dis Prim 2017;3:17030.
- 5. Firdus Fareen H, Geetha R V. Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Commercially Available Herbal Toothpaste-An in Vitro Study. Drug Invention Today. 2018;10(3):3214-3217.
- 6. de Carvalho FG, Silva DS, Hebling J, Spolidorio LC, Spolidorio DMP. Presence of mutans streptococci and Candida spp. in dental plaque/dentine of carious teeth and early childhood caries. Arch Oral Biol 2006;51(11):1024-1028.
- 7. Marchant S, Brailsford SR, Twomey AC, Roberts GJ, Beighton D. The Predominant Microflora of Nursing Caries Lesions. Caries Res 2001;35(6):397-406.
- 8. Ramasubramaniaraja R. Phytochemical and antimicrobial screening of Gymnema sylvestre, Mentha arvensis, Solanum surratense, extracts in dental caries. J Pharm Res 2010;3(1):21-23.
- 9. Pannuti CM, Mattos JP de, Ranoya PN, Jesus AM de, Lotufo RFM, Romito GA. Clinical effect of a herbal dentifrice on the control of plaque and gingivitis: a double-blind study. Pesqui Odontológica Bras 2003;17(4):314-318.
- 10. Lippert F. An Introduction to Toothpaste - Its Purpose, History and Ingredients. Monogr Oral Sci. 2013:1-14.
- 11. Twetman S, Keller MK. Floride Rinses, Gels and Foams: An Update of Controlled Clinical Trials. Caries Res 2016;50(1):38-44.
- 12. Petersen PE. The World Oral Health Report 2003 Continuous improvement of oral health in the 21st century. World Heal Organ 2003.
- 13. Evans A, Leishman SJ, Walsh LJ, Seow WK. Inhibitory effects of children’s toothpastes on Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2015;16(2):219-226.
- 14. Randall J, Seow W, Walsh L. Antibacterial activity of floride compounds and herbal toothpastes on Streptococcus mutans : an in vitro study. Aust Dent J 2015;60(3):368-374.
- 15. Walsh T, Worthington H V, Glenny A-M, Marinho VC, Jeroncic A. Floride toothpastes of different concentrations for preventing dental caries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019;(3).
- 16. Bertolini PFR, Biondi Filho O, Pomilio A, Pinheiro SL, Carvalho MS. Antimicrobial capacity of Aloe vera and propolis dentifrice against Streptococcus mutans strains in toothbrushes: an in vitro study. J Appl Oral Sci 2012;20(1):32-37.
- 17. Fani M, Kohanteb J. Inhibitory activity of Aloe vera gel on some clinically isolated cariogenic and periodontopathic bacteria. J Oral Sci 2012;54(1):15-21.
- 18. Lee SS, Zhang W, Li Y. The antimicrobial potential of 14 natural herbal dentifrices: results of an in vitro diffusion method study. J Am Dent Assoc 2004;135(8):1133-1141.
- 19. George D, Bhat SS, Antony B. Comparative evaluation of the antimicrobial efficacy of aloe vera tooth gel and two popular commercial toothpastes: an in vitro study. Gen Dent 57(3):238-241.
- 20. Koo H, Cury JA, Rosalen PL, Ambrosano GMB, Ikegaki M, Park YK. Effect of a mouthrinse containing selected propolis on 3-day dental plaque accumulation and polysaccharide formation. Caries Res 2002;36(6):445-448.
- 21. Airen B, Sarkar PA, Tomar U, Bishen KA. Antibacterial effect of propolis derived from tribal region on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus: An in vitro study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 36(1):48-52.
- 22. Mohsin S, Manohar B, Rajesh S, Asif Y. The effects of a dentifrice containing propolis on Mutans Streptococci: a clinico-microbiological study. Ethiop J Health Sci 2015;25(1):9-16.
- 23. Gavanji S, Larki B. Comparative effect of propolis of honey bee and some herbal extracts on Candida albicans. Chin J Integr Med 2017;23(3):201-207.
- 24. Hammer KA, Dry L, Johnson M, Michalak EM, Carson CF, Riley T V. Susceptibility of oral bacteria to Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil in vitro. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2003;18(6):389-392.
- 25. Kamath NP, Tandon S, Nayak R, Naidu S, Anand PS, Kamath YS. The effect of aloe vera and tea tree oil mouthwashes on the oral health of school children. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2020;21(1):61-66.
- 26. Haque MM, Alsareii SA. A review of the therapeutic effects of using miswak (Salvadora Persica) on oral health. Saudi Med J 2015;36(5):530.
- 27. Törenek Ağırman K, Yeşiltepe S, Miloğlu Ö, Sarıca İ. Salvadora Persica Misvak ve Ağız Sağlığına Etkileri. Atatürk Üniv Diş Hek Fak Derg 2018;28(3):410-414.
- 28. Siddeeqh S, Parida A, Jose M, Pai V. Estimation of Antimicrobial Properties of Aqueous and Alcoholic Extracts of Salvadora Persica (Miswak) on Oral Microbial Pathogens - An Invitro Study. J Clin Dıagnostıc Res 2016;10(9):FC13-FC16.
- 29. Naseem S, Hashmi K, Fasih F, Sharafat S, Khanani R. In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial effect of miswak against common oral pathogens. Pakistan J Med Sci 2014;30(2):398-403.
- 30. al-Bagieh NH, Idowu A, Salako NO. Effect of aqueous extract of miswak on the in vitro growth of Candida albicans. Microbios 1994;80(323):107-113.
- 31. Söderling E, ElSalhy M, Honkala E, et al. Effects of short-term xylitol gum chewing on the oral microbiome. Clin Oral Investig 2015;19(2):237-244.
- 32. Marghalani AA, Guinto E, Phan M, Dhar V, Tinanoff N. Effectiveness of Xylitol in Reducing Dental Caries in Children. Pediatr Dent 2017;39(2):103-110.
- 33. Alanzi A, Soderling E, Varghese A, Honkala E. Xylitol Chewing Gums on the Market: Do They Prevent Caries? Oral Health Prev Dent 2016;14(5):459-466.
- 34. Riley P, Moore D, Ahmed F, Sharif MO, Worthington H V. Xylitol-containing products for preventing dental caries in children and adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015;(3):CD010743.
- 35. Talattof Z, Azad A, Zahed M, Shahradnia N. Antifungal Activity of Xylitol against Candida albicans: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(2):125-129.
- 36. Móricz ÁM, Szarka S, Ott PG, Héthelyi ÉB, Szőke É, Tyihák E. Separation and identification of antibacterial chamomile components using OPLC, bioautography and GC-MS. Med Chem 2012;8:85-94.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Diş Hekimliği |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 15 Temmuz 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020 Cilt: 30 Sayı: 3 |
Kaynak Göster
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